Search (509 results, page 1 of 26)

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Date

17. 7.2002 19:48:22

Editor

Engelien, M. u. J. Homann

Imprint

Lohmar, Köln : J. Eul

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Date

22.10.2006 18:22:51

Editor

Evans, J. u. J. McCreadie

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Abstract

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the First COST Action IC1302 International KEYSTONE Conference on semantic Keyword-based Search on Structured Data Sources, IKC 2015, held in Coimbra, Portugal, in September 2015. The 13 revised full papers, 3 revised short papers, and 2 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 22 initial submissions. The paper topics cover techniques for keyword search, semantic data management, social Web and social media, information retrieval, benchmarking for search on big data.

Content

Inhalt: Professional Collaborative Information Seeking: On Traceability and Creative Sensemaking / Nürnberger, Andreas (et al.) - Recommending Web Pages Using Item-Based Collaborative Filtering Approaches / Cadegnani, Sara (et al.) - Processing Keyword Queries Under Access Limitations / Calì, Andrea (et al.) - Balanced Large Scale Knowledge Matching Using LSH Forest / Cochez, Michael (et al.) - Improving css-KNN Classification Performance by Shifts in Training Data / Draszawka, Karol (et al.) - Classification Using Various Machine Learning Methods and Combinations of Key-Phrases and Visual Features / HaCohen-Kerner, Yaakov (et al.) - Mining Workflow Repositories for Improving Fragments Reuse / Harmassi, Mariem (et al.) - AgileDBLP: A Search-Based Mobile Application for Structured Digital Libraries / Ifrim, Claudia (et al.) - Support of Part-Whole Relations in Query Answering / Kozikowski, Piotr (et al.) - Key-Phrases as Means to Estimate Birth and Death Years of Jewish Text Authors / Mughaz, Dror (et al.) - Visualization of Uncertainty in Tag Clouds / Platis, Nikos (et al.) - Multimodal Image Retrieval Based on Keywords and Low-Level Image Features / Pobar, Miran (et al.) - Toward Optimized Multimodal Concept Indexing / Rekabsaz, Navid (et al.) - Semantic URL Analytics to Support Efficient Annotation of Large Scale Web Archives / Souza, Tarcisio (et al.) - Indexing of Textual Databases Based on Lexical Resources: A Case Study for Serbian / Stankovic, Ranka (et al.) - Domain-Specific Modeling: Towards a Food and Drink Gazetteer / Tagarev, Andrey (et al.) - Analysing Entity Context in Multilingual Wikipedia to Support Entity-Centric Retrieval Applications / Zhou, Yiwei (et al.)

Date

1. 2.2016 18:25:22

Editor

Cardoso, J. et al.

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Content

SIMON, H.R.: Introduction: why analyze bibliographies?; MARTYN, J.: Secondary services and the rising tide of paper; BROOKES, B.C.: Numerical methods of bibliographic analysis; THOMPSON, L.S.: The humanities: a state of the art report; BOTTLE, R.T.: Information obtainable from analyses of scientific bibliographies; SIMON, H.R.: Outlook: the analyses of bibliographies in the future

Source

Library trends. 22(1973), no.1

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Date

22. 7.2000 19:11:50

Editor

Kornadt, H.-J. u.a.

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Abstract

Metadata is a key aspect of our evolving infrastructure for information management, social computing, and scientific collaboration. DC-2008 will focus on metadata challenges, solutions, and innovation in initiatives and activities underlying semantic and social applications. Metadata is part of the fabric of social computing, which includes the use of wikis, blogs, and tagging for collaboration and participation. Metadata also underlies the development of semantic applications, and the Semantic Web - the representation and integration of multimedia knowledge structures on the basis of semantic models. These two trends flow together in applications such as Wikipedia, where authors collectively create structured information that can be extracted and used to enhance access to and use of information sources. Recent discussion has focused on how existing bibliographic standards can be expressed as Semantic Web vocabularies to facilitate the ingration of library and cultural heritage data with other types of data. Harnessing the efforts of content providers and end-users to link, tag, edit, and describe their information in interoperable ways ("participatory metadata") is a key step towards providing knowledge environments that are scalable, self-correcting, and evolvable. DC-2008 will explore conceptual and practical issues in the development and deployment of semantic and social applications to meet the needs of specific communities of practice.

