Search (637 results, page 1 of 32)

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COMPASS

Computers

LCSH

Electronic analog computers / History

Subject

Electronic analog computers / History
Computers

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Footnote

Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].

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Abstract

An argument that information exists at different levels of analysis-syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic-and an exploration of the implications. Although this is the Information Age, there is no universal agreement about what information really is. Different disciplines view information differently; engineers, computer scientists, economists, linguists, and philosophers all take varying and apparently disconnected approaches. In this book, Antonio Badia distinguishes four levels of analysis brought to bear on information: syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and network-based. Badia explains each of these theoretical approaches in turn, discussing, among other topics, theories of Claude Shannon and Andrey Kolomogorov, Fred Dretske's description of information flow, and ideas on receiver impact and informational interactions. Badia argues that all these theories describe the same phenomena from different perspectives, each one narrower than the previous one. The syntactic approach is the more general one, but it fails to specify when information is meaningful to an agent, which is the focus of the semantic and pragmatic approaches. The network-based approach, meanwhile, provides a framework to understand information use among agents. Badia then explores the consequences of understanding information as existing at several levels. Humans live at the semantic and pragmatic level (and at the network level as a society), computers at the syntactic level. This sheds light on some recent issues, including "fake news" (computers cannot tell whether a statement is true or not, because truth is a semantic notion) and "algorithmic bias" (a pragmatic, not syntactic concern). Humans, not computers, the book argues, have the ability to solve these issues.

Content

Introduction -- Information as codes : Shannon, Kolmogorov and the start of it all -- Information as content : semantics, possible worlds and all that jazz -- Information as pragmatics : impact and consequences -- Information as communication : networks and the phenomenon of emergence -- Will the real information please stand up? -- Is Shannon's theory a theory of information? -- Computers and information I : what can computers do? -- Computers and information II : machine learning, big data and algorithic bias -- Humans and information --Conclusions : where from here?

Series

History and foundations of information science

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Date

22. 4.2007 12:26:52

LCSH

Computers

Subject

Computers

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Content

Enthält u.a. die Beiträge: Fugmann, R.: Learning the lessons of the past; Davis, C.H.: Indexing and index editing at Chemical Abstracts before the Registry System; Roe , E.M.: Abstracts and indexes to branded full text: what's in a name?; Lynch, M.F.: Introduction of computers in chemical structure information systems, or what is not recorded in the annals; Baatz, S.: Medical science and medical informatics: The visible human project, 1986-2000.

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems / Congresses / Science / History
Information storage and retrieval systems / Congresses / Technology / History

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems / Congresses / Science / History
Information storage and retrieval systems / Congresses / Technology / History

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Abstract

The entries, in alphabetical order, cover people, organizations, and technology, including terms and their concepts as having become known up to April 1993. The dictionary contains very short and very long entries, some of them are repeated in different combinations, such as 'Artificial intelligence (AI)' which is combines in separate entries with - expert systems - history - inference - information retrieval applications - knowledge bases - natural language - shells and chaining - software and hardware trends - vision systems. There is no entry for 'index', however many for 'indexing' (7 columns for the concept as such) and combinations, such as Indexing - automatic, - coordinate indexing, - online systems, - system performance, exhaustivity and specifity, - system performance, recall and prescision, - thesauri. Some 5.000 terms, including abbreviations are related to their concepts and are explained and described

LCSH

Computers / Dictionaries

Subject

Computers / Dictionaries

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COMPASS

Computers / Use of / Natural language

Series

Ellis Horwood series in computers and their applications

Subject

Computers / Use of / Natural language

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COMPASS

Libraries / On-line computers

Footnote

Rez. in: Computers in libraries 12(1992) no.2, S.46 (W.E. Drew)

Series

Supplements to computers in libraries; 32

Subject

Libraries / On-line computers

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LCSH

Programming languages (Electronic computers) / Syntax
Programming languages (Electronic computers) / Semantics

Subject

Programming languages (Electronic computers) / Syntax
Programming languages (Electronic computers) / Semantics

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COMPASS

Computers / Networks

Subject

Computers / Networks

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COMPASS

Translation / Use of / Computers

Subject

Translation / Use of / Computers

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COMPASS

Serials / Compact discs (Computers)

Series

Computers in libraries: Suppl.48

Subject

Serials / Compact discs (Computers)

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COMPASS

Information retrieval / Use of / On-line computers

Subject

Information retrieval / Use of / On-line computers

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Footnote

Rez. in: Computers in libraries 12(1992) no.9, S.70-71 (R. Johnson); IfB 2(1994) H.3/4, S.472-473 (C. Dietz)

Series

Supplements to computers in libraries; 55

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COMPASS

Libraries / Use of / Computers

Subject

Libraries / Use of / Computers

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COMPASS

Computers / Networks

Subject

Computers / Networks

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Abstract

Der Umfang des Grundwerks beträgt 24 Bände; Konzeption analog zur 19.Aufl.; 20% der Artikel sollen überarbeitet sein; Rechtschreibung erfolgt nach neuen Regeln

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COMPASS

Information retrieval / Use of / Compact discs (Computers)
Information retrieval / Use of / On-line computers

Subject

Information retrieval / Use of / Compact discs (Computers)
Information retrieval / Use of / On-line computers

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LCSH

Computers / History

Subject

Computers / History

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Abstract

What do primordial bacteria, medieval alchemists, and the World Wide Web have to do with each other? This fascinating exploration of how information systems emerge takes readers on a provocative journey through the history of the information age. Today's "information explosion" may seem like an acutely modern phenomenon, but we are not the first generation - nor even the first species - to wrestle with the problem of information overload. Long before the advent of computers, human beings were collecting, storing, and organizing information: from Ice Age taxonomies to Sumerian archives, Greek libraries to Dark Age monasteries. Today, we stand at a precipice, as our old systems struggle to cope with what designer Richard Saul Wurman called a "tsunami of data."With some historical perspective, however, we can begin to understand our predicament not just as the result of technological change, but as the latest chapter in an ancient story that we are only beginning to understand. Spanning disciplines from evolutionary theory and cultural anthropology to the history of books, libraries, and computer science, writer and information architect Alex Wright weaves an intriguing narrative that connects such seemingly far-flung topics as insect colonies, Stone Age jewelry, medieval monasteries, Renaissance encyclopedias, early computer networks, and the World Wide Web. Finally, he pulls these threads together to reach a surprising conclusion, suggesting that the future of the information age may lie deep in our cultural past. To counter the billions of pixels that have been spent on the rise of the seemingly unique World Wide Web, journalist and information architect Wright delivers a fascinating tour of the many ways that humans have collected, organized and shared information for more than 100,000 years to show how the information age started long before microchips or movable type. A self-described generalist who displays an easy familiarity with evolutionary biology and cultural anthropology as well as computer science and technology, Wright explores the many and varied roots of the Web, including how the structure of family relationships from Greek times, among others, has exerted a profound influence on the shape and structure of human information systems. He discusses how the violent history of libraries is the best lesson in how hierarchical systems collapse and give rise to new systems, and how the new technology of the book introduced the notion of random access to information. And he focuses on the work of many now obscure information-gathering pioneers such as John Wilkins and his Universal Categories and Paul Otlet, the Internet's forgotten forefather, who anticipated many of the problems bedeviling the Web today. (Publishers Weekly)

LCSH

Information organization / History
Information storage and retrieval systems / History
Information society / History

Subject

Information organization / History
Information storage and retrieval systems / History
Information society / History