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Makewita, S.M.: Investigating the generic information-seeking function of organisational decision-makers : perspectives on improving organisational information systems (2002)
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- Abstract
- The past decade has seen the emergence of a new paradigm in the corporate world where organisations emphasised connectivity as a means of exposing decision-makers to wider resources of information within and outside the organisation. Many organisations followed the initiatives of enhancing infrastructures, manipulating cultural shifts and emphasising managerial commitment for creating pools and networks of knowledge. However, the concept of connectivity is not merely presenting people with the data, but more importantly, to create environments where people can seek information efficiently. This paradigm has therefore caused a shift in the function of information systems in organisations. They have to be now assessed in relation to how they underpin people's information-seeking activities within the context of their organisational environment. This research project used interpretative research methods to investigate the nature of people's information-seeking activities at two culturally contrasting organisations. Outcomes of this research project provide insights into phenomena associated with people's information-seeking function, and show how they depend on the organisational context that is defined partly by information systems. It suggests that information-seeking is not just searching for data. The inefficiencies inherent in both people and their environments can bring opaqueness into people's data, which they need to avoid or eliminate as part of seeking information. This seems to have made information-seeking a two-tier process consisting of a primary process of searching and interpreting data and auxiliary process of avoiding and eliminating opaqueness in data. Based on this view, this research suggests that organisational information systems operate naturally as implicit dual-mechanisms to underpin the above two-tier process, and that improvements to information systems should concern maintaining the balance in these dual-mechanisms.
- Date
- 22. 7.2022 12:16:58
-
Stojanovic, N.: Ontology-based Information Retrieval : methods and tools for cooperative query answering (2005)
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- Abstract
- By the explosion of possibilities for a ubiquitous content production, the information overload problem reaches the level of complexity which cannot be managed by traditional modelling approaches anymore. Due to their pure syntactical nature traditional information retrieval approaches did not succeed in treating content itself (i.e. its meaning, and not its representation). This leads to a very low usefulness of the results of a retrieval process for a user's task at hand. In the last ten years ontologies have been emerged from an interesting conceptualisation paradigm to a very promising (semantic) modelling technology, especially in the context of the Semantic Web. From the information retrieval point of view, ontologies enable a machine-understandable form of content description, such that the retrieval process can be driven by the meaning of the content. However, the very ambiguous nature of the retrieval process in which a user, due to the unfamiliarity with the underlying repository and/or query syntax, just approximates his information need in a query, implies a necessity to include the user in the retrieval process more actively in order to close the gap between the meaning of the content and the meaning of a user's query (i.e. his information need). This thesis lays foundation for such an ontology-based interactive retrieval process, in which the retrieval system interacts with a user in order to conceptually interpret the meaning of his query, whereas the underlying domain ontology drives the conceptualisation process. In that way the retrieval process evolves from a query evaluation process into a highly interactive cooperation between a user and the retrieval system, in which the system tries to anticipate the user's information need and to deliver the relevant content proactively. Moreover, the notion of content relevance for a user's query evolves from a content dependent artefact to the multidimensional context-dependent structure, strongly influenced by the user's preferences. This cooperation process is realized as the so-called Librarian Agent Query Refinement Process. In order to clarify the impact of an ontology on the retrieval process (regarding its complexity and quality), a set of methods and tools for different levels of content and query formalisation is developed, ranging from pure ontology-based inferencing to keyword-based querying in which semantics automatically emerges from the results. Our evaluation studies have shown that the possibilities to conceptualize a user's information need in the right manner and to interpret the retrieval results accordingly are key issues for realizing much more meaningful information retrieval systems.
- Content
- Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.
