Search (111 results, page 2 of 6)

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Date

22. 2.2007 18:56:23
22. 2.2007 19:12:10

Editor

Fidel, R., H. Bruce, P. Ingwersen u. P. Vakkari

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Classification

327.12 22

DDC

327.12 22

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.303-305 (L. Hayden): "Part history and part call to action, Covert and Overt examines the relationship between the disciplines of intelligence service and information science. The book is significant in that it captures both the rich history of partnership between the fields, and because it demonstrates clearly the incomplete nature of our understanding of that partnership. In the post-9/11 world, such understanding is increasingly important, as we struggle with the problem of transforming information into intelligence and intelligence into effective policy. Information science has an important role to play in meeting these challenges, but the sometimesambiguous nature of the field combined with similar uncertainties over what constitutes intelligence, makes any attempt at definitive answers problematic. The book is a collection of works from different contributors, in the words of one editor "not so much a created work as an aggregation" (p. 1). More than just an edited collection of papers, the book draws from the personal experiences of several prominent information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals from World War II onward. The result is a book that feels very personal and at times impassioned. The contributors attempt to shed light on an often-closed community of practice, a discipline that depends simultaneously on access to information and on secrecy. Intelligence, like information science, is also a discipline that finds itself increasingly attracted to and dependent upon technology, and an underlying question of the book is where and how technology benefits intelligence (as opposed to only masking more fundamental problems of process and analysis and providing little or no actual value).
This book is a successful and realistic examination of the current state of inquiry into the relationship between intelligence and information science, and does not flinch from the limits of this inquiry to date. The book can be viewed as a deliberate attempt to stimulate further interest in these studies, and serves as an excellent roadmap for future researchers (like this reviewer) who also have moved from intelligence service into information science. Many of the stories and studies in the book could easily provide fresh and vital avenues of research to new and veteran scholars. If there are limitations to the impact of the book, most must be viewed in the context of the lack of literature from which to draw. Contributions come from a variety of sources and although some new studies are included, for the most part, the chapters are not original to this publication. This results at times in a sense of the editors taking what they could get on the topic. The reader must determine whether this is viewed as a flaw or as reinforcement of the editors' conclusion that more research into the subject matter is important and necessary. It becomes a question of whether or not one wishes to answer the call. One interesting limitation, however, is the lack of a critical stance on the part of most of the contributors. The chapters tend to describe the relationship between intelligence and information science, but few question the nature of that relationship, the social construction of the two disciplines, or moral and ethical concerns associated with spying and information operations. In general, a reader is left with the impression that intelligence service is a good thing, and that information science as a discipline can both improve it as well as learn from it. Little insight is offered into the value and direction of intelligence in the 21 st century, or the impact that our technologies may have. One exception comes from Colin Burke who, in his chapter, "Intelligence Agencies, Librarians, and Information Scientists," touches on some of these issues with his claim that library and information science practitioners must "help bring the information advances from the intelligence communities to an industry that can be committed to distributing information at the lowest cost to the most people" (p. 112). Nevertheless, no serious questions regarding issues of control, power, or resistance are raised. Given recent debates over surveillance, privacy, and the erosion of civil liberties in the wake of 9-11, it would seem that this is an area of intelligence and information studies that also deserves attention. Covert and Overt is an excellent historical overview of the close relationship between intelligence and information science. The book is also intriguing and timely in its argument for further research and study into these areas. Despite the limitations of subject matter and the challenges that come with the disciplines that it explores, it is required reading for practitioners in either world who wish to gain a greater understanding of the operations of the other."

