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Boczkowski, P.; Mitchelstein, E.: ¬The digital environment : How we live, learn, work, and play now (2021) 0.06
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Abstract

Increasingly we live through our personal screens; we work, play, socialize, and learn digitally. The shift to remote everything during the pandemic was another step in a decades-long march toward the digitization of everyday life made possible by innovations in media, information, and communication technology. In The Digital Environment, Pablo Boczkowski and Eugenia Mitchelstein offer a new way to understand the role of the digital in our daily lives, calling on us to turn our attention from our discrete devices and apps to the array of artifacts and practices that make up the digital environment that envelops every aspect of our social experience. Boczkowski and Mitchelstein explore a series of issues raised by the digital takeover of everyday life, drawing on interviews with a variety of experts. They show how existing inequities of gender, race, ethnicity, education, and class are baked into the design and deployment of technology, and describe emancipatory practices that counter this--including the use of Twitter as a platform for activism through such hashtags as #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo. They discuss the digitization of parenting, schooling, and dating--noting, among other things, that today we can both begin and end relationships online. They describe how digital media shape our consumption of sports, entertainment, and news, and consider the dynamics of political campaigns, disinformation, and social activism. Finally, they report on developments in three areas that will be key to our digital future: data science, virtual reality, and space exploration.

Content

1. Three Environments, One Life -- Part I: Foundations -- 2. Mediatization -- 3. Algorithms -- 4. Race and Ethnicity -- 5. Gender -- Part II: Institutions -- 6. Parenting -- 7. Schooling -- 8. Working -- 9. Dating -- Part III: Leisure -- 10. Sports -- 11. Televised Entertainment -- 12. News -- Part IV: Politics -- 13. Misinformation and Disinformation -- 14. Electoral Campaigns -- 15. Activism -- Part V: Innovations -- 16. Data Science -- 17. Virtual Reality -- 18. Space Exploration -- 19. Bricks and Cracks in the Digital Environment

Date

22. 6.2023 18:25:18
Aral, S.: ¬The hype machine : how social media disrupts our elections, our economy, and our health - and how we must adapt (2020) 0.03
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Abstract

Social media connected the world--and gave rise to fake news and increasing polarization. Now a leading researcher at MIT draws on 20 years of research to show how these trends threaten our political, economic, and emotional health in this eye-opening exploration of the dark side of technological progress. Today we have the ability, unprecedented in human history, to amplify our interactions with each other through social media. It is paramount, MIT social media expert Sinan Aral says, that we recognize the outsized impact social media has on our culture, our democracy, and our lives in order to steer today's social technology toward good, while avoiding the ways it can pull us apart. Otherwise, we could fall victim to what Aral calls "The Hype Machine." As a senior researcher of the longest-running study of fake news ever conducted, Aral found that lies spread online farther and faster than the truth--a harrowing conclusion that was featured on the cover of Science magazine. Among the questions Aral explores following twenty years of field research: Did Russian interference change the 2016 election? And how is it affecting the vote in 2020? Why does fake news travel faster than the truth online? How do social ratings and automated sharing determine which products succeed and fail? How does social media affect our kids? First, Aral links alarming data and statistics to three accelerating social media shifts: hyper-socialization, personalized mass persuasion, and the tyranny of trends. Next, he grapples with the consequences of the Hype Machine for elections, businesses, dating, and health. Finally, he maps out strategies for navigating the Hype Machine, offering his singular guidance for managing social media to fulfill its promise going forward. Rarely has a book so directly wrestled with the secret forces that drive the news cycle every day"
Rubel, A.; Castro, C.; Pham, A.: Algorithms and autonomy : the ethics of automated decision systems (2021) 0.03
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Abstract

Algorithms influence every facet of modern life: criminal justice, education, housing, entertainment, elections, social media, news feeds, work... the list goes on. Delegating important decisions to machines, however, gives rise to deep moral concerns about responsibility, transparency, freedom, fairness, and democracy. Algorithms and Autonomy connects these concerns to the core human value of autonomy in the contexts of algorithmic teacher evaluation, risk assessment in criminal sentencing, predictive policing, background checks, news feeds, ride-sharing platforms, social media, and election interference. Using these case studies, the authors provide a better understanding of machine fairness and algorithmic transparency. They explain why interventions in algorithmic systems are necessary to ensure that algorithms are not used to control citizens' participation in politics and undercut democracy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core

Hemel, U.: Kritik der digitalen Vernunft : warum Humanität der Maßstab sein muss (2020) 0.02

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Footnote: Vgl. auch: https://weltethos-institut.org/news/pressespiegel-kritik-der-digitalen-vernunft/.