-
Sperling, R.: Anlage von Literaturreferenzen für Onlineressourcen auf einer virtuellen Lernplattform (2004)
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- Date
- 26.11.2005 18:39:22
- Imprint
- Potsdam : Fachhochschule, Institut für Information und Dokumentation
-
Milanesi, C.: Möglichkeiten der Kooperation im Rahmen von Subject Gateways : das Euler-Projekt im Vergleich mit weiteren europäischen Projekten (2001)
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- Date
- 22. 6.2002 19:41:59
- Theme
- Information Gateway
-
Mair, M.: Increasing the value of meta data by using associative semantic networks (2002)
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- Abstract
- Momentan verbreitete Methoden zur Strukturierung von Information können ihre Aufgabe immer schlechter befriedigend erfüllen. Der Grund dafür ist das explosive Wachstum menschlichen Wissens. Diese Diplomarbeit schlägt als einen möglichen Ausweg die Verwendung assoziativer semantischer Netzwerke vor. Maschinelles Wissensmanagement kann wesentlich intuitiver und einfacher benutzbar werden, wenn man sich die Art und Weise zunutze macht, mit der das menschliche Gehirn Informationen verarbeitet (im Speziellen assoziative Verbindungen). Der theoretische Teil dieser Arbeit diskutiert verschiedene Aspekte eines möglichen Designs eines semantischen Netzwerks mit assoziativen Verbindungen. Außer den Grundelementen und Problemen der Visualisierung werden hauptsächlich Verbesserungen ausgearbeitet, welche ein leistungsstarkes Arbeiten mit einem solchen Netzwerk erlauben. Im praktischen Teil wird ein Netzwerk-Prototyp mit den wichtigsten herausgearbeiteten Merkmalen implementiert. Die Basis der Applikation bildet der Hyperwave Information Server. Dieser detailiiertere Design-Teil gewährt tieferen Einblick in Software Requirements, Use Cases und teilweise auch in Klassendetails. Am Ende wird eine kurze Einführung in die Benutzung des implementierten Prototypen gegeben.
-
Munzner, T.: Interactive visualization of large graphs and networks (2000)
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- Abstract
- Many real-world domains can be represented as large node-link graphs: backbone Internet routers connect with 70,000 other hosts, mid-sized Web servers handle between 20,000 and 200,000 hyperlinked documents, and dictionaries contain millions of words defined in terms of each other. Computational manipulation of such large graphs is common, but previous tools for graph visualization have been limited to datasets of a few thousand nodes. Visual depictions of graphs and networks are external representations that exploit human visual processing to reduce the cognitive load of many tasks that require understanding of global or local structure. We assert that the two key advantages of computer-based systems for information visualization over traditional paper-based visual exposition are interactivity and scalability. We also argue that designing visualization software by taking the characteristics of a target user's task domain into account leads to systems that are more effective and scale to larger datasets than previous work. This thesis contains a detailed analysis of three specialized systems for the interactive exploration of large graphs, relating the intended tasks to the spatial layout and visual encoding choices. We present two novel algorithms for specialized layout and drawing that use quite different visual metaphors. The H3 system for visualizing the hyperlink structures of web sites scales to datasets of over 100,000 nodes by using a carefully chosen spanning tree as the layout backbone, 3D hyperbolic geometry for a Focus+Context view, and provides a fluid interactive experience through guaranteed frame rate drawing. The Constellation system features a highly specialized 2D layout intended to spatially encode domain-specific information for computational linguists checking the plausibility of a large semantic network created from dictionaries. The Planet Multicast system for displaying the tunnel topology of the Internet's multicast backbone provides a literal 3D geographic layout of arcs on a globe to help MBone maintainers find misconfigured long-distance tunnels. Each of these three systems provides a very different view of the graph structure, and we evaluate their efficacy for the intended task. We generalize these findings in our analysis of the importance of interactivity and specialization for graph visualization systems that are effective and scalable.
-
Lorenz, S.: Konzeption und prototypische Realisierung einer begriffsbasierten Texterschließung (2006)
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- Abstract
- Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird eine Vorgehensweise entwickelt, die die Fixierung auf das Wort und die damit verbundenen Schwächen überwindet. Sie gestattet die Extraktion von Informationen anhand der repräsentierten Begriffe und bildet damit die Basis einer inhaltlichen Texterschließung. Die anschließende prototypische Realisierung dient dazu, die Konzeption zu überprüfen sowie ihre Möglichkeiten und Grenzen abzuschätzen und zu bewerten. Arbeiten zum Information Extraction widmen sich fast ausschließlich dem Englischen, wobei insbesondere im Bereich der Named Entities sehr gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Deutlich schlechter sehen die Resultate für weniger regelmäßige Sprachen wie beispielsweise das Deutsche aus. Aus diesem Grund sowie praktischen Erwägungen wie insbesondere der Vertrautheit des Autors damit, soll diese Sprache primär Gegenstand der Untersuchungen sein. Die Lösung von einer engen Termorientierung bei gleichzeitiger Betonung der repräsentierten Begriffe legt nahe, dass nicht nur die verwendeten Worte sekundär werden sondern auch die verwendete Sprache. Um den Rahmen dieser Arbeit nicht zu sprengen wird bei der Untersuchung dieses Punktes das Augenmerk vor allem auf die mit unterschiedlichen Sprachen verbundenen Schwierigkeiten und Besonderheiten gelegt.
