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  • × year_i:[1980 TO 1990}
  1. Ingwersen, P.; Wormell, I.: Modern indexing and retrieval techniques matching different types of information needs (1989) 0.10
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    Source
    International forum on information and documentation. 14(1989), S.17-22
  2. Dhyani, P.: Universe of subjects and DDC engineering (1987) 0.08
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    Source
    International classification. 14(1987), S.19-22
  3. Walker, S.: ¬The Okapi online catalogue research projects (1989) 0.07
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    Date
    16. 8.1998 11:22:08
    Footnote
    Wiederabgedruckt in: Readings in information retrieval. Ed.: K. Sparck Jones u. P. Willett. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann 1997. S.424-435.
  4. Biebricher, N.; Fuhr, N.; Lustig, G.; Schwantner, M.; Knorz, G.: ¬The automatic indexing system AIR/PHYS : from research to application (1988) 0.07
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    Date
    16. 8.1998 12:51:22
    Footnote
    Wiederabgedruckt in: Readings in information retrieval. Ed.: K. Sparck Jones u. P. Willett. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann 1997. S.513-517.
  5. Jonas, H.: Geist, Natur und Schöpfung : Kosmologischer Befund und kosmogonische Vermutung (1989) 0.07
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    Date
    18. 6.2021 16:15:22
    Source
    Geist und Natur: über den Widerspruch zwischen naturwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis und philosophischer Welterfahrung ; Kongress Geist und Natur, vom 21. bis 27. Mai 1988 in Hannover. Hrsg.: H.-P. Dürr u. W.C. Zimmerli
  6. Rolland-Thomas, P.: AACR2: one step towards an international code (1983) 0.06
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    Date
    6. 1.2007 19:12:22
  7. Fairthorne, R.A.: Temporal structure in bibliographic classification (1985) 0.05
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    Abstract
    This paper, presented at the Ottawa Conference an the Conceptual Basis of the Classification of Knowledge, in 1971, is one of Fairthorne's more perceptive works and deserves a wide audience, especially as it breaks new ground in classification theory. In discussing the notion of discourse, he makes a "distinction between what discourse mentions and what discourse is about" [emphasis added], considered as a "fundamental factor to the relativistic nature of bibliographic classification" (p. 360). A table of mathematical functions, for example, describes exactly something represented by a collection of digits, but, without a preface, this table does not fit into a broader context. Some indication of the author's intent ls needed to fit the table into a broader context. This intent may appear in a title, chapter heading, class number or some other aid. Discourse an and discourse about something "cannot be determined solely from what it mentions" (p. 361). Some kind of background is needed. Fairthorne further develops the theme that knowledge about a subject comes from previous knowledge, thus adding a temporal factor to classification. "Some extra textual criteria are needed" in order to classify (p. 362). For example, "documents that mention the same things, but are an different topics, will have different ancestors, in the sense of preceding documents to which they are linked by various bibliographic characteristics ... [and] ... they will have different descendants" (p. 363). The classifier has to distinguish between documents that "mention exactly the same thing" but are not about the same thing. The classifier does this by classifying "sets of documents that form their histories, their bibliographic world lines" (p. 363). The practice of citation is one method of performing the linking and presents a "fan" of documents connected by a chain of citations to past work. The fan is seen as the effect of generations of documents - each generation connected to the previous one, and all ancestral to the present document. Thus, there are levels in temporal structure-that is, antecedent and successor documents-and these require that documents be identified in relation to other documents. This gives a set of documents an "irrevocable order," a loose order which Fairthorne calls "bibliographic time," and which is "generated by the fact of continual growth" (p. 364). He does not consider "bibliographic time" to be an equivalent to physical time because bibliographic events, as part of communication, require delay. Sets of documents, as indicated above, rather than single works, are used in classification. While an event, a person, a unique feature of the environment, may create a class of one-such as the French Revolution, Napoleon, Niagara Falls-revolutions, emperors, and waterfalls are sets which, as sets, will subsume individuals and make normal classes.