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Date

23. 3.2008 19:10:22

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 54(2003) no.9, S.905-906 (C.A. Badurek): "Visual approaches for knowledge discovery in very large databases are a prime research need for information scientists focused an extracting meaningful information from the ever growing stores of data from a variety of domains, including business, the geosciences, and satellite and medical imagery. This work presents a summary of research efforts in the fields of data mining, knowledge discovery, and data visualization with the goal of aiding the integration of research approaches and techniques from these major fields. The editors, leading computer scientists from academia and industry, present a collection of 32 papers from contributors who are incorporating visualization and data mining techniques through academic research as well application development in industry and government agencies. Information Visualization focuses upon techniques to enhance the natural abilities of humans to visually understand data, in particular, large-scale data sets. It is primarily concerned with developing interactive graphical representations to enable users to more intuitively make sense of multidimensional data as part of the data exploration process. It includes research from computer science, psychology, human-computer interaction, statistics, and information science. Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) most often refers to the process of mining databases for previously unknown patterns and trends in data. Data mining refers to the particular computational methods or algorithms used in this process. The data mining research field is most related to computational advances in database theory, artificial intelligence and machine learning. This work compiles research summaries from these main research areas in order to provide "a reference work containing the collection of thoughts and ideas of noted researchers from the fields of data mining and data visualization" (p. 8). It addresses these areas in three main sections: the first an data visualization, the second an KDD and model visualization, and the last an using visualization in the knowledge discovery process. The seven chapters of Part One focus upon methodologies and successful techniques from the field of Data Visualization. Hoffman and Grinstein (Chapter 2) give a particularly good overview of the field of data visualization and its potential application to data mining. An introduction to the terminology of data visualization, relation to perceptual and cognitive science, and discussion of the major visualization display techniques are presented. Discussion and illustration explain the usefulness and proper context of such data visualization techniques as scatter plots, 2D and 3D isosurfaces, glyphs, parallel coordinates, and radial coordinate visualizations. Remaining chapters present the need for standardization of visualization methods, discussion of user requirements in the development of tools, and examples of using information visualization in addressing research problems.
In 13 chapters, Part Two provides an introduction to KDD, an overview of data mining techniques, and examples of the usefulness of data model visualizations. The importance of visualization throughout the KDD process is stressed in many of the chapters. In particular, the need for measures of visualization effectiveness, benchmarking for identifying best practices, and the use of standardized sample data sets is convincingly presented. Many of the important data mining approaches are discussed in this complementary context. Cluster and outlier detection, classification techniques, and rule discovery algorithms are presented as the basic techniques common to the KDD process. The potential effectiveness of using visualization in the data modeling process are illustrated in chapters focused an using visualization for helping users understand the KDD process, ask questions and form hypotheses about their data, and evaluate the accuracy and veracity of their results. The 11 chapters of Part Three provide an overview of the KDD process and successful approaches to integrating KDD, data mining, and visualization in complementary domains. Rhodes (Chapter 21) begins this section with an excellent overview of the relation between the KDD process and data mining techniques. He states that the "primary goals of data mining are to describe the existing data and to predict the behavior or characteristics of future data of the same type" (p. 281). These goals are met by data mining tasks such as classification, regression, clustering, summarization, dependency modeling, and change or deviation detection. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how visualization can aid users in the interactive process of knowledge discovery by graphically representing the results from these iterative tasks. Finally, examples of the usefulness of integrating visualization and data mining tools in the domain of business, imagery and text mining, and massive data sets are provided. This text concludes with a thorough and useful 17-page index and lengthy yet integrating 17-page summary of the academic and industrial backgrounds of the contributing authors. A 16-page set of color inserts provide a better representation of the visualizations discussed, and a URL provided suggests that readers may view all the book's figures in color on-line, although as of this submission date it only provides access to a summary of the book and its contents. The overall contribution of this work is its focus an bridging two distinct areas of research, making it a valuable addition to the Morgan Kaufmann Series in Database Management Systems. The editors of this text have met their main goal of providing the first textbook integrating knowledge discovery, data mining, and visualization. Although it contributes greatly to our under- standing of the development and current state of the field, a major weakness of this text is that there is no concluding chapter to discuss the contributions of the sum of these contributed papers or give direction to possible future areas of research. "Integration of expertise between two different disciplines is a difficult process of communication and reeducation. Integrating data mining and visualization is particularly complex because each of these fields in itself must draw an a wide range of research experience" (p. 300). Although this work contributes to the crossdisciplinary communication needed to advance visualization in KDD, a more formal call for an interdisciplinary research agenda in a concluding chapter would have provided a more satisfying conclusion to a very good introductory text.

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Editor

Schnurr, H.-P. u.a.