- Date
- 22. 3.2015 9:17:30
-
Lehrke, C.: Architektur von Suchmaschinen : Googles Architektur, insb. Crawler und Indizierer (2005)
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- Abstract
- Das Internet mit seinen ständig neuen Usern und seinem extremen Wachstum bringt viele neue Herausforderungen mit sich. Aufgrund dieses Wachstums bedienen sich die meisten Leute der Hilfe von Suchmaschinen um Inhalte innerhalb des Internet zu finden. Suchmaschinen nutzen für die Beantwortung der User-Anfragen Information Retrieval Techniken. Problematisch ist nur, dass traditionelle Information Retrieval (IR) Systeme für eine relativ kleine und zusammenhängende Sammlung von Dokumenten entwickelt wurden. Das Internet hingegen unterliegt einem ständigen Wachstum, schnellen Änderungsraten und es ist über geographisch verteilte Computer verteilt. Aufgrund dieser Tatsachen müssen die alten Techniken erweitert oder sogar neue IRTechniken entwickelt werden. Eine Suchmaschine die diesen Herausforderungen vergleichsweise erfolgreich entgegnet ist Google. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es aufzuzeigen, wie Suchmaschinen funktionieren. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Suchmaschine Google. Kapitel 2 wird sich zuerst mit dem Aufbau von Suchmaschinen im Allgemeinen beschäftigen, wodurch ein grundlegendes Verständnis für die einzelnen Komponenten geschaffen werden soll. Im zweiten Teil des Kapitels wird darauf aufbauend ein Überblick über die Architektur von Google gegeben. Kapitel 3 und 4 dienen dazu, näher auf die beiden Komponenten Crawler und Indexer einzugehen, bei denen es sich um zentrale Elemente im Rahmen von Suchmaschinen handelt.
- Pages
- 22 S
-
Buß, M.: Unternehmenssprache in internationalen Unternehmen : Probleme des Informationstransfers in der internen Kommunikation (2005)
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- Date
- 22. 5.2005 18:25:26
- Theme
- Information Resources Management
-
Düring, M.: ¬Die Dewey Decimal Classification : Entstehung, Aufbau und Ausblick auf eine Nutzung in deutschen Bibliotheken (2003)
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- Abstract
- Die ständig steigende Zahl an publizierter Information in immer neuen Formen verlangt besonders von Informations- und Dokumentationseinrichtungen immer präzisere Lösungen zur Erschließung dieser Informationen und ihrer benutzerfreundlichen Aufbereitung. Besonders im derzeitigen Zeitalter der Datenbanken und Online-Kataloge ist die Kombination von verbaler und klassifikatorischer Sacherschließung gefordert, ohne dabei die Verbindung zu den älteren, vielerorts noch (zumindest zusätzlich) in Verwendung befindlichen, Zettelkatalogen zu verlieren. Weltweit ist eine Vielzahl an verschiedenen Klassifikationen im Einsatz. Die Wahl der für eine Einrichtung passenden Klassifikation ist abhängig von ihrer thematischen und informationellen Ausrichtung, der Größe und Art der Bestände und nicht zuletzt von technischen und personellen Voraussetzungen. Auf Seiten der zu wählenden Klassifikation sind die Einfachheit der Handhabung für den Bibliothekar, die Verständlichkeit für den Benutzer, die Erweiterungsfähigkeit der Klassifikation durch das Aufkommen neuer Wissensgebiete und die Einbindung in informationelle Netze mit anderen Einrichtungen von entscheidender Bedeutung. In dieser Arbeit soll die Dewey Dezimalklassifikation (DDC) hinsichtlich dieser Punkte näher beleuchtet werden. Sie ist die weltweit am häufigsten benutzte Klassifikation. Etwa 200.000 Bibliotheken in 135 Ländern erschließen ihre Bestände mit diesem System. Sie liegt derzeit bereits in der 22. ungekürzten Auflage vor und wurde bisher in 30 Sprachen übersetzt. Eine deutsche Komplettübersetzung wird im Jahre 2005 erscheinen. Trotz teils heftig geführter Standardisierungsdebatten und Plänen für die Übernahme von amerikanischen Formalerschließungsregeln herrscht in Bezug auf die Sacherschließung unter deutschen Bibliotheken wenig Einigkeit. Die DDC ist in Deutschland und anderen europäischen Ländern kaum verbreitet, sieht von Großbritannien und von der Verwendung in Bibliografien ab. Diese Arbeit geht demzufolge auf die historischen Gründe dieser Entwicklung ein und wagt einen kurzen Ausblick in die Zukunft der Dezimalklassifikation.
