Search (312 results, page 2 of 16)

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Abstract

The virtual university environment provides librarians with new opportunities to contribute to the educational process. Building on the success of team-teaching a traditional liberal arts core course with composition and communications faculty, librarians and a communications professor worked together to integrate the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education (2000) into the online environment. The resulting graduate-level course in multimedia literacy assembled faculty and curriculum resources normally untapped in traditional classrooms. All five information literacy standards covering need, access, evaluation, use and the social, economic, legal, and ethical issues surrounding information use were addressed. Readings and threaded discussions about intellectual property, fair use of copyrighted materials, the evaluation of free and fee-based Web information and Web page design and construction prepared students to work in groups to design and construct Web sites. Students also completed a capstone project in the form of individual Web portfolios, which demonstrated the information and multimedia principles they learned in the class. Assessment of information literacy skills occurred through the analysis of student discussion, evaluative annotations, Web site assignments, perception surveys, and a master's level comprehensive exam question. What was learned in this course will serve as a model for future collaborative partnerships in which faculty and librarians work together to ensure that students who learn from a distance truly master information literacy competencies.

Theme

Computer Based Training

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Katy Börner and Chaomei Chen: Visual Interfaces to Digital Libraries: Motivation, Utilization, and Socio-technical Challenges - Part I. Visual interfaces to Documents, Document Parts, Document Variants, and Document Usage Data - George Buchanan, Ann Blandford, Matt Jones, and Harold Thimbleby: Spatial Hypertext as a Reader Tool in Digital Libraries; Michael Christoffel and Bethina Schmitt: Accessing Libraries as Easy as a Game; Carlos Monroy, Rajiv Kochumman, Richard Furuta, and Eduardo Urbina: Interactive Timeline Viewer (ItLv): A Tool to Visualize Variants Among Documents; Mischa Weiss-Lijn, Janet T. McDonnell, and Leslie James: An Empirical Evaluation of the Interactive Visualization of Metadata to Support Document Use; Stephen G. Eick: Visual Analysis of Website Browsing Patterns - Part II. Visual Interfaces to Image and Video Documents - Adrian Graham, Hector Garcia-Molina, Andreas Paepcke, and Terry Winograd: Extreme Temporal Photo Browsing; Michael G. Christel: Accessing News Video Libraries through Dynamic Information Extraction, Summarization, and Visualization; Anselm Spoerri: Handwritten Notes as a Visual Interface to Index, Edit and Publish Audio/Video Highlights - Part III. Visualization of Knowledge Domains - Jan W. Buzydlowski, Howard D. White, and Xia Lin: Term Co-occurrence Analysis as an Interface for Digital Libraries; Kevin W. Boyack, Brian N. Wylie, and George S. Davidson: Information Visualization, Human-Computer Interaction, and Cognitive Psychology: Domain Visualizations - Part IV. Cartographic Interfaces to Digital Libraries - André Skupin: On Geometry and Transformation in Map-Like Information Visualization; Guoray Cai: GeoVIBE: A Visual Interface for Geographic Digital Libraries: Teong Joo Ong, John J. Leggett, Hugh D. Wilson, Stephan L. Hatch, and Monique D. Reed: Interactive Information Visualization in the Digital Flora of Texas; Dan Ancona, Mike Freeston, Terry Smith, and Sara Fabrikant: Visual Explorations for the Alexandria Digital Earth Prototype - Part V. Towards a General Framework - Rao Shen, Jun Wang, and Edward A. Fox: A Lightweight Protocol between Digital Libraries and Visualization Systems; Chaomei Chen and Katy Börner: Top Ten Problems in Visual Interfaces to Digital Libraries

Date

22. 2.2003 17:25:39
22. 3.2008 15:02:37

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Abstract

As the use of information gathered across communications networks becomes all-pervasive in the office, factory and home, a basic understanding of the underlying technology is increasingly important. Communications and Information Systems explains the basic technology of communications and information systemsproviding a comprehensive, accessible source of information without resorting to explanations that are either trivial or misleading. The book is ideally suited for university courses that introduce communications and information systems, particularly to non-technical students. Electrical engineers and computer scientists may also find this book useful, however, as a complement to the mathematical explanations of communications and information systems technology emphasised in university engineering courses. Topics covered include: Communications systems model, analogue and digital signals, source coding, channel coding, encryption, modulation, multiplexing, multiple access and frequency spreading, transmitters and receivers, transmission media, radio wave propagation, antennas, types of communication systems, networking, internetworking, mobile communications systems, satellite communications systems, information management, information systems, operating systems, software, and databases. A complete presentation package is available for instructors who prescribe this book as a course text. If you do not wish to receive emails from the Argos Press, please reply to this message with the word "unsubscribe" in the subject line.