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Editor

Bock, H.-H. u. P. Ihm

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Date

22. 3.2008 12:21:28

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Date

29. 8.2005 12:54:22

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 36(2009) no.1, S.62-63 (K. La Barre): "This special issue of Axiomathes presents an ambitious dual agenda. It attempts to highlight aspects of facet analysis (as used in LIS) that are shared by cognate approaches in philosophy, psychology, linguistics and computer science. Secondarily, the issue aims to attract others to the study and use of facet analysis. The authors represent a blend of lifetime involvement with facet analysis, such as Vickery, Broughton, Beghtol, and Dahlberg; those with well developed research agendas such as Tudhope, and Priss; and relative newcomers such as Gnoli, Cheti and Paradisi, and Slavic. Omissions are inescapable, but a more balanced issue would have resulted from inclusion of at least one researcher from the Indian school of facet theory. Another valuable addition might have been a reaction to the issue by one of the chief critics of facet analysis. Potentially useful, but absent, is a comprehensive bibliography of resources for those wishing to engage in further study, that now lie scattered throughout the issue. Several of the papers assume relative familiarity with facet analytical concepts and definitions, some of which are contested even within LIS. Gnoli's introduction (p. 127-130) traces the trajectory, extensions and new developments of this analytico- synthetic approach to subject access, while providing a laundry list of cognate approaches that are similar to facet analysis. This brief essay and the article by Priss (p. 243-255) directly addresses this first part of Gnoli's agenda. Priss provides detailed discussion of facet-like structures in computer science (p. 245- 246), and outlines the similarity between Formal Concept Analysis and facets. This comparison is equally fruitful for researchers in computer science and library and information science. By bridging into a discussion of visualization challenges for facet display, further research is also invited. Many of the remaining papers comprehensively detail the intellectual heritage of facet analysis (Beghtol; Broughton, p. 195-198; Dahlberg; Tudhope and Binding, p. 213-215; Vickery). Beghtol's (p. 131-144) examination of the origins of facet theory through the lens of the textbooks written by Ranganathan's mentor W.C.B. Sayers (1881-1960), Manual of Classification (1926, 1944, 1955) and a textbook written by Mills A Modern Outline of Classification (1964), serves to reveal the deep intellectual heritage of the changes in classification theory over time, as well as Ranganathan's own influence on and debt to Sayers.
Several of the papers are clearly written as primers and neatly address the second agenda item: attracting others to the study and use of facet analysis. The most valuable papers are written in clear, approachable language. Vickery's paper (p. 145-160) is a clarion call for faceted classification and facet analysis. The heart of the paper is a primer for central concepts and techniques. Vickery explains the value of using faceted classification in document retrieval. Also provided are potential solutions to thorny interface and display issues with facets. Vickery looks to complementary themes in knowledge organization, such as thesauri and ontologies as potential areas for extending the facet concept. Broughton (p. 193-210) describes a rigorous approach to the application of facet analysis in the creation of a compatible thesaurus from the schedules of the 2nd edition of the Bliss Classification (BC2). This discussion of exemplary faceted thesauri, recent standards work, and difficulties encountered in the project will provide valuable guidance for future research in this area. Slavic (p. 257-271) provides a challenge to make faceted classification come 'alive' through promoting the use of machine-readable formats for use and exchange in applications such as Topic Maps and SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization Systems), and as supported by the standard BS8723 (2005) Structured Vocabulary for Information Retrieval. She also urges designers of faceted classifications to get involved in standards work. Cheti and Paradisi (p. 223-241) outline a basic approach to converting an existing subject indexing tool, the Nuovo Soggetario, into a faceted thesaurus through the use of facet analysis. This discussion, well grounded in the canonical literature, may well serve as a primer for future efforts. Also useful for those who wish to construct faceted thesauri is the article by Tudhope and Binding (p. 211-222). This contains an outline of basic elements to be found in exemplar faceted thesauri, and a discussion of project FACET (Faceted Access to Cultural heritage Terminology) with algorithmically-based semantic query expansion in a dataset composed of items from the National Museum of Science and Industry indexed with AAT (Art and Architecture Thesaurus). This paper looks to the future hybridization of ontologies and facets through standards developments such as SKOS because of the "lightweight semantics" inherent in facets.
Two of the papers revisit the interaction of facets with the theory of integrative levels, which posits that the organization of the natural world reflects increasingly interdependent complexity. This approach was tested as a basis for the creation of faceted classifications in the 1960s. These contemporary treatments of integrative levels are not discipline-driven as were the early approaches, but instead are ontological and phenomenological in focus. Dahlberg (p. 161-172) outlines the creation of the ICC (Information Coding System) and the application of the Systematifier in the generation of facets and the creation of a fully faceted classification. Gnoli (p. 177-192) proposes the use of fundamental categories as a way to redefine facets and fundamental categories in "more universal and level-independent ways" (p. 192). Given that Axiomathes has a stated focus on "contemporary issues in cognition and ontology" and the following thesis: "that real advances in contemporary science may depend upon a consideration of the origins and intellectual history of ideas at the forefront of current research," this venue seems well suited for the implementation of the stated agenda, to illustrate complementary approaches and to stimulate research. As situated, this special issue may well serve as a bridge to a more interdisciplinary dialogue about facet analysis than has previously been the case."