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Kirk, J.: Theorising information use : managers and their work (2002)
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- Abstract
- The focus of this thesis is information use. Although a key concept in information behaviour, information use has received little attention from information science researchers. Studies of other key concepts such as information need and information seeking are dominant in information behaviour research. Information use is an area of interest to information professionals who rely on research outcomes to shape their practice. There are few empirical studies of how people actually use information that might guide and refine the development of information systems, products and services.
- Theme
- Information
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Haller, S.H.M.: Mappingverfahren zur Wissensorganisation (2002)
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- Date
- 30. 5.2010 16:22:35
-
Ewert, H.: Aktuelle Tendenzen der Fachinformationspolitik in Deutschland : Das interdisziplinäre Metaportal Vascoda (2004)
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- Imprint
- Potsdam : Fachhochschule, Institut für Information und Dokumentation
- Theme
- Information Gateway
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Bade, C.: Entwicklungstendenzen in der historischen Fachinformation : Das Portal Zeitgeschichte-online. Ein Beispiel für ein fachwissenschaftliches Informationssystem im Internet (2005)
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- Imprint
- Potsdam : Fachhochschule, Institut für Information und Dokumentation
- Theme
- Information Gateway
-
Semenova, E.: Erstellung einer Dokumentationssprache : Am Beispiel der Oberbegriffsdatei für die Sonderausstellungsdatenbank im Institut für Museumskunde, Berlin (2004)
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- Footnote
- Abschlussarbeit am Institut für Information und Dokumentation an der Fachhochschule Potsdam
- Imprint
- Potsdam : Institut für Information und Dokumentation
-
Wunderlich, B.: ¬Die wissenschaftliche Erschließung von Bekleidung mit systematischen Ordnungssystemen im musealen Kontext : Wie bekommt man Hemd und Hose in die Datenbank? (2005)
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- Footnote
- Abschlussarbeit am Institut für Information und Dokumentation an der Fachhochschule Potsdam
- Imprint
- Potsdam : Institut für Information und Dokumentation
-
López Vargas, M.A.: "Ilmenauer Verteiltes Information REtrieval System" (IVIRES) : eine neue Architektur zur Informationsfilterung in einem verteilten Information Retrieval System (2002)
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-
Hoffmann, R.: Mailinglisten für den bibliothekarischen Informationsdienst am Beispiel von RABE (2000)
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- Date
- 22. 2.2000 10:25:05
- Series
- Kölner Arbeitspapiere zur Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft; Bd.22
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Thielemann, A.: Sacherschließung für die Kunstgeschichte : Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von DDC 700: The Arts (2007)
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- Abstract
- Nach der Veröffentlichung einer deutschen Übersetzung der Dewey Decimal Classification 22 im Oktober 2005 und ihrer Nutzung zur Inhaltserschließung in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie seit Januar 2006 stellt sich aus Sicht der deutschen kunsthistorischen Spezialbibliotheken die Frage nach einer möglichen Verwendung der DDC und ihrer generellen Eignung zur Inhalterschließung kunsthistorischer Publikationen. Diese Frage wird vor dem Hintergrund der bestehenden bibliothekarischen Strukturen für die Kunstgeschichte sowie mit Blick auf die inhaltlichen Besonderheiten, die Forschungsmethodik und die publizistischen Traditionen dieses Faches erörtert.
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Glockner, M.: Semantik Web : Die nächste Generation des World Wide Web (2004)
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- Imprint
- Potsdam : Fachhochschule, Institut für Information und Dokumentation
