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Abstract

»Wann versteht mich mein Computer endlich?« So könnte man die Quintessenz der 1. DGI-Konferenz, ausgerichtet von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Informationswissenschaft und Informationspraxis (DGI) anlässlich der diesjährigen Frankfurter Buchmesse zusammenfassen, in deren Rahmen zugleich die 62. DGI-Jahrestagung stattgefunden hat. Unter dem Motto »Semantic Web & Linked Data - Elemente zukünftiger Informationsinfrastrukturen« kamen vom 7. bis 9. Oktober 2010 über 400 Informationsfachleute aus Wissenschaft, Bildung, Verwaltung, Wirtschaft und Bibliotheken zusammen, um ihre Arbeiten und Erkenntnisse zur nächsten Generation der Webtechnologien vorzustellen und untereinander zu diskutieren.

Source

BuB. 63(2011) H.1, S.22-23

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Footnote

Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].

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Date

17. 2.2018 18:54:23

Theme

Klassifikationstheorie: Elemente / Struktur

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Abstract

Eric Mülling untersucht den Einfluss von Massendatenauswertung auf Netzaktivisten. Dazu interviewt der Autor u.a. den ehemaligen WikiLeaks-Aktivisten Daniel Domscheit-Berg, netzpolitik.org-Redakteur Andre Meister sowie die Netzkünstler Carmen Weisskopf und Domagoj Smoljo der !Mediengruppe Bitnik. Grundlage des Buches ist die politische Theorie des zivilen Ungehorsams. Durch die Analyse der Experteninterviews nach Identität, Subkultur, Gewissensentscheidung und Strategie entsteht die Idee zu einer eigenen Konzeption digitalen Ungehorsams. Die anschließende Darstellung der Effekte von Big Data auf die digitalen Protestakteure zeigt, wie die neue Technologie die Aktivisten gleichermaßen bedroht wie motiviert.

BK

05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

Classification

05.20 Kommunikation und Gesellschaft

Date

23. 3.2019 17:54:06

Footnote

Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft 2019, H.4, S.92-93 (A. Lobe): "Der Autor hat eine theoretisch fundierte, kenntnisreiche und methodisch saubere Dissertation vorgelegt, die den Lesern die politische Dimension des Datensammelns vor Augen führt ... . Mülling hat mehrere Jahre an der Schnittstelle von Informatik und Politikwissenschaft geforscht ... . Im theoretischen Teil wären noch etwas mehr Verweise auf Nachbardisziplinen wie die Medienwissenschaft wünschenswert gewesen, wo der italienische Medientheoretiker und Philosoph Matteo Pasquinelli mit seinem Aufsatz zur »Gesellschaft der Metadaten« ein Grundlagenkonzept erarbeitet hat. Auch das Konzept des digitalen Ungehorsams wirkt in der Gesamtschau etwas unterspezifiziert. Müllings Dissertation ist dennoch ein wichtiger Debattenbeitrag, der sich wohltuend vom Jargon der Politikwissenschaft abhebt und einem interessierten Fachpublikum empfohlen werden kann."

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Date

5. 6.2016 17:23:26

Footnote

https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.univie.ac.at%2Findex.php%2Fvoebm%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F5332%2F5271%2F&usg=AOvVaw2yQdFGHlmOwVls7ANCpTii.