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Editor

Durisin, P.

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Devadason, F.J., N. Intaraksa u. P. Patamawongjariya u.a.: Faceted indexing application for organizing and accessing internet resources; Nicholson, D., S. Wake: HILT: subject retrieval in a distributed environment; Olson, T.: Integrating LCSH and MeSH in information systems; Kuhr, P.S.: Putting the world back together: mapping multiple vocabularies into a single thesaurus; Freyre, E., M. Naudi: MACS : subject access across languages and networks; McIlwaine, I.C.: The UDC and the World Wide Web; Garrison, W.A.: The Colorado Digitization Project: subject access issues; Vizine-Goetz, D., R. Thompson: Towards DDC-classified displays of Netfirst search results: subject access issues; Godby, C.J., J. Stuler: The Library of Congress Classification as a knowledge base for automatic subject categorization: subject access issues; O'Neill, E.T., E. Childress u. R. Dean u.a.: FAST: faceted application of subject terminology; Bean, C.A., R. Green: Improving subject retrieval with frame representation; Zeng, M.L., Y. Chen: Features of an integrated thesaurus management and search system for the networked environment; Hudon, M.: Subject access to Web resources in education; Qin, J., J. Chen: A multi-layered, multi-dimensional representation of digital educational resources; Riesthuis, G.J.A.: Information languages and multilingual subject access; Geisselmann, F.: Access methods in a database of e-journals; Beghtol, C.: The Iter Bibliography: International standard subject access to medieval and renaissance materials (400-1700); Slavic, A.: General library classification in learning material metadata: the application in IMS/LOM and CDMES metadata schemas; Cordeiro, M.I.: From library authority control to network authoritative metadata sources; Koch, T., H. Neuroth u. M. Day: Renardus: Cross-browsing European subject gateways via a common classification system (DDC); Olson, H.A., D.B. Ward: Mundane standards, everyday technologies, equitable access; Burke, M.A.: Personal Construct Theory as a research tool in Library and Information Science: case study: development of a user-driven classification of photographs