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 32(2005) no.1, S.47-49 (M. Hudon): "Vanda Broughton's Essential Classification is the most recent addition to a very small set of classification textbooks published over the past few years. The book's 21 chapters are based very closely an the cataloguing and classification module at the School of Library, Archive, and Information studies at University College, London. The author's main objective is clear: this is "first and foremost a book about how to classify. The emphasis throughout is an the activity of classification rather than the theory, the practical problems of the organization of collections, and the needs of the users" (p. 1). This is not a theoretical work, but a basic course in classification and classification scheme application. For this reviewer, who also teaches "Classification 101," this is also a fascinating peek into how a colleague organizes content and structures her course. "Classification is everywhere" (p. 1): the first sentence of this book is also one of the first statements in my own course, and Professor Broughton's metaphors - the supermarket, canned peas, flowers, etc. - are those that are used by our colleagues around the world. The combination of tone, writing style and content display are reader-friendly; they are in fact what make this book remarkable and what distinguishes it from more "formal" textbooks, such as The Organization of Information, the superb text written and recently updated (2004) by Professor Arlene Taylor (2nd ed. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2004). Reading Essential Classification, at times, feels like being in a classroom, facing a teacher who assures you that "you don't need to worry about this at this stage" (p. 104), and reassures you that, although you now speed a long time looking for things, "you will soon speed up when you get to know the scheme better" (p. 137). This teacher uses redundancy in a productive fashion, and she is not afraid to express her own opinions ("I think that if these concepts are helpful they may be used" (p. 245); "It's annoying that LCC doesn't provide clearer instructions, but if you keep your head and take them one step at a time [i.e. the tables] they're fairly straightforward" (p. 174)). Chapters 1 to 7 present the essential theoretical concepts relating to knowledge organization and to bibliographic classification. The author is adept at making and explaining distinctions: known-item retrieval versus subject retrieval, personal versus public/shared/official classification systems, scientific versus folk classification systems, object versus aspect classification systems, semantic versus syntactic relationships, and so on. Chapters 8 and 9 discuss the practice of classification, through content analysis and subject description. A short discussion of difficult subjects, namely the treatment of unique concepts (persons, places, etc.) as subjects seems a little advanced for a beginners' class.
In Chapter 10, "Controlled indexing languages," Professor Broughton states that a classification scheme is truly a language "since it permits communication and the exchange of information" (p. 89), a Statement with which this reviewer wholly agrees. Chapter 11, however, "Word-based approaches to retrieval," moves us to a different field altogether, offering only a narrow view of the whole world of controlled indexing languages such as thesauri, and presenting disconnected discussions of alphabetical filing, form and structure of subject headings, modern developments in alphabetical subject indexing, etc. Chapters 12 and 13 focus an the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), without even a passing reference to existing subject headings lists in other languages (French RAMEAU, German SWK, etc.). If it is not surprising to see a section on subject headings in a book on classification, the two subjects being taught together in most library schools, the location of this section in the middle of this particular book is more difficult to understand. Chapter 14 brings the reader back to classification, for a discussion of essentials of classification scheme application. The following five chapters present in turn each one of the three major and currently used bibliographic classification schemes, in order of increasing complexity and difficulty of application. The Library of Congress Classification (LCC), the easiest to use, is covered in chapters 15 and 16. The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) deserves only a one-chapter treatment (Chapter 17), while the functionalities of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), which Professor Broughton knows extremely well, are described in chapters 18 and 19. Chapter 20 is a general discussion of faceted classification, on par with the first seven chapters for its theoretical content. Chapter 21, an interesting last chapter on managing classification, addresses down-to-earth matters such as the cost of classification, the need for re-classification, advantages and disadvantages of using print versions or e-versions of classification schemes, choice of classification scheme, general versus special scheme. But although the questions are interesting, the chapter provides only a very general overview of what appropriate answers might be. To facilitate reading and learning, summaries are strategically located at various places in the text, and always before switching to a related subject. Professor Broughton's choice of examples is always interesting, and sometimes even entertaining (see for example "Inside out: A brief history of underwear" (p. 71)). With many examples, however, and particularly those that appear in the five chapters an classification scheme applications, the novice reader would have benefited from more detailed explanations. On page 221, for example, "The history and social influence of the potato" results in this analysis of concepts: Potato - Sociology, and in the UDC class number: 635.21:316. What happened to the "history" aspect? Some examples are not very convincing: in Animals RT Reproduction and Art RT Reproduction (p. 102), the associative relationship is not appropriate as it is used to distinguish homographs and would do nothing to help either the indexer or the user at the retrieval stage.
Essential Classification is also an exercise book. Indeed, it contains a number of practical exercises and activities in every chapter, along with suggested answers. Unfortunately, the answers are too often provided without the justifications and explanations that students would no doubt demand. The author has taken great care to explain all technical terms in her text, but formal definitions are also gathered in an extensive 172-term Glossary; appropriately, these terms appear in bold type the first time they are used in the text. A short, very short, annotated bibliography of standard classification textbooks and of manuals for the use of major classification schemes is provided. A detailed 11-page index completes the set of learning aids which will be useful to an audience of students in their effort to grasp the basic concepts of the theory and the practice of document classification in a traditional environment. Essential Classification is a fine textbook. However, this reviewer deplores the fact that it presents only a very "traditional" view of classification, without much reference to newer environments such as the Internet where classification also manifests itself in various forms. In Essential Classification, books are always used as examples, and we have to take the author's word that traditional classification practices and tools can also be applied to other types of documents and elsewhere than in the traditional library. Vanda Broughton writes, for example, that "Subject headings can't be used for physical arrangement" (p. 101), but this is not entirely true. Subject headings can be used for physical arrangement of vertical files, for example, with each folder bearing a simple or complex heading which is then used for internal organization. And if it is true that subject headings cannot be reproduced an the spine of [physical] books (p. 93), the situation is certainly different an the World Wide Web where subject headings as metadata can be most useful in ordering a collection of hot links. The emphasis is also an the traditional paperbased, rather than an the electronic version of classification schemes, with excellent justifications of course. The reality is, however, that supporting organizations (LC, OCLC, etc.) are now providing great quality services online, and that updates are now available only in an electronic format and not anymore on paper. E-based versions of classification schemes could be safely ignored in a theoretical text, but they have to be described and explained in a textbook published in 2005. One last comment: Professor Broughton tends to use the same term, "classification" to represent the process (as in classification is grouping) and the tool (as in constructing a classification, using a classification, etc.). Even in the Glossary where classification is first well-defined as a process, and classification scheme as "a set of classes ...", the definition of classification scheme continues: "the classification consists of a vocabulary (...) and syntax..." (p. 296-297). Such an ambiguous use of the term classification seems unfortunate and unnecessarily confusing in an otherwise very good basic textbook an categorization of concepts and subjects, document organization and subject representation."