Nguyen-Kim, M.T.: ¬Die kleinste gemeinsame Wirklichkeit : wahr, falsch, plausibel? : die größten Streitfragen wissenschaftlich geprüft (2021) 0.02

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PRECIS: Fake news
Subject: Fake news

Bogner, A.: ¬Die Epistemisierung des Politischen : wie die Macht des Wissens die Demokratie gefährdet (2021) 0.01
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Abstract

Ob Impfdebatte, Corona- oder Klimakrise - viele politische Streitfragen werden heute als Wissenskonflikte verhandelt. Man beschäftigt sich immer weniger mit normativen Aspekten und individuellen Handlungsoptionen, sondern streitet um die überlegenen Erkenntnisse: Wer am genauesten mit den Ergebnissen der Wissenschaft übereinstimmt, so die implizite Annahme, der verfügt damit auch über Lösungen, die dann alternativlos sind. Alexander Bogner untersucht diese Fixierung auf Wissensfragen und ihre Folgen. Dabei wird deutlich, dass diese »Epistemisierung des Politischen« gefährlicher für unsere Demokratie ist als das leicht durchschaubare Spiel mit Fake News und Twitter-Lügen. Die Hochkonjunktur von Verschwörungsideologien und alternativen Fakten, über die alles gesagt zu sein scheint, erscheint unter diesen Vorzeichen in völlig neuem Licht.
Fielitz, M.; Marcks, H.: Digitaler Faschismus : die sozialen Medien afs Motor des Rechtsextremismus (2020) 0.01
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Abstract

Digitale Revolution: Chance oder Gefahr für die Demokratie? Einst galten das Internet und die sozialen Medien als Chance auf unbegrenzten Zugang zu Wissen - und damit als Basis für eine neue Hochphase der demokratischen Debattenkultur. Doch stattdessen sind wir heute mit Hass im Netz, Fake-News und Verschwörungstheorien konfrontiert. Rechte Parteien und Organisationen wie die AfD, Pegida und die Identitäre Bewegung können fast ungehindert ihre Ideologien verbreiten. Doch dabei handelt es sich nicht um eine reine »Online-Radikalisierung«. Das beweist die Welle rechtsmotivierter Gewalt wie die Anschläge von Halle und Hanau und eine wachsende Akzeptanz rechter Positionen in der Bevölkerung. Maik Fielitz und Holger Marcks analysieren diese Entwicklung und gehen den Ursachen auf den Grund: Die Rolle der sozialen Medien beim Erstarken des Ultranationalismus und rechts motivierter Straftaten Die Manipulationstechniken der Rechtsextremen: Verwirrung stiften, Ängste schüren und Mehrheitsverhältnisse verzerren Rechtsextreme Kommunikation im Internet: Verschwörungstheorien, Bedrohungsmythen, Lügen und Hassbotschaften Die sozialen Medien als digitaler Brandbeschleuniger: Fakten, Hintergründe und Analysen Selbstregulation oder politische Eingriffe? Auswege aus der digitalen Hasskultur Die autoritäre Revolte stellt eine große Herausforderung für Demokratien und offene Gesellschaften dar. Wie können wir rechtsextremen Tendenzen begegnen? Politik aber auch Internetkonzerne sind aufgerufen, zu handeln. Wie lässt sich der »digitale Faschismus« bändigen, ohne unser Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung einzuschränken? Diese Fragen diskutieren Maik Fielitz und Holger Marcks intensiv. Sie untersuchen die manipulativen Strategien und psychologischen Tricks der rechtsextremen Akteure und zeigen mögliche Auswege aus der Misere. Ihr Sachbuch ist ein wichtiger Beitrag zur politischen Debatte!
Ein neuer Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit? (2021) 0.01
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Content