Footnote

Rez. in: KO 31(2004) no.2, S.117-118 (D. Campbell): "This excellent volume offers 22 papers delivered at an IFLA Satellite meeting in Dublin Ohio in 2001. The conference gathered together information and computer scientists to discuss an important and difficult question: in what specific ways can the accumulated skills, theories and traditions of librarianship be mobilized to face the challenges of providing subject access to information in present and future networked information environments? The papers which grapple with this question are organized in a surprisingly deft and coherent way. Many conferences and proceedings have unhappy sessions that contain a hodge-podge of papers that didn't quite fit any other categories. As befits a good classificationist, editor I.C. McIlwaine has kept this problem to a minimum. The papers are organized into eight sessions, which split into two broad categories. The first five sessions deal with subject domains, and the last three deal with subject access tools. The five sessions and thirteen papers that discuss access in different domains appear in order of in creasing intension. The first papers deal with access in multilingual environments, followed by papers an access across multiple vocabularies and across sectors, ending up with studies of domain-specific retrieval (primarily education). Some of the papers offer predictably strong work by scholars engaged in ongoing, long-term research. Gerard Riesthuis offers a clear analysis of the complexities of negotiating non-identical thesauri, particularly in cases where hierarchical structure varies across different languages. Hope Olson and Dennis Ward use Olson's familiar and welcome method of using provocative and unconventional theory to generate meliorative approaches to blas in general subject access schemes. Many papers, an the other hand, deal with specific ongoing projects: Renardus, The High Level Thesaurus Project, The Colorado Digitization Project and The Iter Bibliography for medieval and Renaissance material. Most of these papers display a similar structure: an explanation of the theory and purpose of the project, an account of problems encountered in the implementation, and a discussion of the results, both promising and disappointing, thus far. Of these papers, the account of the Multilanguage Access to Subjects Project in Europe (MACS) deserves special mention. In describing how the project is founded an the principle of the equality of languages, with each subject heading language maintained in its own database, and with no single language used as a pivot for the others, Elisabeth Freyre and Max Naudi offer a particularly vivid example of the way the ethics of librarianship translate into pragmatic contexts and concrete procedures. The three sessions and nine papers devoted to subject access tools split into two kinds: papers that discuss the use of theory and research to generate new tools for a networked environment, and those that discuss the transformation of traditional subject access tools in this environment. In the new tool development area, Mary Burke provides a promising example of the bidirectional approach that is so often necessary: in her case study of user-driven classification of photographs, she user personal construct theory to clarify the practice of classification, while at the same time using practice to test the theory. Carol Bean and Rebecca Green offer an intriguing combination of librarianship and computer science, importing frame representation technique from artificial intelligence to standardize syntagmatic relationships to enhance recall and precision.

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Abstract

Proceedings of the llth TREC-conference held in Gaithersburg, Maryland (USA), November 19-22, 2002. Aim of the conference was discussion an retrieval and related information-seeking tasks for large test collection. 93 research groups used different techniques, for information retrieval from the same large database. This procedure makes it possible to compare the results. The tasks are: Cross-language searching, filtering, interactive searching, searching for novelty, question answering, searching for video shots, and Web searching.

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Editor

Boeuf, P. le

Footnote

Vgl. die einzelnen Beiträge unter der Buchausgabe: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR): hype or cure-all. Ed. by P. le Boeuf,. Binghamton, NY: Haworth 2004.

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Content

Enthält Beiträge von: AKENDA, J.K.: Ethiken und Globalisierung BROMS, H.: Two Kinds of Knowledge and Two Groups of Database Searchers CAPURRO, R.: Wissensmanagement und darüber hinaus COENEN, O.: Arbeit im Informationszeitalter CURRAS, E.: Prof. Dr. Norbert Henrichs: Theoretiker und Praktiker im Informationsbereich ENDRES-NIGGEMEYER, B.: Bessere Information durch Zusammenfassen aus dem WWW GOMBOCZ, W.L.: Stichwort oder Schlagwort versus Textwort GRÖSCHL, J.: Archive als Informationsmittler HOLLÄNDER, S.: Wo Berge sich erheben oder der lange steinige Weg zur integrierten Ausbildung JUCQUOIS-DELPIERRE, M.: Kommnunikation gegen/neben Information KRAUSE, J.: Zur Entgrenzung der Beschäftigung mit Wissen und Information KUHLEN, R.: Fachinformation und Fachkommunikation in der Informationsgesellschaft LIEDTKE, W.: Wissen in Echtzeit OßWALD, A.: Bibliothekswissenschaft und Infomationswissenschaft PRÄTOR, K.: Hypertext und Handlungskoordination RAUCH, W.: Auf dem Weg zur Informationskultur. Meilensteine des Paradigmenwechsels RUß, A.: Informationswissenschaft als angewandte Kognitionswissenschaft SCHOCKENHOFF, V.: Cientia emergente: Zur Situation der Archivwissenschaft im wiedervereinigten Deutschland SCHRÖDER, T.A.: Die Hochschulen auf dem Weg zur mixed mode university SCHUMACHER, D.: Informationswirtschaft und Informationskultur STOCK, W.G.: Textwortmethode UMSTÄTTER, W.: Die Entökonomisierung des Informationsbegriffs VOGEL, F.-J. u. P. WIRTZ: Zur Emeritierung von Prof. Dr. Norbert Henrichs WERSIG, G.: Zur Zukunft der Metapher "Informationswissenschaft" WOMSER-HACKER, C.: Informationswissenschaft und Internationales Informationsmanagement XU, P.: Ein Papierdrache ZIMMERMANN, H.H.: 'So sprach Zarathustra' Vgl.: http://docserv.uni-duesseldorf.de/servlets/DerivateServlet/Derivate-81/Schriften_der_ULB_32.pdf