Content

Carol Jean Godby, Devon Smith, Eric Childress: Encoding Application Profiles in a Computational Model of the Crosswalk. - Maria Elisabete Catarino, Ana Alice Baptista: Relating Folksonomies with Dublin Core. - Ed Summers, Antoine Isaac, Clay Redding, Dan Krech: LCSH, SKOS and Linked Data. - Xia Lin, Jiexun Li, Xiaohua Zhou: Theme Creation for Digital Collections. - Boris Lauser, Gudrun Johannsen, Caterina Caracciolo, Willem Robert van Hage, Johannes Keizer, Philipp Mayr: Comparing Human and Automatic Thesaurus Mapping Approaches in the Agricultural Domain. - P. Bryan Heidorn, Qin Wei: Automatic Metadata Extraction From Museum Specimen Labels. - Stuart Allen Sutton, Diny Golder: Achievement Standards Network (ASN): An Application Profile for Mapping K-12 Educational Resources to Achievement Standards. - Allen H. Renear, Karen M. Wickett, Richard J. Urban, David Dubin, Sarah L. Shreeves: Collection/Item Metadata Relationships. - Seth van Hooland, Yves Bontemps, Seth Kaufman: Answering the Call for more Accountability: Applying Data Profiling to Museum Metadata. - Thomas Margaritopoulos, Merkourios Margaritopoulos, Ioannis Mavridis, Athanasios Manitsaris: A Conceptual Framework for Metadata Quality Assessment. - Miao Chen, Xiaozhong Liu, Jian Qin: Semantic Relation Extraction from Socially-Generated Tags: A Methodology for Metadata Generation. - Hak Lae Kim, Simon Scerri, John G. Breslin, Stefan Decker, Hong Gee Kim: The State of the Art in Tag Ontologies: A Semantic Model for Tagging and Folksonomies. - Martin Malmsten: Making a Library Catalogue Part of the Semantic Web. - Philipp Mayr, Vivien Petras: Building a Terminology Network for Search: The KoMoHe Project. - Michael Panzer: Cool URIs for the DDC: Towards Web-scale Accessibility of a Large Classification System. - Barbara Levergood, Stefan Farrenkopf, Elisabeth Frasnelli: The Specification of the Language of the Field and Interoperability: Cross-language Access to Catalogues and Online Libraries (CACAO)

Editor

Greenberg, J. u. W. Klas

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: GRAINGER, J. u. A.M. JACOBS: On localist connectionism and psychological science; HOUGHTON, G. u. S.P. TIPPER: A model of selective attention as a mechanism of cognitive model; BURTON, A.M.: A model of human face recognition; FRAUENFELDER, U.H. u. G. PEETERS: Simulating the time course of spoken word recognition: an analysis of lexical competition in TRACE; JACOBS, A.M. u.a.: MROM-p: an interactive activation, multiple readabout model of orthographic and phonological processes in visual word recognition; DIJKSTRA, T. u. W.J.B. van HEUVEN: The BIA model and bilingual word recognition; PAGE, M. u. D. NORRIS: Modeling immediate serial recall with a localist implementation of the primacy model; SCHADE, U. u. H.-J. EIKMEYER: Modeling the production of object spectifications; GOLDSTONE, R.L.: Hanging together: a connectionist model of similarity; MYUNG, J. u. A.A. PITT: Issues in selecting mathematical models of cognition

Date

1. 6.1999 19:50:22

Editor

Grainger, J. u. A.M. Jacobs

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Abstract

Enthält Beiträge zu folgenden Themen: Die Verantwortung der Politik für die Förderung der Informationsgesellschaft (N. MOORE; F. BODE) - Elektronische Dokumente im Spannungsfeld zwischen Bibliotheken und Verlagen (K.-D. LEHMANN; R. ECKER) - Zugang zu Informationen - Neue Dienstleistungen für den Endnutzer: Neue Dienstleistungen der Firmen (W. LUIJENDIJK; T. RAKOW; V. THURNER; M. SLIVINSKA; B. ROYAN; G. STAAL) - Elektronisches Urheberrecht - Nächste Schritte (J. GASTER; S. NORMAN; H. HEKER) - Metadaten (R. BOURNE) - Bibliotheken in der Informationsgesellschaft - Nationale Initiativen (T. LIDMAN; C. THOMAS) - Effektive Aus- und Weiterbildung als Voraussetzung für die Meisterung der neuen Herausforderungen (H.-G. STORK; B. GALLUS; J. FURNER; M. HAINES)