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Content

Inhalt: Introduction Document File Preparation - Manual Indexing - Information Extraction - Vector Space Modeling - Matrix Decompositions - Query Representations - Ranking and Relevance Feedback - Searching by Link Structure - User Interface - Book Format Document File Preparation Document Purification and Analysis - Text Formatting - Validation - Manual Indexing - Automatic Indexing - Item Normalization - Inverted File Structures - Document File - Dictionary List - Inversion List - Other File Structures Vector Space Models Construction - Term-by-Document Matrices - Simple Query Matching - Design Issues - Term Weighting - Sparse Matrix Storage - Low-Rank Approximations Matrix Decompositions QR Factorization - Singular Value Decomposition - Low-Rank Approximations - Query Matching - Software - Semidiscrete Decomposition - Updating Techniques Query Management Query Binding - Types of Queries - Boolean Queries - Natural Language Queries - Thesaurus Queries - Fuzzy Queries - Term Searches - Probabilistic Queries Ranking and Relevance Feedback Performance Evaluation - Precision - Recall - Average Precision - Genetic Algorithms - Relevance Feedback Searching by Link Structure HITS Method - HITS Implementation - HITS Summary - PageRank Method - PageRank Adjustments - PageRank Implementation - PageRank Summary User Interface Considerations General Guidelines - Search Engine Interfaces - Form Fill-in - Display Considerations - Progress Indication - No Penalties for Error - Results - Test and Retest - Final Considerations Further Reading

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Content

Carol Jean Godby, Devon Smith, Eric Childress: Encoding Application Profiles in a Computational Model of the Crosswalk. - Maria Elisabete Catarino, Ana Alice Baptista: Relating Folksonomies with Dublin Core. - Ed Summers, Antoine Isaac, Clay Redding, Dan Krech: LCSH, SKOS and Linked Data. - Xia Lin, Jiexun Li, Xiaohua Zhou: Theme Creation for Digital Collections. - Boris Lauser, Gudrun Johannsen, Caterina Caracciolo, Willem Robert van Hage, Johannes Keizer, Philipp Mayr: Comparing Human and Automatic Thesaurus Mapping Approaches in the Agricultural Domain. - P. Bryan Heidorn, Qin Wei: Automatic Metadata Extraction From Museum Specimen Labels. - Stuart Allen Sutton, Diny Golder: Achievement Standards Network (ASN): An Application Profile for Mapping K-12 Educational Resources to Achievement Standards. - Allen H. Renear, Karen M. Wickett, Richard J. Urban, David Dubin, Sarah L. Shreeves: Collection/Item Metadata Relationships. - Seth van Hooland, Yves Bontemps, Seth Kaufman: Answering the Call for more Accountability: Applying Data Profiling to Museum Metadata. - Thomas Margaritopoulos, Merkourios Margaritopoulos, Ioannis Mavridis, Athanasios Manitsaris: A Conceptual Framework for Metadata Quality Assessment. - Miao Chen, Xiaozhong Liu, Jian Qin: Semantic Relation Extraction from Socially-Generated Tags: A Methodology for Metadata Generation. - Hak Lae Kim, Simon Scerri, John G. Breslin, Stefan Decker, Hong Gee Kim: The State of the Art in Tag Ontologies: A Semantic Model for Tagging and Folksonomies. - Martin Malmsten: Making a Library Catalogue Part of the Semantic Web. - Philipp Mayr, Vivien Petras: Building a Terminology Network for Search: The KoMoHe Project. - Michael Panzer: Cool URIs for the DDC: Towards Web-scale Accessibility of a Large Classification System. - Barbara Levergood, Stefan Farrenkopf, Elisabeth Frasnelli: The Specification of the Language of the Field and Interoperability: Cross-language Access to Catalogues and Online Libraries (CACAO)