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Source

Cataloging and classification quarterly. 57(2019) no.1, S.5-23

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Abstract

Werden Maschinen mit Begriffen beschrieben, die ursprünglich der Beschreibung des Menschen dienen, so liegt zunächst der Verdacht nahe, dass jene Maschinen spezifischmenschliche Fähigkeiten oder Eigenschaften besitzen. Für körperliche Fähigkeiten, die mechanisch nachgeahmt werden, hat sich in der Alltagssprache eine anthropomorphisierende Sprechweise bereits etabliert. So wird kaum in Frage gestellt, dass bestimmte Maschinen weben, backen, sich bewegen oder arbeiten können. Bei nichtkörperlichen Eigenschaften, etwa kognitiver, sozialer oder moralischer Art sieht dies jedoch anders aus. Dass mittlerweile intelligente und rechnende Maschinen im alltäglichen Sprachgebrauch Eingang gefunden haben, wäre jedoch undenkbar ohne den langjährigen Diskurs über Künstliche Intelligenz, welcher insbesondere die zweite Hälfte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts geprägt hat. In jüngster Zeit ist es der Autonomiebegriff, welcher zunehmend Verwendung zur Beschreibung neuer Technologien findet, wie etwa "autonome mobile Roboter" oder "autonome Systeme". Dem Begriff nach rekurriert die "Autonomie" jener Technologien auf eine bestimmte Art technologischen Fortschritts, die von der Fähigkeit zur Selbstgesetzgebung herrührt. Dies wirft aus philosophischer Sicht jedoch die Frage auf, wie die Selbstgesetzgebung in diesem Fall definiert ist, zumal sich der Autonomiebegriff in der Philosophie auf die politische oder moralische Selbstgesetzgebung von Menschen oder Menschengruppen beziehungsweise ihre Handlungen bezieht. Im Handbuch Robotik hingegen führt der Autor geradezu beiläufig die Bezeichnung "autonom" ein, indem er prognostiziert, dass "[.] autonome Roboter in Zukunft sogar einen Großteil der Altenbetreuung übernehmen werden."

Footnote

Vgl. unter: https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwizweHljdbcAhVS16QKHXcFD9QQFjABegQICRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F271200105_Die_Autonomie_des_Menschen_und_der_Maschine_-_gegenwartige_Definitionen_von_Autonomie_zwischen_philosophischem_Hintergrund_und_technologischer_Umsetzbarkeit_Redigierte_Version_der_Magisterarbeit_Karls&usg=AOvVaw06orrdJmFF2xbCCp_hL26q.

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Date

19. 3.2015 16:29:52

Source

Dialog mit Bibliotheken. 23(2011) H.1, S.xx-xx

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Abstract

Der Wissenschaftsphilosoph Klaus Mainzer (geb. 1947) forscht und lehrt an der Technischen Universität München und ist Direktor der Carl-Linde-Akademie. Bekannte von ihm verfasste Bücher sind "Leben als Maschine? - Von der Systembiologie zur Robotik und Künstlichen Intelligenz", "Der kreative Zufall - Wie das Neue in die Welt kommt" und "Komplexe Systeme und Nichtlineare Dynamik in Natur und Gesellschaft". 2014 erschien sein bislang jüngstes Werk "Die Berechnung der Welt - Von der Weltformel bis zu Big Data". Im Gespräch mit Reinhard Jellen bekennt er sich dazu, Grundlagen erklären zu wollen, und beklagt, dass Mathematiklehrer heute häufig keine Ahnung mehr von Physik haben.

Date

23. 3.2016 13:06:38

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Date

23. 1.2014 14:30:23

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Source

Paradigms and conceptual systems in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the Eleventh International ISKO Conference, 23-26 February 2010 Rome, Italy. Edited by Claudio Gnoli and Fulvio Mazzocchi