Date

22. 4.2000 19:04:44

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Content

Enthält u.a.: WELSCH, L.A.: Multimedia and hypermedia: model and framework. - BRYAN, M.: Standards for text and hypermedia processing. - POPHAM, M.G.: Use of SGML and HyTime in UK universities. - SCHELLER, A.: The Open Document Architecture (ODA) and its HyperODA extensions. - FROMONT, J.: State-of-the-art regarding the various standards for contents related to text, still images, sound and video. - BROEKMAN, H.J.D.: Effective communication with interactive media

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Footnote

Rez. in: ABI-Technik 14(1994) H.3, S.269 (D. Schmidmaier); Mitteilungen VÖB 48(1995) H.1, S.65-66 (K. Niedermair); Bibliothek: Forschung u. Praxis 19(1995) H.1, S.127-128 (J. Nafzger-Glöser)

Isbn

3-924659-22-2

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Classification

025.3/071 22

DDC

025.3/071 22

Footnote

Rez. in: KO 33(2006) no.2, S.119-20 (S.S. Intner): "This survey of cataloging education around the world offers readers a rich menu of experiences, educational offerings, and approaches to the subject of cataloging education as it is currently practiced in 24 countries of the world, excluding the United States and Canada. The exclusion does not mean that English-speaking countries are entirely absent from the book, however. Two nations outside North America, South Africa (in one chapter) and Australia (in two chapters), are covered. The chapters are organized geographically, beginning with the African continent, and followed by several each under headings for Asia, Australia (two chapters), Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. Nations whose cataloging education programs are described include (in order of presentation) Botswana, Nigeria, South Africa, China (both the People's Republic of China and Taiwan), India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Austria and Germany (described together in one chapter), Poland, Slovenia, Spain, the British Isles (England, Scotland, and Wales), Argentina, Mexico, Peru, Egypt, Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia. As readers might expect, many chapters reflect common experiences among the countries, particularly regarding the proliferation of subjects in competition with cataloging and classification in library school curricula. There are also some common problems, such as dealing with the changes in education and training prompted by automation. Generally, computer-based cataloging is not a new issue anywhere, although in some areas of the world, catalogers still work with manual systems. Describing cataloging education in Nigeria, J. I. Iwe states: "... the card catalogue is still being used in all libraries, including the University of Calabar library where the only library school in the state exists (p. 33)." In other places, computer infrastructure has developed to a level that supports coursework online. As Linda M. Cloete writes, "The ultimate goal of the training resource program is to develop an online, fully interactive course: an online virtual cataloging classroom (p. 66)."
The eternal debate in the teaching of cataloging over theory versus practice emerges in this volume. As Li Si suggests in describing cataloging education in the People's Republic of China, the matter might be laid at the door of the faculty, stating, "Although the majority of teaching faculty members in the library and information science programs have a solid theoretical foundation from their school education and training, they do not normally possess practical work experience in their field of specialty and they are not familiar with the application of technologies in the field. In order to enhance their practical skills, these faculty members should be given the opportunity to work in libraries... This way, they would be able to put theory into practice and gain rich, practical field experience, thus improving the relevance and quality of their teaching (p. 97)." One wonders how warmly faculty members would welcome that kind of opportunity! On the other hand, in many places, onthe-job training is weak, as Shoichi Taniguchi describes it in Japan, "on the job training and continuing education are neither encouraged nor promoted (p. 132)." Among the most interesting and important aspects of this book are the tables of hard data it presents. Almost every chapter reports on surveys done by the authors on the state of library education in general and/or the kinds of offerings in cataloging and classification available within their countries. Some authors also include statistics on the numbers of persons receiving certificates, diplomas, and/or master's degrees, which is useful in understanding the different levels of expertise being developed over time. While one could argue that there are gaps in coverage, with large, influential countries such as France and Italy in Europe, Brazil, Bolivia, and Chile in South America, and Thailand and Myanmar in Asia, left out of the book, for the most part there is good representation from different parts of the globe. Education for Library Cataloging is a good choice as a textbook for coursework in International Librarianship as well as a primer in what to expect if one's information center is affiliated with partners outside the United States and Canada. This book should be seen as an important "must read" for all library students and practitioners concerned about issues of increasing globalization in bibliographic control. It is highly recommended."