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.2, S.181-182 (J. Scholl): "The book is based an a doctoral thesis titled "Global opportunity and national political economy: The development of internet ventures in Germany," which was supervised by Razeen Sally and accepted at the International Relations Department of the London School of Economics & Political Science, UK, in 2002. Its primary audience, although it is certainly of interest to policy makers, trade press journalists, and industry practitioners, is the academic community, and, in particular, (international) policy, business, business history, information technology, and information science scholars. The book's self-stated purpose is to explain "why Europe, despite initiating a tremendous amount of change ... failed to produce independent internet ventures of note" (p. 1) in contrast to the United States, where Internet start-ups such as Amazon.com, eBay, E*trade, and Yahoo managed to survive the notorious dot.com shakeout of 200I-2002. A few pages down, the objective is restated as "to explore the hypothesis of a global opportunity for technology innovation delivered via the internet and to explain Europe's entrepreneurial response" (p. 4). As a proxy case for Europe, the study provides a broad account of the changing legal and socioeconomic setting during the phase of early Internet adoption and development in Germany throughout the 1990s. The author highlights and details various facets of the entrepreneurial opportunity and compares the German case in some detail to corresponding developments in Sweden. Waesche concludes that starting an Internet business in Germany during that particular period of time was a "wrong country, wrong time" (p. I86) proposition.
Assessing the book's academic contribution presents a challenging task, which would have been easier to perform had the purpose been stated more precisely. To the business historian the study casts some light an a relatively short period of time (basically the years 1995 to 1998) of German technology-related policy making, its short-term effects, and the fate of a special breed of entrepreneurial activity during that period of time. The study demonstrates that German Start-ups could not help but miss a global opportunity should that opportunity have existed an a broad scale, at all (for example, why, globally speaking, are there only U.S. survivors of the first wave of "pure" Internet businesses? In other words, to what extent was the opportunity already a global one at that early stage?). The reviewer tends to be skeptical regarding that conjecture. Today, the New Economy euphoria has vanished in favor of a more realistic perspective that acknowledges the tremendous long-term potential of an increasingly global economy with the Internet as an important backbone of this development. In fact, meanwhile it has become undeniable that so-called Old Economy organizations (including governments) were relatively quick an their feet in embracing and even driving the new technological opportunities, therefore contributing to the global change and opportunity decisively more than all first and second-wave Internet startups taken together. Rather than Old versus New Economy, the Internet has challenged almost every organization around the world to change the old way in favor of a new, Internet-related way of doing business. In that regard, the pure Internet entrepreneurial opportunity existed only for a short while when traditional businesses had difficulties to acknowledge the extent and immediacy of the opportunity/threat of a new business model. It is revealing, for example, that Amazon.com, in order to survive, had to divert from its original broker-type model to more traditional ways of retailing books, CDs, Computer equipment, etc., with most of the backend logistics not far from those of traditional players. A 2002 dissertation and a 2003 book should, it is felt, be more critically reflective in that regard rather than stick to a 1998 perspective of an assumed immediate and revolutionary change from brick-and-mortar-based business to a "clicks and cookies" economy.

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Content

BEAN, C.A.: Mapping down: semantic and structural relationships in user-designated broader-narrow term pairs. DE MOYA-ANEGÓN, F., M.J. LÓPEZ-HUERTAS: An automatic model for updating the conceptual structure of a scientific discipline. BARTOLO, L.M., A.M. TRIMBLE: Heterogeneous structures project database: vocabulary mapping within a multidisciplinary, multiinstitutional research group. FRÂNCU, V.: Harmonizing a universal classification system with an interdisciplinary multilingual thesaurus: advantages and limitations. PRISS, U.: Comparing classification systems using facets. WILLIAMSON, N.J.: Thesauri in the digital age: stability and dynamism in their development and use. SIGEL, A.: How can user-oriented depth analysis be constructively guided?. SAGGION, H., G. LAPALME: Selective analysis for the automatic generation of summaries. POLLITT, A.S., A.J. TINKER: Enhanced view-based searching through the decomposition of Dewey Decimal Classification codes. RADEMAKER, C.A.: The classification of ornamental designs in the United States Patent Classification System. HUBER, J.T., M.L. GILLASPY: An examination of the discourse of homosexuality as reflected in medical vocabularies, classificatory structures, and information resources. HE, Q.: A study of the strength indexes in co-word analysis. GREEN, R.: Automated identification of frame semantic relational structures. MCILWAINE, I.C.: Interdisciplinarity: a new retrieval problem?. DAVENPORT, E., H. ROSENBAUM: A system for organizing situational knowledge in the workplace that is based on the shape of documents. HOWARTH, L.C.: Designing a "Human Understandable" metalevel ontology for enhancing resource discovery in knowledge bases. IHADJADENE, M., R. BOUCHÉ u. R. ZÂAFRANI: The dynamic nature of searching and browsing on Web-OPACs: the CATHIE experience. DING, Y., G. CHOWDHURY u. S. FOO: Organsising keywords in a Web search environment: a methodology based on co-word analysis. HUDON, M.: Innovation and tradition in knowledge organization schemes on the Internet, or, Finding one's way in the virtual library. CLARKE, S.G.D.: Thesauri, topics and other structures in knowledge management software. DEVADASON, F.J., P. PATAMAWONGJARIYA: FAHOO: faceted alphabetico-hierachically organized objects systems. KWASNIK, B.H., X. LIU: Classification structures in the changing environment of active commercial websites: the case of eBay.com.
ARDÖ, A., J. GODBY u. A. HOUGHTON u.a.: Browsing engineering resources on the Web: a general knowledge organization scheme (Dewey) vs. a special scheme (EI). DRON, J., C. BOYNE u. R. MITCHELL u.a.: Darwin among the indices: a report on COFIND, a self-organising resource base. VAN DER WALT, M.: South African search engines, directories and portals: a survey and evaluation. GARCIA, L.S., S.M.M. OLIVEIRA u. G.M.S. LUZ: Knowledge organization for query elaboration and support for technical response by the Internet. OHLY, H.P.: Information and organizational knowledge faced with contemporary knowledge theories: unveiling the strength of the myth. POLANCO, X., C. FRANCOIS: Data clustering and cluster mapping or visualization in text processing and mining. BOWKER, L.: A corpus-based investigation of variation in the organization of medical terms. CRAIG, B.L.: Rethinking official knowing and its practices: the British Treasury's Registry between the Two World Wars. BUCKLAND, M.K., A. CHEN u. M. GEBBIE u.a.: Variation by subdomain in indexes to knowledge organization systems. HUDON, M., J.M. TURNER u. Y. DEVIN: How many terms are enough?: stability and dynamism in vocabulary management for moving image collections. ARSENAULT, C.: Testing the impact of syllable aggregation in romanized fields of Chinese language bibliographic records. HE, S.: Conceptual equivalence and representational difference in terminology translation of English computer terms in simplified Chinese and traditional Chinese. SMIRAGLIA, R.P.: Works as signs and canons: towards an epistemology of the work. CARLYLE, A., J. SUMMERLIN: Transforming catalog displays: records clustering for works of fiction. HILDRETH, C.R.: Are Web-based OPACs more effective retrieval systems than their conventional predecessors?: an experimental study. RIESTHUIS, G.J.A.: Multilingual subject access and the Guidelines for the establishment and development of multilingual thesauri: an experimental study.

