Search (44 results, page 1 of 3)

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Abstract

Searches conducted as part of the MEDLINE/Full-Text Research Project revealed that the full-text data bases of clinical medical journal articles (CCML (Comprehensive Core Medical Library) from BRS Information Technologies, and MEDIS from Mead Data Central) did not retrieve all the relevant citations. An analysis of the data indicated that 204 relevant citations were retrieved only by MEDLINE. A comparison of the strategies used on the full-text data bases with the text of the articles of these 204 citations revealed that 2 reasons contributed to these failure. The searcher often constructed a restrictive strategy which resulted in the loss of relevant documents; and as in other kinds of retrieval, the problems of natural language caused the loss of relevant documents.

Date

9. 1.1996 10:22:31

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Abstract

Problems of indexing and searching free-text data bases are discussed in detail. The possibilities and limitations of Boolean searching are shown. An experimental system COPSY (Context operator syntax) that was built in order to avoid common errors connected with Boolean search is outlined. This system permits, as input, any natural language search question formulation and yields, as output, documents ranked on the basis of an automatically calculated correspondence between natural language search questions and content-based analysis of documents. COPSY is part of a text processing project at Siemens AG called TINA (Text-Inhalts-Analyse...). Software from TINA is actually being applied and evaluated by the US Department of Commerce for patent searching and indexing.

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Content

Entählt u.a. die Beiträge: CLEVERDON, C.: Optimizing convenient online access to bibliographic databases; SALTON, G.: Automatic indexing and abstracting; HARTER, S.P.: Statistical approaches to automatic indexing; WALKER, S.: Improving subject access painlessly: recent work on the OKAPI online catalogue projects; SPARCK JONES, K.: A statistical interpretation of term specifity and its application in retrieval; CROFT, W.B. u. D.J. HARPER: Using probabilistic model of document retrieval without relevance information; BERSTEIN, L. u. R.E. WILLIAMSON: Testing of a natural language retrieval system for a full text knowledge base; FRAKES, W.B.: Term conflation for information retrieval; PORTER, M. u. V. GALPIN: Relevance feedback in a public access catalogue for a research library: MUSCAT at the Scott Polar Institute; SALTON, G. u. M.J. McGILL: The SMART and SIRE experimental retrieval systems; BRZOZOWSKI, J.P. MASQUERADE: searching full text of abstracts using automatic indexing; DOSZKOCS, T.E.: CITE NLM: Natural-language searching in an online catalog

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Abstract

The Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) was designed as a comprehensive vocabulary in its domain. Its faceted, hierarchically arranged structure allows for powerful indexing and retrieval capabilities, while its planned network of related term relationships makes it especially amenable to natural language processing. To gauge the AAT's effectiveness as a search tool against natural language queries, an experiment was carried out on DIALOG. There are 3 art data bases on DIALOG and there are also a number of other data bases that contain art related material. The experiment used queries culled from reference librarians at art and architecture libraries.

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: ADDIS, T.: Extended relational analysis: a design approach to knowledge-based systems; PARKINSON, D.: Supercomputers and non-numeric processing; McGREGOR, D.R. u. J.R. MALONE: An architectural approach to advances in information retrieval; ALLEN, M.J. u. O.S. HARRISON: Word processing and information retrieval: some practical problems; MURTAGH, F.: Clustering and nearest neighborhood searching; ENSER, P.G.B.: Experimenting with the automatic classification of books; TESKEY, N. u. Z. RAZAK: An analysis of ranking for free text retrieval systems; ZARRI, G.P.: Interactive information retrieval: an artificial intelligence approach to deal with biographical data; HANCOX, P. u. F. SMITH: A case system processor for the PRECIS indexing language; ROUAULT, J.: Linguistic methods in information retrieval systems; ARAGON-RAMIREZ, V. u. C.D. PAICE: Design of a system for the online elucidation of natural language search statements; BROOKS, H.M., P.J. DANIELS u. N.J. BELKIN: Problem descriptions and user models: developing an intelligent interface for document retrieval systems; BLACK, W.J., P. HARGREAVES u. P.B. MAYES: HEADS: a cataloguing advisory system; BELL, D.A.: An architecture for integrating data, knowledge, and information bases

