Search (793 results, page 1 of 40)

0.05394318 = product of:
  0.10788636 = sum of:
    0.10788636 = sum of:
      0.010552775 = weight(_text_:a in 3477) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.010552775 = score(doc=3477,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.17835285 = fieldWeight in 3477, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3477)
      0.09733358 = weight(_text_:22 in 3477) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.09733358 = score(doc=3477,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 3477, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3477)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.05394318 = product of:
  0.10788636 = sum of:
    0.10788636 = sum of:
      0.010552775 = weight(_text_:a in 4545) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.010552775 = score(doc=4545,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.17835285 = fieldWeight in 4545, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4545)
      0.09733358 = weight(_text_:22 in 4545) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.09733358 = score(doc=4545,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 4545, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4545)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

A special issue devoted to outsourcing information systems

Date

22. 7.1996 10:51:56

0.05394318 = product of:
  0.10788636 = sum of:
    0.10788636 = sum of:
      0.010552775 = weight(_text_:a in 6664) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.010552775 = score(doc=6664,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.17835285 = fieldWeight in 6664, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6664)
      0.09733358 = weight(_text_:22 in 6664) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.09733358 = score(doc=6664,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 6664, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6664)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

A special issue devoted to current developments in electronic publishing and electronic information communication

Source

IFLA journal. 22(1996) no.3, S.181-247

0.05394318 = product of:
  0.10788636 = sum of:
    0.10788636 = sum of:
      0.010552775 = weight(_text_:a in 531) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.010552775 = score(doc=531,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.17835285 = fieldWeight in 531, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=531)
      0.09733358 = weight(_text_:22 in 531) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.09733358 = score(doc=531,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 531, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=531)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

A special issue devoted to lexical choice or lexicalization in text generation and machine translation

Date

31. 7.1996 9:22:19

0.05394318 = product of:
  0.10788636 = sum of:
    0.10788636 = sum of:
      0.010552775 = weight(_text_:a in 465) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.010552775 = score(doc=465,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.17835285 = fieldWeight in 465, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=465)
      0.09733358 = weight(_text_:22 in 465) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.09733358 = score(doc=465,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 465, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=465)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

6. 3.1997 16:22:15

Footnote

A special issue devoted to recent research on computer systems that can doscover scientific laws or concepts

0.05394318 = product of:
  0.10788636 = sum of:
    0.10788636 = sum of:
      0.010552775 = weight(_text_:a in 1179) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.010552775 = score(doc=1179,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.17835285 = fieldWeight in 1179, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1179)
      0.09733358 = weight(_text_:22 in 1179) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.09733358 = score(doc=1179,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 1179, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1179)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

A special issue devoted to the theme of new tools for human tranlators

Date

31. 7.1996 9:22:19

0.04623701 = product of:
  0.09247402 = sum of:
    0.09247402 = sum of:
      0.009045236 = weight(_text_:a in 4762) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.009045236 = score(doc=4762,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.15287387 = fieldWeight in 4762, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4762)
      0.083428785 = weight(_text_:22 in 4762) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.083428785 = score(doc=4762,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 4762, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4762)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

A special issue devoted to expert systems in law. Papers taken from the 4th National Conference on Law, Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Exeter University, UK, Spring 94

Date

3. 8.1996 10:55:22

0.04623701 = product of:
  0.09247402 = sum of:
    0.09247402 = sum of:
      0.009045236 = weight(_text_:a in 5864) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.009045236 = score(doc=5864,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.15287387 = fieldWeight in 5864, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5864)
      0.083428785 = weight(_text_:22 in 5864) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.083428785 = score(doc=5864,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 5864, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5864)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

A special issue devoted to the Proceedings of the 5th International WWW conference, 6-10 May 96, held in Paris

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

0.04623701 = product of:
  0.09247402 = sum of:
    0.09247402 = sum of:
      0.009045236 = weight(_text_:a in 6613) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.009045236 = score(doc=6613,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.15287387 = fieldWeight in 6613, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6613)
      0.083428785 = weight(_text_:22 in 6613) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.083428785 = score(doc=6613,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 6613, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6613)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Content