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LCSH

Needs assessment

Subject

Needs assessment

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 50(2003) no.1, S.45-46 (L.M. Given): "In her own preface to this work, the author notes her lifelong fascination with classification and order, as well as her more recent captivation with the Internet - a place of "chaos in need of organization" (xi). Sorting out the Web examines current efforts to organize the Web and is well-informed by the author's academic and professional expertise in information organization, information retrieval, and Web development. Although the book's level and tone are particularly relevant to a student audience (or others interested in Web-based subject access at an introductory level), it will also appeal to information professionals developing subject access systems across a range of information contexts. There are six chapters in the book, each describing and analyzing one core concept related to the organization of Web content. All topics are presented in a manner ideal for newcomers to the area, with clear definitions, examples, and visuals that illustrate the principles under discussion. The first chapter provides a brief introduction to developments in information technology, including an historical overview of information services, users' needs, and libraries' responses to the Internet. Chapter two introduces metadata, including core concepts and metadata formats. Throughout this chapter the author presents a number of figures that aptly illustrate the application of metadata in HTML, SGML, and MARC record environments, and the use of metadata tools (e.g., XML, RDF). Chapter three begins with an overview of classification theory and specific schemes, but the author devotes most of the discussion to the application of classification systems in the Web environment (e.g., Dewey, LCC, UDC). Web screen captures illustrate the use of these schemes for information sources posted to sites around the world. The chapter closes with a discussion of the future of classification; this is a particularly useful section as the author presents a listing of core journal and conference venues where new approaches to Web classification are explored. In chapter four, the author extends the discussion of classification to the use of controlled vocabularies. As in the first few chapters, the author first presents core background material, including reasons to use controlled vocabularies and the differences between preand post-coordinate indexing, and then discusses the application of specific vocabularies in the Web environment (e.g., Infomine's use of LCSH). The final section of the chapter explores failure in subject searching and the limitations of controlled vocabularies for the Web. Chapter five discusses one of the most common and fast-growing topics related to subject access an the Web: search engines. The author presents a clear definition of the term that encompasses classified search lists (e.g., Yahoo) and query-based engines (e.g., Alta Vista). In addition to historical background an the development of search engines, Schwartz also examines search service types, features, results, and system performance.

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Abstract

The development of the Semantic Web, with machine-readable content, has the potential to revolutionise the World Wide Web and its use. A Semantic Web Primer provides an introduction and guide to this emerging field, describing its key ideas, languages and technologies. Suitable for use as a textbook or for self-study by professionals, it concentrates on undergraduate-level fundamental concepts and techniques that will enable readers to proceed with building applications on their own. It includes exercises, project descriptions and annotated references to relevant online materials. A Semantic Web Primer is the only available book on the Semantic Web to include a systematic treatment of the different languages (XML, RDF, OWL and rules) and technologies (explicit metadata, ontologies and logic and interference) that are central to Semantic Web development. The book also examines such crucial related topics as ontology engineering and application scenarios. After an introductory chapter, topics covered in succeeding chapters include XML and related technologies that support semantic interoperability; RDF and RDF Schema, the standard data model for machine-processable semantics; and OWL, the W3C-approved standard for a Web ontology language more extensive than RDF Schema; rules, both monotonic and nonmonotonic, in the framework of the Semantic Web; selected application domains and how the Semantic Web would benefit them; the development of ontology-based systems; and current debates on key issues and predictions for the future.