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: EPPING, B.: 100 Millionen Zellen und ein bißchen Strom (Informationsfluß); FLESCHNER, F.: Nicht ganz richtig im Kopf (Hirnschäden); RUBNER, J.: Auf der Spur des kleinen Unterschieds (Hormonhaushalt); REYE, B.: Blinde sehen, Lahme gehen (Neuroimplantate); EBERT, U.: Die Neuro-Industrie (Erkennungsdienst); SCHMITZ, U.: Die Kraft der Gedanken (Mindpower); ZICK, M.: Das Rätsel des Bewußtseins (Geisterjagd); N.N.: Das Beste aus zwei Welten (Online-Medizin); HÄGELE, M.: Literatur-Recherche auf dem Prüfstand (KnowledgeFinder); N.N.: Die Arzthelfer; N.N.: Mit der Stange im Nebel (Internet-Adressen)

Date

22. 7.2000 18:45:51

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Date

9. 1.1996 10:22:31

Source

ASIS'89. Managing information and technology. Proceedings of the 52nd annual meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Washington D.C., 30.10.-2.11.1989. Vol.26. Ed.by J. Katzer and G.B. Newby

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Content

Enthält u.a. folgende Beiträge: HAYEK, I.: Die elektronische Bibliothek Innsbruck; ECKER, R.: Schnelle Dokumentenlieferung mit FastDoc; PIPP, E.: CD-ROM-Datenbanken im LAN der Universität Innsbruck - technische und lizenzrechtliche Probleme für den Systemoperator: PERENSTEINER, R.: Qualitätsinformationen im Internet mit Anbindung an Intranet; SCHILLING, A.: SwetNet - Umfassender Vooltext-Service aus einer Hand; WALKER, J.: SilverPlatter Information - integration of information resources; EBENHOCH, P.: Digitale Vergänglichkeit elektronischer Publikationen; VORHAUER, H. u. R. WITTAUER: Praktische Erfahrung von Knowledge Base mit Lotus Notes in der Pharmamarktforschung; REINISCH,F.: Wer suchet - der findet? oder Die Überwindung der sprachlichen Grenzen bei der Suche in Volltextdatenbanken; ERNST, S.: Bibliotheken im Wandel - das Umdenken am Beispiel Beilstein Crossfire

Date

22. 7.2000 16:34:40

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Date

19.12.2015 11:57:22

Editor

Ludwig, J. u. H. Enke

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Abstract

The 8th International Conference on Conceptual Structures - Logical, Linguistic, and Computational Issues (ICCS 2000) brings together a wide range of researchers and practitioners working with conceptual structures. During the last few years, the ICCS conference series has considerably widened its scope on different kinds of conceptual structures, stimulating research across domain boundaries. We hope that this stimulation is further enhanced by ICCS 2000 joining the long tradition of conferences in Darmstadt with extensive, lively discussions. This volume consists of contributions presented at ICCS 2000, complementing the volume "Conceptual Structures: Logical, Linguistic, and Computational Issues" (B. Ganter, G.W. Mineau (Eds.), LNAI 1867, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg 2000). It contains submissions reviewed by the program committee, and position papers. We wish to express our appreciation to all the authors of submitted papers, to the general chair, the program chair, the editorial board, the program committee, and to the additional reviewers for making ICCS 2000 a valuable contribution in the knowledge processing research field. Special thanks go to the local organizers for making the conference an enjoyable and inspiring event. We are grateful to Darmstadt University of Technology, the Ernst Schröder Center for Conceptual Knowledge Processing, the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Technology, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Land Hessen, and NaviCon GmbH for their generous support