A special issue devoted to visualization and graphics on the WWW

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

0.04623701 = product of:
  0.09247402 = sum of:
    0.09247402 = sum of:
      0.009045236 = weight(_text_:a in 3614) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.009045236 = score(doc=3614,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.15287387 = fieldWeight in 3614, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3614)
      0.083428785 = weight(_text_:22 in 3614) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.083428785 = score(doc=3614,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 3614, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3614)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Content

A special issue devoted in part to user centred cooperative systems

Date

15. 5.1999 16:22:07

0.04623701 = product of:
  0.09247402 = sum of:
    0.09247402 = sum of:
      0.009045236 = weight(_text_:a in 6783) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.009045236 = score(doc=6783,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.15287387 = fieldWeight in 6783, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6783)
      0.083428785 = weight(_text_:22 in 6783) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.083428785 = score(doc=6783,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 6783, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6783)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Footnote

A special issue of selected papers from the Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (PAKDD'97), held Singapore, 22-23 Feb 1997

0.04009195 = product of:
  0.0801839 = sum of:
    0.0801839 = sum of:
      0.0106599135 = weight(_text_:a in 7885) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0106599135 = score(doc=7885,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.18016359 = fieldWeight in 7885, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=7885)
      0.06952399 = weight(_text_:22 in 7885) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.06952399 = score(doc=7885,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 7885, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=7885)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Isbn

3-922602-22-3

0.03853084 = product of:
  0.07706168 = sum of:
    0.07706168 = sum of:
      0.007537696 = weight(_text_:a in 3846) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.007537696 = score(doc=3846,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.12739488 = fieldWeight in 3846, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3846)
      0.06952399 = weight(_text_:22 in 3846) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.06952399 = score(doc=3846,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 3846, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3846)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Content

SIMON, H.R.: Introduction: why analyze bibliographies?; MARTYN, J.: Secondary services and the rising tide of paper; BROOKES, B.C.: Numerical methods of bibliographic analysis; THOMPSON, L.S.: The humanities: a state of the art report; BOTTLE, R.T.: Information obtainable from analyses of scientific bibliographies; SIMON, H.R.: Outlook: the analyses of bibliographies in the future

Source

Library trends. 22(1973), no.1

0.03853084 = product of:
  0.07706168 = sum of:
    0.07706168 = sum of:
      0.007537696 = weight(_text_:a in 3315) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.007537696 = score(doc=3315,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.12739488 = fieldWeight in 3315, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3315)
      0.06952399 = weight(_text_:22 in 3315) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.06952399 = score(doc=3315,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 3315, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3315)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Content

A special issue devoted to relevance in learning and reasoning systems. The special issue addresses questions in automating relevance reasoning, focusing on autonomous systems with limited computational and sensory resources, embedded in dynamic environments. Considers definitions of relevance

Date

6. 3.1997 16:22:15

0.035773493 = sum of:
  0.032004647 = product of:
    0.12801859 = sum of:
      0.12801859 = weight(_text_:author's in 3886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.12801859 = score(doc=3886,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.34484094 = queryWeight, product of:
            6.7201533 = idf(docFreq=144, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.3712395 = fieldWeight in 3886, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            6.7201533 = idf(docFreq=144, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3886)
    0.25 = coord(1/4)
  0.003768848 = product of:
    0.007537696 = sum of:
      0.007537696 = weight(_text_:a in 3886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.007537696 = score(doc=3886,freq=8.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.12739488 = fieldWeight in 3886, product of:
            2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
              8.0 = termFreq=8.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3886)
    0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