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this reader is to assemble in one place those writings considered to have made significant impact an subject analysis. The items selected are considered to contain thoughts and ideas that best illustrate the courses that subject analysis has taken over the years and that shed light an future directions. Most of the writings in this collection have been widely cited and are well known. Many of them were originally published in books that are no longer in print; others appeared in journals that are not easily accessible to many readers. Reprinting these writings in one collection serves two purposes: it makes them readily available for the study and teaching of subject analysis and it shows the genesis and development of some of the most significant ideas in the field.
Definition and Scope For the purpose of this reader, subject analysis is understood to encompass vocabulary structuring and subject indexing. Vocabulary structuring refers to the constructing of tools, such as classifications, subject heading lists, and thesauri, designed to facilitate the organization and retrieval of information. These tools, though called by different names, are similar in that they structure or control the basic vocabulary of a subject index language by 1) stipulating terms that may be used in the classing or indexing of documents and 2) displaying semantic relationships, such as hierarchy and synonymy, that obtain between these terms. They differ in the kinds of terms and relationships they recognize and in the manner in which these are displayed. Subject indexing refers to the application of a vocabulary, which may be more or less well structured, to indicate the content or aboutness of documents. Traditionally subject indexing limits its domain to only certain types of documents, such as passages within books (back-of-book indexing) or periodical articles, and the expression it uses to only certain types of strings, for example, descriptors or index terms as opposed to subject headings or class numbers. However, in a generalized and more modern sense, subject indexing refers to the indication of the theme or topic of any document, indeed any retrieval artifact, by any meaningful string of alphanumeric characters. The value of construing the meaning of subject analysis broadly is threefold: it permits comparing a variety of approaches to subject analysis; it permits generalizing about these approaches at a relatively high descriptive level, so that principles and objectives are shown in relief; and, most importantly perhaps, it permits a unified view of the traditional and information scientific approaches to subject analysis.
Criteria for Selection In selecting the writings to be included in this reader, we have followed the criteria listed below: 1. Theoretical emphasis. Our focus is an theoretical and philosophical aspects rather than practical or technical considerations. In a number of cases, where several authors have written an the same subject or idea or expressed similar thoughts, the originator of the idea, if this could be determined, was selected. 2. Significance and impact. Our most important criterion is the significance of a particular piece or the contribution that it has made in the field of subject analysis. The impact of the ideas or concepts an subsequent practice in subject analysis has also been considered. 3. Perspicuity. Where multiple choices were available an a particular topic or area, our tendency was to exclude the writings that are obscure or highly technical and would require a high degree of tech nical sophistication an the part of the reader. Comprehensibility and clarity of style were often our guide. Based an the criteria stated above, the following types of writings have generally been excluded: review articles, the how-to-do-it type of writings, and textbook materials. In a way, it would probably be easier to defend the writings that have been included than to justify the exclusions. In a small volume containing writings chosen from a vast amount of available material, it is virtually impossible to arrive at a collection that will satisfy every reader. Each person has his or her own preferences or criteria. Inevitably, personal bias comes into play in assembling such a reader. At least, we hope that in this case the collective bias of three individuals rather than one has helped to provide a certain degree of balance. A number of writings originally selected for inclusion were omitted because of space limitation or failure to secure permission to reprint.

Content

Eine exzellente (und durch die Herausgeber kommentierte) Zusammenstellung und Wiedergabe folgender Originalbeiträge: CUTTER, C.A.: Subjects; DEWEY, M.: Decimal classification and relativ index: introduction; HOPWOOD, H.V.: Dewey expanded; HULME, E.W.: Principles of book classification; KAISER, J.O.: Systematic indexing; MARTEL, C.: Classification: a brief conspectus of present day library practice; BLISS, H.E.: A bibliographic classification: principles and definitions; RANGANATHAN, S.R.: Facet analysis: fundamental categories; PETTEE, J.: The subject approach to books and the development of the dictionary catalog; PETTEE, J.: Fundamental principles of the dictionary catalog; PETTEE, J.: Public libraries and libraries as purveyors of information; HAYKIN, D.J.: Subject headings: fundamental concepts; TAUBE, M.: Functional approach to bibliographic organization: a critique and a proposal; VICKERY, B.C.: Systematic subject indexing; FEIBLEMAN, J.K.: Theory of integrative levels; GARFIELD, E.: Citation indexes for science; CRG: The need for a faceted classification as the basis of all methods of information retrieval; LUHN, H.P.: Keyword-in-context index for technical literature; COATES, E.J.: Significance and term relationship in compound headings; FARRADANE, J.E.L.: Fundamental fallacies and new needs in classification; FOSKETT, D.J.: Classification and integrative levels; CLEVERDON, C.W. u. J. MILLS: The testing of index language devices; MOOERS, C.N.: The indexing language of an information retrieval system; NEEDHAM, R.M. u. K. SPARCK JONES: Keywords and clumps; ROLLING, L.: The role of graphic display of concept relationships in indexing and retrieval vocabularies; BORKO, H.: Research in computer based classification systems; WILSON, P.: Subjects and the sense of position; LANCASTER, F.W.: Evaluating the performance of a large computerized information system; SALTON, G.: Automatic processing of foreign language documents; FAIRTHORNE, R.A.: Temporal structure in bibliographic classification; AUSTIN, D. u. J.A. DIGGER: PRECIS: The Preserved Context Index System; FUGMANN, R.: The complementarity of natural and indexing languages