Inhalt: Martin Seeliger & Sebastian Sevignani: Zum Verhältnis von Öffentlichkeit und Demokratie. Ein neuer Strukturwandel? - Sebastian Sevignani: Ideologische Öffentlichkeit im digitalen Strukturwandel - Silke van Dyk: Die Krise der Faktizität und die Zukunft der Demokratie Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit in Zeiten von Fake News, Technokratie und Wahrheitskritik - Timon Beyes: Strukturwandel des Geheimen: Öffentlichkeit im Überwachungskapitalismus - Ulrich Brinkmann & Heiner Heiland: Rationalisierung statt Rationalität - Betriebliche Öffentlichkeiten zwischen Refeudalisierung und Revitalisierung -Nancy Fraser: Neue Überlegungen zur Transnationalisierung der Öffentlichkeit - Michael Zürn: Öffentlichkeit und Global Governance - Donatella della Porta: ESSAY: Progressive Soziale Bewegungen und europäische Öffentlichkeit - Tanja Thomas & Fabian Virchow: Hegemoniales Hören und Doing Memory an rechte Gewalt Verhandlungen politischer Kultur der Bundesrepublik in (medialen) Öffentlichkeiten - Sandra Kostner & Christof Roos: Identitatspolitik als neue Dynamik im Strukturwandel der Offentlichkeit - Egalitäre Zugänge für Individuen oder für Merkmalsgruppen? - Hartmut Rosa: Demokratischer Begegnungsraum oder lebensweltliche Filterblase? Resonanztheoretische Überlegungen zum Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit im 21 Jahrhundert - Philipp Staab & Thorsten Thiel: Privatisierung ohne Privatismus. Soziale Medien im digitalen Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit - Claudia Ritzi: Libration im Öffentlichkeitsuniversum Anziehung und Kräfteausgleich in der digitalisierten Kommunikationsstruktur: Felix Maschewski & Anna- Verena Nosthoff: Der plattformökonomische Infrastrukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit: Facebook und Cambridge Analytica revisited - Markus Baum & Martin Seeliger: Donald Trumps Twitter-Sperre - Otfried Jarren & Renate Fischer: Die Plattformisierung von Öffentlichkeit und der Relevanzverlust des Journalismus als demokratische Herausforderung - Hans-Jörg Trenz: Offentlichkeitstheorie als Erkenntnistheorie moderner Gesellschaft - Georg Kriicken: Imaginierte Öffentlichkeiten -- Zum Strukturwandel von Hochschule und Wissenschaft - Leonhard Dobusch & Maximilian Heimstädt: Strukturwandel der wissenschaftlichen Öffentlichkeit. Konstitution und Konsequenzen des Open-Access-Pfades - Martin Seeliger & Sebastian Sevignani: Dem Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit auf der Spur: Die Beiträge des Bandes in der Zusammenschau - Jürgen Habermas: Überlegungen und Hypothesen zu einem erneuten Strukturwandel der politischen Öffentlichkeit.
Bedford, D.: Knowledge architectures : structures and semantics (2021) 0.01
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Content

Section 1 Context and purpose of knowledge architecture -- 1 Making the case for knowledge architecture -- 2 The landscape of knowledge assets -- 3 Knowledge architecture and design -- 4 Knowledge architecture reference model -- 5 Knowledge architecture segments -- Section 2 Designing for availability -- 6 Knowledge object modeling -- 7 Knowledge structures for encoding, formatting, and packaging -- 8 Functional architecture for identification and distinction -- 9 Functional architectures for knowledge asset disposition and destruction -- 10 Functional architecture designs for knowledge preservation and conservation -- Section 3 Designing for accessibility -- 11 Functional architectures for knowledge seeking and discovery -- 12 Functional architecture for knowledge search -- 13 Functional architecture for knowledge categorization -- 14 Functional architectures for indexing and keywording -- 15 Functional architecture for knowledge semantics -- 16 Functional architecture for knowledge abstraction and surrogation -- Section 4 Functional architectures to support knowledge consumption -- 17 Functional architecture for knowledge augmentation, derivation, and synthesis -- 18 Functional architecture to manage risk and harm -- 19 Functional architectures for knowledge authentication and provenance -- 20 Functional architectures for securing knowledge assets -- 21 Functional architectures for authorization and asset management -- Section 5 Pulling it all together - the big picture knowledge architecture -- 22 Functional architecture for knowledge metadata and metainformation -- 23 The whole knowledge architecture - pulling it all together

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