Will the emerging global information infrastructure (GII) create a revolution in communication equivalent to that wrought by Gutenberg, or will the result be simply the evolutionary adaptation of existing behavior and institutions to new media? Will the GII improve access to information for all? Will it replace libraries and publishers? How can computers and information systems be made easier to use? What are the trade-offs between tailoring information systems to user communities and standardizing them to interconnect with systems designed for other communities, cultures, and languages? This book takes a close look at these and other questions of technology, behavior, and policy surrounding the GII. Topics covered include the design and use of digital libraries; behavioral and institutional aspects of electronic publishing; the evolving role of libraries; the life cycle of creating, using, and seeking information; and the adoption and adaptation of information technologies. The book takes a human-centered perspective, focusing on how well the GII fits into the daily lives of the people it is supposed to benefit. Taking a unique holistic approach to information access, the book draws on research and practice in computer science, communications, library and information science, information policy, business, economics, law, political science, sociology, history, education, and archival and museum studies. It explores both domestic and international issues. The author's own empirical research is complemented by extensive literature reviews and analyses

0.03523459 = sum of:
  0.012801859 = product of:
    0.051207434 = sum of:
      0.051207434 = weight(_text_:author's in 2047) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.051207434 = score(doc=2047,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.34484094 = queryWeight, product of:
            6.7201533 = idf(docFreq=144, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.14849581 = fieldWeight in 2047, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            6.7201533 = idf(docFreq=144, maxDocs=44218)
            0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=2047)
    0.25 = coord(1/4)
  0.02243273 = sum of:
    0.008527931 = weight(_text_:a in 2047) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.008527931 = score(doc=2047,freq=64.0), product of:
        0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051314447 = queryNorm
        0.14413087 = fieldWeight in 2047, product of:
          8.0 = tf(freq=64.0), with freq of:
            64.0 = termFreq=64.0
          1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=2047)
    0.013904798 = weight(_text_:22 in 2047) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.013904798 = score(doc=2047,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051314447 = queryNorm
        0.07738023 = fieldWeight in 2047, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=2047)