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: SPINNER, H.F.: Ordnungen des Wissens: Wissensorganisation, Wissensrepräsentation, Wissensordnung; RAHMSTORF, G.: Existenzformen des Wissens; BUDIN, G.: Wissen(schafts)theorie und Wissensorganisation; LEHNER, C.: Beitrag zu einer holistischen Theorie für die Informationswissenschaft; JAENECKE, P.: Ist 'Wissen' ein definierbarer Begriff?; GLAUSER, C.: National science systems and the Matthew effect for countries; GLAUSER, C.: Tyson beisst Holyfield - und Minuten später wissen es alle: eine Inhaltsanalyse des Informationsflusses von drei Teletext-Sendern; OHLY, H.P.: Der 'Stand der Technik': eine bibliometrische Betrachtungsweise; CZAP, H.: Theorienbildung mittels Künstlich Neuronaler Netze vom Typ MLP; GRÖßLER, A., A. REUTHER: Notwendigkeit einer gemeinsamen Wissensbasis: eine Fallstudie mit Hilfe von Syste-Archetypen; STEPHAN, P.F., S. ASMUS: Wissensdesign: mit neuen Medien Wissen Gestalten; ORTHMANN, C., L. NÄCKE: Die Chancen virtueller sozialer Gemeinschaften im Internet für einen interkulturellen Wissenschaftsdiskurs; SCHMITZ-ESSER, W.: Gedankenraumreisen: neue Thesaurusstrukturen, multimedial präsentiert, machen Anregung, Spielen, Lernen, Finden möglich für jedermann; SIGEL, A.: Zum Wert multipler und adaptiver Indexierung mit Konzeptrahmen für die Sozialwissenschaften; LENSKI, W., E. WETTE-ROCH: Pragmatische Aspekte der Wissensmodellierung in Wissenschaftlichen Informationssystemen; UMSTÄTTER, W.: Wissensorganisation mit Hilfe des semiotischen Thesaurus: auf der Basis von SGML bzw. XML; KLEIN, H.: Erfordernisse bei einer Inhaltsanalyse von Informationen aus dem WWW; DOBRATZ, S., M. SCHULZ: Dissertationen in SGML/XML: Erprobung eines Publikationskonzeptes; PLUTAT, B.: "Darunter hätte ich nicht nachgeschaut ...": Erschließungssysteme und Nutzerbeteiligung; SCHULZ, U.: Anwenderpartizipation bei der Entwicklung eines Kinder-OPACs: Erschließungssysteme und Nutzerbeteiligung; MEDER, N.: Didaktische Ontologien; SWERTZ, C.: Ausbildung zum Gebrauch didaktischer Ontologien; LEIDIG, T.: Technologische Aspekte didaktischer Ontologien; SCHOTT, H.: Thesaurus Sozialwissenschaften online; VAN DER VET, P. : Content engineering; ENDRES-NIGGEMEYER, B.: Empirical methods for ontology engineering in bone marrow transplantation; AHRWEILER, P.: Die Integration heterogener Wissenssysteme auf dem Computer; HELLWEG, H.: Die GESIS Socio-Guide: ein kooperatives Link-Verwaltungs-System; LENSKI, W.: Gleichheitsbegriffe in hoch-strukturierten Datenbanken. GOPPOLD, A.: Ein Struktursystem zur Klassifikation von Wissen in der Biosphäre; REDEKER, G.: Didaktische Ontologien: Stand der internationalen Forschung; LEDERBOGEN, U., J. TREBBE: Das Intenret als Quelle für Wissenschaftsinformation: Ergebnisse einer Online-Befragung; STEGBAUER, C.: Die Rolle der Lurker in Mailinglisten; BEHMAN, F.: Strategische Frühaufklärung schafft die Basis für Innovation im Zeitalter globaler Vernetzung; TEUBENER, K., N. ZURAWSKI: Wissenschaftsvernetzung, Internet und Interface-Design für die Massenmedien; MAYER, M.: Kontextvisualisierung: BrowsingIcons and BrowsingGraphs zur Verbesserung der Orientierung und Navigation im World Wide Web.