Theme

Klassifikationstheorie: Elemente / Struktur

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Content

"Es gibt Daten, Informationen und Fakten. Wenn man mir eine Zahlenreihe vorsetzt, dann handelt es sich um Daten: unterscheidbare Einheiten, im Fachjargon: Items. Wenn man mir sagt, dass diese Items stündliche Temperaturangaben der Aare im Berner Marzilibad bedeuten, dann verfüge ich über Information - über interpretierte Daten. Wenn man mir sagt, dies seien die gemessenen Aaretemperaturen am 22. August 2016 im Marzili, dann ist das ein Faktum: empirisch geprüfte interpretierte Daten. Dieser Dreischritt - Unterscheiden, Interpretieren, Prüfen - bildet quasi das Bindemittel des Faktischen, «the matter of fact». Wir alle führen den Dreischritt ständig aus und gelangen so zu einem relativ verlässlichen Wissen und Urteilsvermögen betreffend die Dinge des Alltags. Aber wie schon die Kurzcharakterisierung durchblicken lässt, bilden Fakten nicht den Felsengrund der Realität. Sie sind kritikanfällig, sowohl von der Interpretation wie auch von der Prüfung her gesehen. Um bei unserem Beispiel zu bleiben: Es kann durchaus sein, dass man uns zwei unterschiedliche «faktische» Temperaturverläufe der Aare am 22. August 2016 vorsetzt.
- Das Amen des postmodernen Denkens Was nun? Wir führen den Unterschied zum Beispiel auf Ablesefehler (also auf falsche Interpretation) zurück oder aber auf verschiedene Messmethoden. Sofort ist ein Deutungsspielraum offen. Nietzsches berühmtes Wort hallt wider, dass es nur Interpretationen, keine Fakten gebe. Oder wie es im Englischen heisst: «Facts are factitious» - Fakten sind Artefakte, sie sind künstlich. Diese Ansicht ist quasi das Amen des postmodernen Denkens. Und als besonders tückisch an ihr entpuppt sich ihre Halbwahrheit. Es stimmt, dass Fakten oft das Ergebnis eines langwierigen Erkenntnisprozesses sind, vor allem heute, wo wir es immer mehr mit Aussagen über komplexe Systeme wie Migrationsdynamik, Meteorologie oder Märkte zu tun bekommen. Der Interpretationsdissens unter Experten ist ja schon fast sprichwörtlich.
- Als eine regelrechte Sumpfblüte aus dem Szenario des «Bullshits» präsentiert sich der republikanische Präsidentschaftskandidat Donald Trump. Aber Künstlichkeit des Faktischen bedeutet nun gerade nicht Unverbindlichkeit. Dieser Fehlschluss stellt sich nicht nur für die Erkenntnistheorie als ruinös heraus, sondern vor allem auch für die Demokratie. Zur Erläuterung benütze ich drei politische Szenarien: jenes der Wahrheit, jenes der Macht und jenes des «Bullshits». Im Szenario der Wahrheit überprüfen wir eine Aussage, bis wir den robusten Konsens für einen Entscheid gefunden haben: Die Aussage ist wahr oder falsch, tertium non datur. Lügner werden überführt, wie US-Aussenminister Colin Powell, der 2003 in der Uno die Intervention im Irak mit falschen faktischen Behauptungen begründete. Dieser Makel haftet ihm bis heute an. Dies gerade auch - und das muss man ihm zugutehalten -, weil Powell das Szenario der Wahrheit anerkennt. George W. Bush und seine Kamarilla im Irakkrieg etablierten dagegen das Szenario der Macht.
- Bewirtschaftung von Launen Bewirtschaftung von Launen: Das ist die politische Verlockung des postfaktischen Zeitalters. Ihr kommt die Internetgesellschaft als «Nichtwissenwollengesellschaft» entgegen. Wir fragen nicht, wie man objektives Wissen gewinnt und wie es begründet ist. Wir googeln. Wir haben die Suchmaschine bereits dermassen internalisiert, dass wir Wissen und Googeln gleichsetzen. Das führt zum gefährlichen Zustand erkenntnistheoretischer Verantwortungslosigkeit. Google-Wissen ist Wissensersatz. Es treibt uns das «Sapere aude» Kants aus: Wagnis und Mut, nach Gründen zu fragen, eine Aussage zu prüfen, bis wir herausgefunden haben, ob sie stimmt oder nicht. Demokratie ist der politische Raum, der uns das Recht für dieses Fragen und Prüfen gibt. In ihm beugt sich die Macht dem Argument, nicht das Argument sich der Macht. Allein schon indem man dies ausspricht, muss man zugeben, dass von einem gefährdeten Ideal die Rede ist. Die Zersetzung der Demokratie beginnt mit der Zersetzung ihrer erkenntnistheoretischen Grundlagen. Das heisst, sie ist bereits im Gange. Zeit, dass wir uns bewusstmachen, was auf dem Spiel steht."