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.8, S.1132-1133 (H. Che): "The World Wide Web has been the main source of an important shift in the way people communicate with each other, get information, and conduct business. However, most of the current Web content is only suitable for human consumption. The main obstacle to providing better quality of service is that the meaning of Web content is not machine-accessible. The "Semantic Web" is envisioned by Tim Berners-Lee as a logical extension to the current Web that enables explicit representations of term meaning. It aims to bring the Web to its full potential via the exploration of these machine-processable metadata. To fulfill this, it pros ides some meta languages like RDF, OWL, DAML+OIL, and SHOE for expressing knowledge that has clear, unambiguous meanings. The first steps in searing the Semantic Web into the current Web are successfully underway. In the forthcoming years, these efforts still remain highly focused in the research and development community. In the next phase, the Semantic Web will respond more intelligently to user queries. The first chapter gets started with an excellent introduction to the Semantic Web vision. At first, today's Web is introduced, and problems with some current applications like search engines are also covered. Subsequently, knowledge management. business-to-consumer electronic commerce, business-to-business electronic commerce, and personal agents are used as examples to show the potential requirements for the Semantic Web. Next comes the brief description of the underpinning technologies, including metadata, ontology, logic, and agent. The differences between the Semantic Web and Artificial Intelligence are also discussed in a later subsection. In section 1.4, the famous "laser-cake" diagram is given to show a layered view of the Semantic Web. From chapter 2, the book starts addressing some of the most important technologies for constructing the Semantic Web. In chapter 2, the authors discuss XML and its related technologies such as namespaces, XPath, and XSLT. XML is a simple, very flexible text format which is often used for the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web and elsewhere. The W3C has defined various languages on top of XML, such as RDF. Although this chapter is very well planned and written, many details are not included because of the extensiveness of the XML technologies. Many other books on XML provide more comprehensive coverage.
The chapter on ontology engineering describes the development of ontology-based systems for the Web using manual and semiautomatic methods. Ontology is a concept similar to taxonomy. As stated in the introduction, ontology engineering deals with some of the methodological issues that arise when building ontologies, in particular, con-structing ontologies manually, reusing existing ontologies. and using semiautomatic methods. A medium-scale project is included at the end of the chapter. Overall the book is a nice introduction to the key components of the Semantic Web. The reading is quite pleasant, in part due to the concise layout that allows just enough content per page to facilitate readers' comprehension. Furthermore, the book provides a large number of examples, code snippets, exercises, and annotated online materials. Thus, it is very suitable for use as a textbook for undergraduates and low-grade graduates, as the authors say in the preface. However, I believe that not only students but also professionals in both academia and iudustry will benefit from the book. The authors also built an accompanying Web site for the book at http://www.semanticwebprimer.org. On the main page, there are eight tabs for each of the eight chapters. For each tabm the following sections are included: overview, example, presentations, problems and quizzes, errata, and links. These contents will greatly facilitate readers: for example, readers can open the listed links to further their readings. The vacancy of the errata sections also proves the quality of the book."

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Content

Inhalt: Boolean retrieval - The term vocabulary & postings lists - Dictionaries and tolerant retrieval - Index construction - Index compression - Scoring, term weighting & the vector space model - Computing scores in a complete search system - Evaluation in information retrieval - Relevance feedback & query expansion - XML retrieval - Probabilistic information retrieval - Language models for information retrieval - Text classification & Naive Bayes - Vector space classification - Support vector machines & machine learning on documents - Flat clustering - Hierarchical clustering - Matrix decompositions & latent semantic indexing - Web search basics - Web crawling and indexes - Link analysis Vgl. die digitale Fassung unter: http://nlp.stanford.edu/IR-book/pdf/irbookprint.pdf.