Editor

Ohly, P., G. Rahmstorf u. A. Sigel

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TABLE DES MATIERES Introduction 1* Le modèle booléen M. IHADJADENE, H. FONDIN 2*Technologies statistiques pour la recherche d'informations :les modèles vectoriels R. BESANÇON 3* Modèles probabilistes en recherche d'informations J.-Y. NIE, J. SAVOY 4* Connexionnisme et génétique pour la recherche d'informations M. BOUGHANEM, L. TAMINE 5* Modélisation logique pour la recherche d'informations J.-P. CHEVALLET 6* SRI et traitement du langage naturel C. DE LOUPY, E. CRESTAN 7* Modèles de langue pour la recherche d'informations M. BOUGHANEM, W. KRAAIJ, J.-Y. NIE 8* L'évaluation des systèmes de recherche d'informations S. CHAUDIRON Bibliographies/Index.

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Enthält die Beiträge: JOCHUM, U.: Information oder Wissen und Gedächtnis; ERNST, W.: Datum und Information: Begriffsverwirrungen; JAENECKE, P.: Wissensbausteine; GÖDERT, W.: Der konstruktivistische Ansatz für Kommunikation und Informationsverarbeitung; KÜBLER, H.-D.: Nachrichtenrezeption, Informationsnutzung, Wissenserwerb: Diskrepanzen wissenschaftlicher Zugänge; BONFADELLI, H.: Online-Kommunikation: Die Relevanz der Wissenskluft-Perspektive; GEORGY, U.: Der Wert von Information: Thesen zum Thema.

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 34(2007) no.4, S. 264-265 (L.C. Howarth): "At a time when cataloguing code revision is continuing apace with the consolidation of the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD), the drafting of RDA: Resource Description and Access, and the development of common principles for an international cataloguing code (International Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code [IME ICC]), the publication of a guide for cataloguing cultural objects is timely and purposeful. Compiling this data content standard on behalf of the Visual Resources Association, the five editors - with oversight from an advisory board - have divided the guide into three parts. Following a brief introduction outlining the purpose, intended audience, and scope and methodology for the publication, Part One, General Guidelines, explains both what the Cataloging Cultural Objects (CCO) guide is "a broad document that includes rules for formatting data, suggestions for required information, controlled vocabulary requirements, and display issues" (p. I) and is not "not a metadata element set per se" (p. 1). Part Two, Elements, is further divided into nine chapters dealing with one or more metadata elements, and describing the relationships between and among each element. Part Three, Authorities, discusses what elements to include in building authority records. A Selected Bibliography, Glossary, and Index, respectively, round out the guide.
As the editors note in their introduction, "Standards that guide data structure, data values, and data content form the basis for a set of tools that can lead to good descriptive cataloging, consistent documentation, shared records, and increased end-user access" (p. xi). The VRA Core Categories, for example, represent a set of metadata elements expressed within an XML structure (data structure). Likewise, the Art Architecture Thesaurus contains sets of terms and relationships, or defined data values. While much effort has been expended on developing both data structures and values, the editors argue, the third leg of the stool, data content, has received less attention. Unlike the library community with its Anglo-American Cataloging Rules [sic though RDA is referenced in the Selected Bibliography], or its archival equivalent, Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS), those in the domain of cultural heritage responsible for describing and documenting works of art, architecture, cultural artifacts, and their respective images, have not had the benefit of such data content standards. CCO is intended to address (or redress) that gap, emphasizing the exercise of good judgment and cataloguer discretion over the application of "rigid rules" [p. xii], and building on existing standards. ... Overall, Cataloging Cultural Objects with its attending guidelines for descriptive metadata and authority control for "one-of-a-kind cultural objects" should merit a place among the "well-established" data content standards of the library and archival communities that CCO references with obvious regard."