    The fan of past documents may be seen across time as a philosophical "wake," translated documents as a sideways relationship and future documents as another fan spreading forward from a given document (p. 365). The "overlap of reading histories can be used to detect common interests among readers," (p. 365) and readers may be classified accordingly. Finally, Fairthorne rejects the notion of a "general" classification, which he regards as a mirage, to be replaced by a citation-type network to identify classes. An interesting feature of his work lies in his linkage between old and new documents via a bibliographic method-citations, authors' names, imprints, style, and vocabulary - rather than topical (subject) terms. This is an indirect method of creating classes. The subject (aboutness) is conceived as a finite, common sharing of knowledge over time (past, present, and future) as opposed to the more common hierarchy of topics in an infinite schema assumed to be universally useful. Fairthorne, a mathematician by training, is a prolific writer an the foundations of classification and information. His professional career includes work with the Royal Engineers Chemical Warfare Section and the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE). He was the founder of the Computing Unit which became the RAE Mathematics Department.
  8. Claassen, W.; Cornelius, P.; Ehrmann, D.; Tanghe, P.: Fachwissen Online-Recherche : Suchstrategien in Online-Datenbanken (1988) 0.04
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  9. Schultz, P.: ¬The researchers view of subject access (1981) 0.04
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  10. Keyword catalogues and the free language approach (1985) 0.04
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    Editor
    Bryant, P.
  11. Software-Ergonomie (1987) 0.04
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    Editor
    Fähnrich, K.-P.
  12. Heckel, P.: Elements of friendly software design (1984) 0.04
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  13. Dahlberg, I.: Conceptual definitions for INTERCONCEPT (1981) 0.03
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    Source
    International classification. 8(1981), S.16-22
  14. Pietris, M.K.D.: LCSH update (1988) 0.03
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    Source
    Cataloguing Australia. 13(1988), S.19-22
  15. Woods, W.A.: What's important about knowledge representation? (1983) 0.03
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    Source
    Computer. 16(1983) no.10, S.22-27
  16. Pettee, J.: ¬The subject approach to books and the development of the dictionary catalog (1985) 0.03
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    Abstract
    Julia Pettee's contribution to classification theory came about as part of her work an subject headings. Pettee (1872-1967) was for many years librarian of the Union Theological Seminary in New York and was best known for the classification system she developed for the seminary and as the author of the book Subiect Headings. She was one of the first to call attention to the fact that there was a classification system in subject headings. It was, as she put it, "completely concealed when scattered through the alphabetical sequence" (p. 98). On the other hand, she recognized that an index entry was a pointing device and existed to show users specific terms. Index terms, unlike subject headings, could be manipulated, inverted, repeated, and stated in as many words as might be desired. The subject heading, she reiterated, had in it "some idea of classification," but was designed to pull together like material and, unlike the index term, would have limited capability for supplying access by way of synonyms, catchwords, or other associative forms. It is interesting that she also thought of the subject heading in context as forming a three-dimensional system. Logically this is the case whenever one attempts to reach beyond the conventional hierarchy as described an a plane surface, and, in fact, thought out as if the classification were an a plane surface. Pettee described this dimension variously as names "reaching up and over the surface ... hands clasp[ing] in the air" from an individual term (pp. 99-100). Or, in other context, as the mapping of "the many third-dimensional criss-crossing relationships of subject headings." (p. 103) Investigations following Pettee's insight have shown the nature and the degree of the classification latent in subject headings and also in the cross-references of all indexing systems using cross-references of the associative type ("see also" or equivalent terminology). More importantly, study of this type of connection has revealed jumps in logic and meaning caused by homographs or homonyms and resulting in false connections in classification. Standardized rules for making thesauri have prevented some of the more glaring non sequiturs, but much more still needs to be done. The whole area of "related terms", for example, needs to be brought under control, especially in terms of classification mapping.
    Footnote
    Original in: Pettee, J.: The history and theory of the alphabetical subject approach to books. New York: Wilson 1946. S.22-25.
  17. Bryan, M.: SGML: an author's guide to the Standard Generalized Markup Language (1988) 0.03
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  18. Greenberg, A.M.: ¬An author index to Library of Congress Classification: class P, subclasses PN, PR, PS, PZ; general literature, english, juvenile belles lettres (1981) 0.03
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    Signature
    Al 12b LC -P-
  19. Ingwersen, P.; Johansen, T.; Timmermann, P.: User-librarian negotiations and search procedures : a progress report (1980) 0.03
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  20. Gehirn und Nervensystem : woraus sie bestehen - wie sie funktionieren - was sie leisten (1988) 0.03
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    Date
    22. 7.2000 18:22:27

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