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Inhalt: SESSION: Building and using cultural digital libraries Primarily history: historians and the search for primary source materials (Helen R. Tibbo) - Using the Gamera framework for the recognition of cultural heritage materials (Michael Droettboom, Ichiro Fujinaga, Karl MacMillan, G. Sayeed Chouhury, Tim DiLauro, Mark Patton, Teal Anderson) - Supporting access to large digital oral history archives (Samuel Gustman, Dagobert Soergel, Douglas Oard, William Byrne, Michael Picheny, Bhuvana Ramabhadran, Douglas Greenberg) SESSION: Summarization and question answering Using sentence-selection heuristics to rank text segments in TXTRACTOR (Daniel McDonald, Hsinchun Chen) - Using librarian techniques in automatic text summarization for information retrieval (Min-Yen Kan, Judith L. Klavans) - QuASM: a system for question answering using semi-structured data (David Pinto, Michael Branstein, Ryan Coleman, W. Bruce Croft, Matthew King, Wei Li, Xing Wei) SESSION: Studying users Reading-in-the-small: a study of reading on small form factor devices (Catherine C. Marshall, Christine Ruotolo) - A graph-based recommender system for digital library (Zan Huang, Wingyan Chung, Thian-Huat Ong, Hsinchun Chen) - The effects of topic familiarity on information search behavior (Diane Kelly, Colleen Cool) SESSION: Classification and browsing A language modelling approach to relevance profiling for document browsing (David J. Harper, Sara Coulthard, Sun Yixing) - Compound descriptors in context: a matching function for classifications and thesauri (Douglas Tudhope, Ceri Binding, Dorothee Blocks, Daniel Cunliffe) - Structuring keyword-based queries for web databases (Rodrigo C. Vieira, Pavel Calado, Altigran S. da Silva, Alberto H. F. Laender, Berthier A. Ribeiro-Neto) - An approach to automatic classification of text for information retrieval (Hong Cui, P. Bryan Heidorn, Hong Zhang)
SESSION: A digital libraries for education Middle school children's use of the ARTEMIS digital library (June Abbas, Cathleen Norris, Elliott Soloway) - Partnership reviewing: a cooperative approach for peer review of complex educational resources (John Weatherley, Tamara Sumner, Michael Khoo, Michael Wright, Marcel Hoffmann) - A digital library for geography examination resources (Lian-Heong Chua, Dion Hoe-Lian Goh, Ee-Peng Lim, Zehua Liu, Rebecca Pei-Hui Ang) - Digital library services for authors of learning materials (Flora McMartin, Youki Terada) SESSION: Novel search environments Integration of simultaneous searching and reference linking across bibliographic resources on the web (William H. Mischo, Thomas G. Habing, Timothy W. Cole) - Exploring discussion lists: steps and directions (Paula S. Newman) - Comparison of two approaches to building a vertical search tool: a case study in the nanotechnology domain (Michael Chau, Hsinchun Chen, Jialun Qin, Yilu Zhou, Yi Qin, Wai-Ki Sung, Daniel McDonald) SESSION: Video and multimedia digital libraries A multilingual, multimodal digital video library system (Michael R. Lyu, Edward Yau, Sam Sze) - A digital library data model for music (Natalia Minibayeva, Jon W. Dunn) - Video-cuebik: adapting image search to video shots (Alexander G. Hauptmann, Norman D. Papernick) - Virtual multimedia libraries built from the web (Neil C. Rowe) - Multi-modal information retrieval from broadcast video using OCR and speech recognition (Alexander G. Hauptmann, Rong Jin, Tobun Dorbin Ng) SESSION: OAI application Extending SDARTS: extracting metadata from web databases and interfacing with the open archives initiative (Panagiotis G. Ipeirotis, Tom Barry, Luis Gravano) - Using the open archives initiative protocols with EAD (Christopher J. Prom, Thomas G. Habing) - Preservation and transition of NCSTRL using an OAI-based architecture (H. Anan, X. Liu, K. Maly, M. Nelson, M. Zubair, J. C. French, E. Fox, P. Shivakumar) - Integrating harvesting into digital library content (David A. Smith, Anne Mahoney, Gregory Crane) SESSION: Searching across language, time, and space Harvesting translingual vocabulary mappings for multilingual digital libraries (Ray R. Larson, Fredric Gey, Aitao Chen) - Detecting events with date and place information in unstructured text (David A. Smith) - Using sharable ontology to retrieve historical images (Von-Wun Soo, Chen-Yu Lee, Jaw Jium Yeh, Ching-chih Chen) - Towards an electronic variorum edition of Cervantes' Don Quixote:: visualizations that support preparation (Rajiv Kochumman, Carlos Monroy, Richard Furuta, Arpita Goenka, Eduardo Urbina, Erendira Melgoza)
SESSION: Federating and harvesting metadata DP9: an OAI gateway service for web crawlers (Xiaoming Liu, Kurt Maly, Mohammad Zubair, Michael L. Nelson) - The Greenstone plugin architecture (Ian H. Witten, David Bainbridge, Gordon Paynter, Stefan Boddie) - Building FLOW: federating libraries on the web (Anna Keller Gold, Karen S. Baker, Jean-Yves LeMeur, Kim Baldridge) - JAFER ToolKit project: interfacing Z39.50 and XML (Antony Corfield, Matthew Dovey, Richard Mawby, Colin Tatham) - Schema extraction from XML collections (Boris Chidlovskii) - Mirroring an OAI archive on the I2-DSI channel (Ashwini Pande, Malini Kothapalli, Ryan Richardson, Edward A. Fox) SESSION: Music digital libraries HMM-based musical query retrieval (Jonah Shifrin, Bryan Pardo, Colin Meek, William Birmingham) - A comparison of melodic database retrieval techniques using sung queries (Ning Hu, Roger B. Dannenberg) - Enhancing access to the levy sheet music collection: reconstructing full-text lyrics from syllables (Brian Wingenroth, Mark Patton, Tim DiLauro) - Evaluating automatic melody segmentation aimed at music information retrieval (Massimo Melucci, Nicola Orio) SESSION: Preserving, securing, and assessing digital libraries A methodology and system for preserving digital data (Raymond A. Lorie) - Modeling web data (James C. French) - An evaluation model for a digital library services tool (Jim Dorward, Derek Reinke, Mimi Recker) - Why watermark?: the copyright need for an engineering solution (Michael Seadle, J. R. Deller, Jr., Aparna Gurijala) SESSION: Image and cultural digital libraries Time as essence for photo browsing through personal digital libraries (Adrian Graham, Hector Garcia-Molina, Andreas Paepcke, Terry Winograd) - Toward a distributed terabyte text retrieval system in China-US million book digital library (Bin Liu, Wen Gao, Ling Zhang, Tie-jun Huang, Xiao-ming Zhang, Jun Cheng) - Enhanced perspectives for historical and cultural documentaries using informedia technologies (Howard D. Wactlar, Ching-chih Chen) - Interfaces for palmtop image search (Mark Derthick)
SESSION: Digital libraries for spatial data The ADEPT digital library architecture (Greg Janée, James Frew) - G-Portal: a map-based digital library for distributed geospatial and georeferenced resources (Ee-Peng Lim, Dion Hoe-Lian Goh, Zehua Liu, Wee-Keong Ng, Christopher Soo-Guan Khoo, Susan Ellen Higgins) PANEL SESSION: Panels You mean I have to do what with whom: statewide museum/library DIGI collaborative digitization projects---the experiences of California, Colorado & North Carolina (Nancy Allen, Liz Bishoff, Robin Chandler, Kevin Cherry) - Overcoming impediments to effective health and biomedical digital libraries (William Hersh, Jan Velterop, Alexa McCray, Gunther Eynsenbach, Mark Boguski) - The challenges of statistical digital libraries (Cathryn Dippo, Patricia Cruse, Ann Green, Carol Hert) - Biodiversity and biocomplexity informatics: policy and implementation science versus citizen science (P. Bryan Heidorn) - Panel on digital preservation (Joyce Ray, Robin Dale, Reagan Moore, Vicky Reich, William Underwood, Alexa T. McCray) - NSDL: from prototype to production to transformational national resource (William Y. Arms, Edward Fox, Jeanne Narum, Ellen Hoffman) - How important is metadata? (Hector Garcia-Molina, Diane Hillmann, Carl Lagoze, Elizabeth Liddy, Stuart Weibel) - Planning for future digital libraries programs (Stephen M. Griffin) DEMONSTRATION SESSION: Demonstrations u.a.: FACET: thesaurus retrieval with semantic term expansion (Douglas Tudhope, Ceri Binding, Dorothee Blocks, Daniel Cunliffe) - MedTextus: an intelligent web-based medical meta-search system (Bin Zhu, Gondy Leroy, Hsinchun Chen, Yongchi Chen) POSTER SESSION: Posters TUTORIAL SESSION: Tutorials u.a.: Thesauri and ontologies in digital libraries: 1. structure and use in knowledge-based assistance to users (Dagobert Soergel) - How to build a digital library using open-source software (Ian H. Witten) - Thesauri and ontologies in digital libraries: 2. design, evaluation, and development (Dagobert Soergel) WORKSHOP SESSION: Workshops Document search interface design for large-scale collections and intelligent access (Javed Mostafa) - Visual interfaces to digital libraries (Katy Börner, Chaomei Chen) - Text retrieval conference (TREC) genomics pre-track workshop (William Hersh)