Content

Concepts & Language: Knowledge organization by procedures of natural language processing. A case study using the method GABEK (J. Zelger, J. Gadner) - Computer aided narrative analysis using conceptual graphs (H. Schärfe, P. 0hrstrom) - Pragmatic representation of argumentative text: a challenge for the conceptual graph approach (H. Irandoust, B. Moulin) - Conceptual graphs as a knowledge representation core in a complex language learning environment (G. Angelova, A. Nenkova, S. Boycheva, T. Nikolov) - Conceptual Modeling and Ontologies: Relationships and actions in conceptual categories (Ch. Landauer, K.L. Bellman) - Concept approximations for formal concept analysis (J. Saquer, J.S. Deogun) - Faceted information representation (U. Priß) - Simple concept graphs with universal quantifiers (J. Tappe) - A framework for comparing methods for using or reusing multiple ontologies in an application (J. van ZyI, D. Corbett) - Designing task/method knowledge-based systems with conceptual graphs (M. Leclère, F.Trichet, Ch. Choquet) - A logical ontology (J. Farkas, J. Sarbo) - Algorithms and Tools: Fast concept analysis (Ch. Lindig) - A framework for conceptual graph unification (D. Corbett) - Visual CP representation of knowledge (H.D. Pfeiffer, R.T. Hartley) - Maximal isojoin for representing software textual specifications and detecting semantic anomalies (Th. Charnois) - Troika: using grids, lattices and graphs in knowledge acquisition (H.S. Delugach, B.E. Lampkin) - Open world theorem prover for conceptual graphs (J.E. Heaton, P. Kocura) - NetCare: a practical conceptual graphs software tool (S. Polovina, D. Strang) - CGWorld - a web based workbench for conceptual graphs management and applications (P. Dobrev, K. Toutanova) - Position papers: The edition project: Peirce's existential graphs (R. Mülller) - Mining association rules using formal concept analysis (N. Pasquier) - Contextual logic summary (R Wille) - Information channels and conceptual scaling (K.E. Wolff) - Spatial concepts - a rule exploration (S. Rudolph) - The TEXT-TO-ONTO learning environment (A. Mädche, St. Staab) - Controlling the semantics of metadata on audio-visual documents using ontologies (Th. Dechilly, B. Bachimont) - Building the ontological foundations of a terminology from natural language to conceptual graphs with Ribosome, a knowledge extraction system (Ch. Jacquelinet, A. Burgun) - CharGer: some lessons learned and new directions (H.S. Delugach) - Knowledge management using conceptual graphs (W.K. Pun)

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Source

Serials librarian. 22(1992), nos.3/4

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Issue

Vol.22.

Signature

78 BAHH 1089-22

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: RAU, J.: Nachdenken über den Fortschritt; KAISER, G.: 'Neuroworlds' und der Dialog der Zwei Kulturen; FOERSTER, H. von: Wissenschaft des Unwißbaren; SCMIDT, S.J.: Chimäre Neurophilosophie oder: Gehirn und Kultur; ROTH, G.: Braucht die Hirnforschung die Philosophie?; EMRICH, H.M.: Die Bedeutung des Konstruktivismus für Emotion, Traum und Imagination; CIOMPI, L.: Affektlogik - die Untrennbarkeit von Fühlen und Denken; MAINZER, K.: Aufgaben, Ziele und Grenzen der Neurophilosophie; MATURANA, H.: Neurophilosophie; ZILLES, K.: Vom Seelenorgang zum neuronalen System - historische und gegenwärtige Konzepte zur Lokalissation von Hirnfunktionen: ECCLES, J.C.: Der Dualismus von 'Ich' und Gehirn; STUERMER, C.: Regeneration verletzter Nervenfasern im Zentralnervensystem; STEINMETZ, H.: Inhaltliche Beiträge des 'Neuroimaging' zur 'Decade of the Brain'; MAELICKE, A.: Biochemische Aspekte des alternden Gehirns; FINZEN, A.: Die Wirkung von Alltagsdrogen; COOPER, L.N.: Der Geist als MAschine: Verschrotten wir die menschliche Erfahrung?; MALSBURG, C. von der: Gehirn und Computer; MORIK, K.: Künstliche Intelligenz und Neuroinformatik; FROMHERZ, P.: Die Neuron-Silizium-Verknüpfung; GÖBEL, M.: Die virtuelle Umgebung - eine neue Epoche in der Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation; WEINGARTEN, R.: Die Metapher des Gehirns - zur Mythopoetik der Information; FLOHR, H.: Denken und Bewußtsein; DÖRNER, K.: Neue Ethik für die Hirnforschung? WIDNER, H.: Transplantation von Hirngewebe; HONNEFELDER, L.: Person und Gehirn - zur ethischen Beurteilung der Transplantation von Hirngewebe; FURGER, F.: Der Zugriff auf das Hirn - Gesichtspunkte einer theologische begründeten Ethik; LINKE, D.B.: Ethik kontra Technologie oder neuer Weltentwurf? CATENHUSEN, W.-M.: Ethik und Subpolitik - zur Notwendigkeit eines gesellschaftlichen Diskurses und gesellschaftlicher Entscheidungen zu den Chancen und Risiken der Hirnforschung; FEDROWITZ, J.: Gehirn - Zeitgeist - Kultur: Perspektiven des kulturellen Umgangs mit der Hirnforschung