Date

2. 1.2004 10:35:22

Editor

Neelameghan, A. u. K.N. Prasad

Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge organization 30(2003) no.1, S.40-42 (J.-E. Mai): "Introduction: This is a collection of papers presented at the National Seminar an Classification in the Digital Environment held in Bangalore, India, an August 9-11 2001. The collection contains 18 papers dealing with various issues related to knowledge organization and classification theory. The issue of transferring the knowledge, traditions, and theories of bibliographic classification to the digital environment is an important one, and I was excited to learn that proceedings from this seminar were available. Many of us experience frustration an a daily basis due to poorly constructed Web search mechanisms and Web directories. As a community devoted to making information easily accessible we have something to offer the Web community and a seminar an the topic was indeed much needed. Below are brief summaries of the 18 papers presented at the seminar. The order of the summaries follows the order of the papers in the proceedings. The titles of the paper are given in parentheses after the author's name. AHUJA and WESLEY (From "Subject" to "Need": Shift in Approach to Classifying Information an the Internet/Web) argue that traditional bibliographic classification systems fall in the digital environment. One problem is that bibliographic classification systems have been developed to organize library books an shelves and as such are unidimensional and tied to the paper-based environment. Another problem is that they are "subject" oriented in the sense that they assume a relatively stable universe of knowledge containing basic and fixed compartments of knowledge that can be identified and represented. Ahuja and Wesley suggest that classification in the digital environment should be need-oriented instead of subjectoriented ("One important link that binds knowledge and human being is his societal need. ... Hence, it will be ideal to organise knowledge based upon need instead of subject." (p. 10)).
AHUJA and SATIJA (Relevance of Ranganathan's Classification Theory in the Age of Digital Libraries) note that traditional bibliographic classification systems have been applied in the digital environment with only limited success. They find that the "inherent flexibility of electronic manipulation of documents or their surrogates should allow a more organic approach to allocation of new subjects and appropriate linkages between subject hierarchies." (p. 18). Ahija and Satija also suggest that it is necessary to shift from a "subject" focus to a "need" focus when applying classification theory in the digital environment. They find Ranganathan's framework applicable in the digital environment. Although Ranganathan's focus is "subject oriented and hence emphasise the hierarchical and linear relationships" (p. 26), his framework "can be successfully adopted with certain modifications ... in the digital environment." (p. 26). SHAH and KUMAR (Model for System Unification of Geographical Schedules (Space Isolates)) report an a plan to develop a single schedule for geographical Subdivision that could be used across all classification systems. The authors argue that this is needed in order to facilitate interoperability in the digital environment. SAN SEGUNDO MANUEL (The Representation of Knowledge as a Symbolization of Productive Electronic Information) distills different approaches and definitions of the term "representation" as it relates to representation of knowledge in the library and information science literature and field. SHARADA (Linguistic and Document Classification: Paradigmatic Merger Possibilities) suggests the development of a universal indexing language. The foundation for the universal indexing language is Chomsky's Minimalist Program and Ranganathan's analytico-synthetic classification theory; Acording to the author, based an these approaches, it "should not be a problem" (p. 62) to develop a universal indexing language.
SELVI (Knowledge Classification of Digital Information Materials with Special Reference to Clustering Technique) finds that it is essential to classify digital material since the amount of material that is becoming available is growing. Selvi suggests using automated classification to "group together those digital information materials or documents that are "most similar" (p. 65). This can be attained by using Cluster analysis methods. PRADHAN and THULASI (A Study of the Use of Classification and Indexing Systems by Web Resource Directories) compare and contrast the classificatory structures of Google, Yahoo, and Looksmart's directories and compare the directories to Dewey Decimal Classification, Library of Congress Classification and Colon Classification's classificatory structures. They find differentes between the directories' and the bibliographic classification systems' classificatory structures and principles. These differentes stem from the fact that bibliographic classification systems are used to "classify academic resources for the research community" (p. 83) and directories "aim to categorize a wider breath of information groups, entertainment, recreation, govt. information, commercial information" (p. 83). NEELAMEGHAN (Hierarchy, Hierarchical Relation and Hierarchical Arrangement) reviews the concept of hierarchy and the formation of hierarchical structures across a variety of domains. NEELAMEGHAN and PRADAD (Digitized Schemes for Subject Classification and Thesauri: Complementary Roles) demonstrate how thesaural relationships (NT, BT, and RT) can be applied to a classification scheme, the Colon Classification in this Gase. NEELAMEGHAN and ASUNDI (Metadata Framework for Describing Embodied Knowledge and Subject Content) propose to use the Generalized Facet Structure framework which is based an Ranganathan's General Theory of Knowledge Classification as a framework for describing the content of documents in a metadata element set for the representation of web documents. CHUDAMANI (Classified Catalogue as a Tool for Subject Based Information Retrieval in both Traditional and Electronic Library Environment) explains why the classified catalogue is superior to the alphabetic cata logue and argues that the same is true in the digital environment.
PARAMESWARAN (Classification and Indexing: Impact of Classification Theory an PRECIS) reviews the PRECIS system and finds that "it Gould not escape from the impact of the theory of classification" (p. 131). The author further argues that the purpose of classification and subject indexing is the same and that both approaches depends an syntax. This leads to the conclusion that "there is an absolute syntax as the Indian theory of classification points out" (p. 131). SATYAPAL and SANJIVINI SATYAPAL (Classifying Documents According to Postulational Approach: 1. SA TSAN- A Computer Based Learning Package) and SATYAPAL and SANJIVINI SATYAPAL (Classifying Documents According to Postulational Approach: 2. Semi-Automatic Synthesis of CC Numbers) present an application to automate classification using a facet classification system, in this Gase, the Colon Classification system. GAIKAIWARI (An Interactive Application for Faceted Classification Systems) presents an application, called SRR, for managing and using a faceted classification scheme in a digital environment. IYER (Use of Instructional Technology to Support Traditional Classroom Learning: A Case Study) describes a course an "Information and Knowledge Organization" that she teaches at the University at Albany (SUNY). The course is a conceptual course that introduces the student to various aspects of knowledge organization. GOPINATH (Universal Classification: How can it be used?) lists fifteen uses of universal classifications and discusses the entities of a number of disciplines. GOPINATH (Knowledge Classification: The Theory of Classification) briefly reviews the foundations for research in automatic classification, summarizes the history of classification, and places Ranganathan's thought in the history of classification.
Discussion The proceedings of the National Seminar an Classification in the Digital Environment give some insights. However, the depth of analysis and discussion is very uneven across the papers. Some of the papers have substantive research content while others appear to be notes used in the oral presentation. The treatments of the topics are very general in nature. Some papers have a very limited list of references while others have no bibliography. No index has been provided. The transfer of bibliographic knowledge organization theory to the digital environment is an important topic. However, as the papers at this conference have shown, it is also a difficult task. Of the 18 papers presented at this seminar an classification in the digital environment, only 4-5 papers actually deal directly with this important topic. The remaining papers deal with issues that are more or less relevant to classification in the digital environment without explicitly discussing the relation. The reason could be that the authors take up issues in knowledge organization that still need to be investigated and clarified before their application in the digital environment can be considered. Nonetheless, one wishes that the knowledge organization community would discuss the application of classification theory in the digital environment in greater detail. It is obvious from the comparisons of the classificatory structures of bibliographic classification systems and Web directories that these are different and that they probably should be different, since they serve different purposes. Interesting questions in the transformation of bibliographic classification theories to the digital environment are: "Given the existing principles in bibliographic knowledge organization, what are the optimum principles for organization of information, irrespectively of context?" and "What are the fundamental theoretical and practical principles for the construction of Web directories?" Unfortunately, the papers presented at this seminar do not attempt to answer or discuss these questions."