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Abstract

The author systematically introduces the notion of ontologies to the non-expert reader and demonstrates in detail how to apply this conceptual framework for improved intranet retrieval of corporate information and knowledge and for enhanced Internetbased electronic commerce. He also describes ontology languages (XML, RDF, and OWL) and ontology tools, and the application of ontologies. In addition to structural improvements, the second edition covers recent developments relating to the Semantic Web, and emerging web-based standard languages.

Classification

004.67/8 22

DDC

004.67/8 22

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Content

Key Features e Helps to summarise and explain the basic issues - Covers both benefits and challenges likely to be encountered in implementing an Information Retrieval system - Provides both a theoretical grounding and practical approaches to real-world problems in the use of Decision Intelligence. The Author Dr Brown is a founder of APR Smartlogik. He has lectured extensively, an an international basis, an Information Retrieval and Decision Intelligence and has worked with a range of companies and organisations. Readership The book is aimed at staff at all managerial and supervisory levels in private and public sector organisations Contents Understanding the individual - how technology elicits and processes information about people The Digital You - creatiog automated agents that act in accordance with and an behalf of the individual AI technologies - simple explanatory overview of how they work, and some limitations The sea of data - the nature of information, its explosive growth and how it threatens to overwhelm us Extracting the meaning of information Decision intelligence applications - how we maximise use of this technology an data for people Practical applications - examples of the technology in use; the limits of human decision making: where people become inefficient and require automated assistance The limits of automated decision making - where technology currently becomms ineffective The future of decision intelligence technology: short and long term developments

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Abstract

Improvements in network bandwidth along with dramatic drops in digital storage and processing costs have resulted in the explosive growth of multimedia (combinations of text, image, audio, and video) resources on the Internet and in digital repositories. A suite of computer technologies delivering speech, image, and natural language understanding can automatically derive descriptive metadata for such resources. Difficulties for end users ensue, however, with the tremendous volume and varying quality of automated metadata for multimedia information systems. This lecture surveys automatic metadata creation methods for dealing with multimedia information resources, using broadcast news, documentaries, and oral histories as examples. Strategies for improving the utility of such metadata are discussed, including computationally intensive approaches, leveraging multimodal redundancy, folding in context, and leaving precision-recall tradeoffs under user control. Interfaces building from automatically generated metadata are presented, illustrating the use of video surrogates in multimedia information systems. Traditional information retrieval evaluation is discussed through the annual National Institute of Standards and Technology TRECVID forum, with experiments on exploratory search extending the discussion beyond fact-finding to broader, longer term search activities of learning, analysis, synthesis, and discovery.

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Abstract

This paper presents an overview of the development of current practice in information literacy education in tertiary institutions in South Africa. The policy framework affecting information literacy is examined from multiple perspectives. An examination of the literature identifies key concerns that are used in the compilation of a small survey instrument to establish current practice. The impact of institutional policies, finding educational strategies that meet the identified objectives of information literacy, diversity in students' backgrounds and abilities, and ultimately the assessment of performance all emerged as significant. The concept of multiliteracies is suggested as a useful approach to conceptualizing information literacy as central to student learning. Future directions are suggested.

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Footnote

Some of the pieces are more captivating than others and less "how-to" in nature, providing contextual discussions as well as pragmatic advice. For example, Darlene Fichter's "Blogging Your Life Away" is an interesting discussion about creating and maintaining blogs. (For those unfamiliar with the term, blogs are frequently updated Web pages that ]ist thematically tied annotated links or lists, such as a blog of "Great Websites of the Week" or of "Fun Things to Do This Month in Patterson, New Jersey.") Fichter's article includes descriptions of sample blogs and a comparison of commercially available blog creation software. Another article of note is Kelly Broughton's detailed account of her library's experiences in initiating Web-based reference in an academic library. "Our Experiment in Online Real-Time Reference" details the decisions and issues that the Jerome Library staff at Bowling Green State University faced in setting up a chat reference service. It might be useful to those finding themselves in the same situation. This volume is at its best when it eschews pragmatic information and delves into the deeper, less ephemeral libraryrelated issues created by the rise of the Internet and of the Web. One of the most thought-provoking topics covered is the issue of "the serials pricing crisis," or the increase in subscription prices to journals that publish scholarly work. The pros and cons of moving toward a more free-access Web-based system for the dissemination of peer-reviewed material and of using university Web sites to house scholars' other works are discussed. However, deeper discussions such as these are few, leaving the volume subject to rapid aging, and leaving it with an audience limited to librarians looking for fast technological fixes."

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Date

25. 3.2003 15:35:22

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Date

27.11.2005 18:04:22