Date

22. 7.2000 18:38:35

Editor

Fedrowitz, J., D. Matejovski u. G. Kaiser

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Date

2. 1.2004 10:35:22

Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge organization 30(2003) no.1, S.40-42 (J.-E. Mai): "Introduction: This is a collection of papers presented at the National Seminar an Classification in the Digital Environment held in Bangalore, India, an August 9-11 2001. The collection contains 18 papers dealing with various issues related to knowledge organization and classification theory. The issue of transferring the knowledge, traditions, and theories of bibliographic classification to the digital environment is an important one, and I was excited to learn that proceedings from this seminar were available. Many of us experience frustration an a daily basis due to poorly constructed Web search mechanisms and Web directories. As a community devoted to making information easily accessible we have something to offer the Web community and a seminar an the topic was indeed much needed. Below are brief summaries of the 18 papers presented at the seminar. The order of the summaries follows the order of the papers in the proceedings. The titles of the paper are given in parentheses after the author's name. AHUJA and WESLEY (From "Subject" to "Need": Shift in Approach to Classifying Information an the Internet/Web) argue that traditional bibliographic classification systems fall in the digital environment. One problem is that bibliographic classification systems have been developed to organize library books an shelves and as such are unidimensional and tied to the paper-based environment. Another problem is that they are "subject" oriented in the sense that they assume a relatively stable universe of knowledge containing basic and fixed compartments of knowledge that can be identified and represented. Ahuja and Wesley suggest that classification in the digital environment should be need-oriented instead of subjectoriented ("One important link that binds knowledge and human being is his societal need. ... Hence, it will be ideal to organise knowledge based upon need instead of subject." (p. 10)).
AHUJA and SATIJA (Relevance of Ranganathan's Classification Theory in the Age of Digital Libraries) note that traditional bibliographic classification systems have been applied in the digital environment with only limited success. They find that the "inherent flexibility of electronic manipulation of documents or their surrogates should allow a more organic approach to allocation of new subjects and appropriate linkages between subject hierarchies." (p. 18). Ahija and Satija also suggest that it is necessary to shift from a "subject" focus to a "need" focus when applying classification theory in the digital environment. They find Ranganathan's framework applicable in the digital environment. Although Ranganathan's focus is "subject oriented and hence emphasise the hierarchical and linear relationships" (p. 26), his framework "can be successfully adopted with certain modifications ... in the digital environment." (p. 26). SHAH and KUMAR (Model for System Unification of Geographical Schedules (Space Isolates)) report an a plan to develop a single schedule for geographical Subdivision that could be used across all classification systems. The authors argue that this is needed in order to facilitate interoperability in the digital environment. SAN SEGUNDO MANUEL (The Representation of Knowledge as a Symbolization of Productive Electronic Information) distills different approaches and definitions of the term "representation" as it relates to representation of knowledge in the library and information science literature and field. SHARADA (Linguistic and Document Classification: Paradigmatic Merger Possibilities) suggests the development of a universal indexing language. The foundation for the universal indexing language is Chomsky's Minimalist Program and Ranganathan's analytico-synthetic classification theory; Acording to the author, based an these approaches, it "should not be a problem" (p. 62) to develop a universal indexing language.
Discussion The proceedings of the National Seminar an Classification in the Digital Environment give some insights. However, the depth of analysis and discussion is very uneven across the papers. Some of the papers have substantive research content while others appear to be notes used in the oral presentation. The treatments of the topics are very general in nature. Some papers have a very limited list of references while others have no bibliography. No index has been provided. The transfer of bibliographic knowledge organization theory to the digital environment is an important topic. However, as the papers at this conference have shown, it is also a difficult task. Of the 18 papers presented at this seminar an classification in the digital environment, only 4-5 papers actually deal directly with this important topic. The remaining papers deal with issues that are more or less relevant to classification in the digital environment without explicitly discussing the relation. The reason could be that the authors take up issues in knowledge organization that still need to be investigated and clarified before their application in the digital environment can be considered. Nonetheless, one wishes that the knowledge organization community would discuss the application of classification theory in the digital environment in greater detail. It is obvious from the comparisons of the classificatory structures of bibliographic classification systems and Web directories that these are different and that they probably should be different, since they serve different purposes. Interesting questions in the transformation of bibliographic classification theories to the digital environment are: "Given the existing principles in bibliographic knowledge organization, what are the optimum principles for organization of information, irrespectively of context?" and "What are the fundamental theoretical and practical principles for the construction of Web directories?" Unfortunately, the papers presented at this seminar do not attempt to answer or discuss these questions."