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: D. BATTY: The future of DDC in the perspective of current classification research; I. DAHLBERG: Concept and definiton theory; I.L. TRAVIS: Application of artificial intelligence to bibliographic classification; E. SVENONIUS: An ideal classification for an on-line catalog; K. MARKEY u. A.N. DEMEYER: The concept of common subject headings in subject outline searching; N. WILLIAMSON: The Library of Congress Classification in the Computer age; D.S. SCOTT: Subject classification and natural-language processing for retrieval in large databases; F. MIKSA: Shifting directions in LIS classification; C. MANDEL: A computer age classification: implications for library practice; R.S. HALSEY: Implications of classification theory in the computer age for educators of librarians and information science professionals; J. HOLIDAY: Subject access: new technology and philosophical perspectives

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: GROLIER, E. de: Classifications as a cultural artefacts; FOSKETT, D.J., S. BURY: Concept organisation and universal classification systems; ROLLAND-THOMAS, P.: Towards the establishment of the validity of encyclopedic library classification systems; KASHYAP, C.M.M.: General theory of measurement and theory of subjects; WELLISCH, H.H.: A new classification of the world's language; MILLS, J.: Practice and theory in a general classification: the new BLISS Classification (BC2); GOPINATH, M.A.: Application of general systems theory to the classification theory of Ranganathan; AUSTIN, D.: Basic concept classes and primitive relations; FELBER; H., W. NEDOBITY: The basis of Wüster's classification research; EISENWORT, W.: Remarks on certain foundational problems of a general theory of terminology; GÖDERT, W.: Library subject analysis in tension between universality and subject specialty; WAHLIN, E.: Analysis of different ordering principles in the area 'technology' (T), 'industry' (I) and 'material culture' (M) - the TIM project; SVENONIUS, E.: Indexical contents; BHATTACHARYYA, G.: Classaurus: its fundamentals, design and use; RICHMOND, P.A.: Classification in syndetic structures; CRAVEN, T.C.: The representation of facets in a general concept network for index display generation; CIGANIK, M.: Fuzzy faceted thesaurus construction; DEVADASON, F.J., M. KOTHANDA RAMANUJAM: Computer-aided construction of an 'alphabetic' classaurus; SECHSER, O.: Theoretical generalizations in retrieval system research, their objectivity and relevance; KUMAR, K.: Theoretical bases for universal classification systems; GLICKERT, P.: Gradational classification: a topic-tagging scheme for computerized production of a scannable list; PEJTERSEN, A.M.: A new approach to the classification of fiction; AUSTIN, J.: The AMP classification system for fiction: trial applications and retrieval tests; BONNER, R.: Community information classification research prject: user oriented empirical methods of classification construction; BORKO, H.: The role of classification in online retrieval systems and automated libraries; KELM, B., B. MAASSEN: Weiterentwicklung der Sacherschließungsarbeit an der Deutschen Bibliothek; JOITA, E., P. ATANASIU, V. TEODORU: The use of ordering systems by different user groups; COCHRANE, P.A.: Classification as a users's tool in online public access catalogs; TRAVIS, I.L.: Faceted classification in an online environment; WILLIAMSON, N.J.: Videotex information retrieval systems: the logical development and optimization of tree structures in a general online interactive system; SCHABAS, A.H.: Videotex information systems: complements to the tree structure; WERSIG, G., M. BURKART-SABSOUB: Empirical classification research as a basis of informaton policy; MALANGA, G.: Classifying and screening journal literature with citation data; RIGBY, M.: The use of the UDC in automated terminology data banks; SWAYDAN, N.: The universal classification and the needs of libraries in developing countries; MEDER, N.: Family resemblance and empirical classification, cluster analysis: its philosophy of science and strategy of research; KRAUTH, J.: Models of the measurement of similarity; LÖFFLER, G.: Cluster-Strukturvergleiche - Ein Ansatz zur Zusammenhangsanalyse multivariat definierter Raumstrukturen; KRISHNAMURTHY, E.V., VENKATASEKHAR, H.S.: A relational data-base system and query language for storage, manipulation and retrieval of virus data. -