0.034761995 = product of:
  0.06952399 = sum of:
    0.06952399 = product of:
      0.13904798 = sum of:
        0.13904798 = weight(_text_:22 in 3704) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.13904798 = score(doc=3704,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051314447 = queryNorm
            0.77380234 = fieldWeight in 3704, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=3704)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Source

Serials librarian. 22(1992), nos.3/4

0.03441262 = product of:
  0.06882524 = sum of:
    0.06882524 = product of:
      0.13765047 = sum of:
        0.13765047 = weight(_text_:22 in 4698) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.13765047 = score(doc=4698,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051314447 = queryNorm
            0.76602525 = fieldWeight in 4698, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4698)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Issue

Vol.22.

Signature

78 BAHH 1089-22

0.03207356 = product of:
  0.06414712 = sum of:
    0.06414712 = sum of:
      0.008527931 = weight(_text_:a in 684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.008527931 = score(doc=684,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.14413087 = fieldWeight in 684, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=684)
      0.05561919 = weight(_text_:22 in 684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.05561919 = score(doc=684,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 684, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=684)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

Papers presented at a British Library funded workshop, organized by the Information Policy Unit, City University, Department of Information Science, which brought together delegates from research communities and from the 'real world' of policy making at corporate, national, and international levels to discuss information policy

0.030824674 = product of:
  0.06164935 = sum of:
    0.06164935 = sum of:
      0.006030157 = weight(_text_:a in 6320) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.006030157 = score(doc=6320,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.059167966 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.10191591 = fieldWeight in 6320, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6320)
      0.05561919 = weight(_text_:22 in 6320) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.05561919 = score(doc=6320,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17969444 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051314447 = queryNorm
          0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 6320, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6320)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Content

Enthält u.a.: WELSCH, L.A.: Multimedia and hypermedia: model and framework. - BRYAN, M.: Standards for text and hypermedia processing. - POPHAM, M.G.: Use of SGML and HyTime in UK universities. - SCHELLER, A.: The Open Document Architecture (ODA) and its HyperODA extensions. - FROMONT, J.: State-of-the-art regarding the various standards for contents related to text, still images, sound and video. - BROEKMAN, H.J.D.: Effective communication with interactive media