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: MEINK, P.: Das Gestern und das Morgen mit einer DK von heute. Eine Klassifikation hält Schritt; KNELL, G.: EDV-gestützte DK-Anwendung in der Bereichsbibliothek Erziehungswissenschaften der Universität Gießen; SCHAEL, F.: Volkswagen von 0 bis 9 - die DK in einem industriellen Großunternehmen; TRAISER, W.: Anwendung der Universellen Dezimalklassifikation in Nationalbibliographien; FUNK, H., K. LOTH: Sachabfrage im ETHICS auf der Basis der UDK. Ein OPAC; PARNICZKY, G.: Descriptor language for statistical nomenclatures; SCHWARZ, C.: THESYS: Thesaurus Syntax System. A fully automated thesaurus building aid: KÖNIG, G., M. MARME: Klassifikation und Thesaurus für die Mathematikdidaktik; HERFURTH, M.: Notationen soziologischen Wissens. Ein Beitrag zur Architektur sozialwissenschaftlicher Wissensbasen; OHLY, H.P.: Sozialwissenschaftliche Theorien als Gegenstand systematischer Dokumentation; GÖDERT, W.: Syntax von Dokumentationssprachen im Online-Katalog; SPITZ, A.L., L.D. WILCOX: Classification techniques applied to the recognition of office documents; HÖLZL, J.: Warenklassifikation als Mittel der Input-Output-Analyse; GASTHUBER, H.: Methodischer Aspekte der Gestaltung von benutzerfreundlichen Produktinforma-tionssystemen; AHLHAUS, O.: Klassifikations- und Ordnungssysteme für das Produkt-, Qualitäts- und Verpackungswesen; PRETZSCH, J.: Der OPAC des Deutschen Patentamtes und seine sachlichen Zugriffsmöglichkeiten; GEIS, A.: Entwicklung von Diktionären. Zum Beispiel maschinelle Branchenvercodung; GOMBOSI, M., G. DOMOKOS: Logical checking on statistical nomenclatures. -

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Date

22. 7.2000 18:22:27

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Series

Reference librarian; no.22

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Content

Inhalt: OVERVIEW: Automatic analysis (M.E. STEVENS); Analysis of Information (B.C. VICKERY) / DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGING: Descriptive cataloging (J.E. DAILY) / NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXT PROCESSING: Content analysis (C.E. HICKS, J.E. RUSH, S.M. STRONG); Machine translation (W. LEHMANN); Machine translation (W.N. LOCKE); Natural language analysis and processing (N. SAGER); Automatic analysis (M.E. STEVENS) / INDEXING: Coordinate indexing (A. ARTANDI); Subject indexes (C.L. BERNIER); Automatic indexing: progress and prospects (B.C. LANDRY, J.E. RUSH); Automatic analysis (M.E. STEVENS) / TERMINOLOGY CONTROL: Authority files (J.E. DAILY); Subject headings (J.E. Daily); Thesaurus (D.J. FOSKETT); Subject headings (M.L. MANNHEIMER) / CLASSIFYING: Abstract classification (J.E. Daily); Classification and categorization (J.E. DAILY); Clumps, theory of (K. SPARCK JONES); Dewey Decimal Classification (M.L. MANNHEIMER); Techniques used in Library of Congress Classification (M.L. MANNHEIMER); Classification, theory of (A. NEELAMEGHAN); Automatic analysis (M.E. STEVENS) / ABSTRACTING: Abstracts and abstracting (C.L. BERNIER); Abstracting (B.A. MATHIS, J.E. RUSH) / EXTRACTING: Relevance predictability in information retrieval systems (A. KENT, J. BELZER, M. KURFEERST, E.D. DYM, D.L. SHIREY, A. BOSE)

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Content

Enthält: LAUBSCH, J.: Towards a theory of knowledge representation; REINFRANK, M.: Formulae and models: knowledge representation in logic; FALTINGS, B.: Knowledge representation for qualitative reasoning; STOYAN, H.: Knowledge representation or programming?; FRESKA, C.: Knowledge representation and cognitive science; HÄRDER, T.: Classical data models and knowledge representation; GÖRZ, G.: Knowledge representation and natural language processing; DECKER, R.: Bibliographie zu: Knowledge representation in artificial intelligence

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Abstract

The study assessed the ability of children to categorise concepts that will be used to organise an information retrieval interface. The work was done of Project SEED (Science for Early Educational Development), a project to develop hands-on science programmes for elementary schools. Aims to tailor an interface to the particular skills of children in organising science knowledge. The results are promising for the design of IR interfaces based on children's abilities to manipulate information.

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Abstract

A retrieval experiment was conducted to compare on-line searching using terms opposed to citations. This is the first study in which a single data base was used to retrieve two equivalent sets for each query, one using terms found in the bibliographic record to achieve higher recall, and the other using documents. Reports on the use of a second citation searching strategy. Overall, by using both types of search keys, the total recall is increased.

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Date

7. 1.1996 22:47:52