Date

24. 8.2016 9:29:24

Source

http://www.nzz.ch/meinung/kommentare/googeln-statt-wissen-das-postfaktische-zeitalter-ld.111900

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Abstract

Mit dem In-Beziehung-Setzen und Verlinken von Daten im Internet wird der Weg zur Umsetzung des semantischen Webs geebnet. Erst die semantische Verbindung von heterogenen Datenbeständen ermöglicht übergreifende Suchvorgänge und späteres "Machine Learning". Im Artikel werden die Aktivitäten der Europäischen Digitalen Bibliothek im Bereich des Metadatenmanagements und der semantischen Verlinkung von Daten skizziert. Dabei wird einerseits ein kurzer Überblick zu aktuellen Forschungsschwerpunkten und Umsetzungsstrategien gegeben, und darüber hinaus werden einzelne Projekte und maßgeschneiderte Serviceangebote für naturhistorische Daten, regionale Kultureinrichtungen und Audiosammlungen beschrieben.

Date

5. 6.2016 17:23:26

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Date

23. 3.2013 11:17:39
7. 4.2015 17:22:03

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Date

25. 7.2017 12:24:23
1. 2.2019 12:50:22

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Abstract

Postfaktisch, Fake News, alternative Fakten - diese Begriffe haben sich spätestens 2016 während des US-amerikanischen Wahl­kampfes und im Zuge der Abstim­mung über den Verbleib Groß­britanniens in der Europäischen Union im deutschen Sprach­gebrauch etabliert. Es war und ist schwer zu fassen, in welchem Ausmaß Politiker und deren Anhänger auch in demo­kratischen Ländern falsche Behaup­tungen auf­stellen und damit argumentative und schließlich politische Erfolge erlangen können. Die öffentliche Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Phänomen hat dazu geführt, dass diese Vokabeln 2017 in den Duden aufgenommen wurden und postfaktisch sogar von der Gesellschaft für Deutsche Sprache zum Wort des Jahres 2016 erklärt wurde.

Issue

[23. November 2018].

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: JOHANNES FÜLBERTH: Indizierung in Bibliotheken heute GABRIELE BEGER: Das Recht auf Vergessen MONIKA MORAVETZ-KUHLMANN: Porn, Bombs and Revisionism. Zum Umgang mit 'problematischer Literatur' in einer großen Forschungsbibliothek SIEGFRIED LOKATIS: Giftschränke im Leseland. Die Sperrmagazine der DDR unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Deutschen Bücherei THOMAS BÜRGER: Heilsames Gift? Politische Aufklärung durch digitale Bereitstellung von NS-Zeitungen STEPHAN KELLNER: Nationalsozialistisches Schrifttum in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek nach 1945 und heute. Das Pflichtexemplar als Politikum ARNE ACKERMANN, ASTRID MECKL: Freiheit versus Restriktionen. Von der Verantwortung Öffentlicher Bibliotheken bei medialen Gefährdungen HERMANN RÖSCH: Filtersoftware in Bibliotheken. Unzulässige Zensur oder notwendiges Instrument des Jugendschutzes und der Qualitätskontrolle? KLAUS CEYNOWA: Content ohne Context? Grenzen der "Offenheit" digitaler Sammlungen

Date

25. 7.2017 12:24:23

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Date

6. 5.2017 18:43:23

Theme

Klassifikationstheorie: Elemente / Struktur

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Content

Vortrag, anlässlich der SWIB 2010, 29./30.11.2010 in Köln.

Date

13. 2.2011 20:22:23

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Abstract

Am 23. und 24. November 2011 fand die 61. Sitzung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Verbundsysteme auf Einladung des Hessischen Bibliotheks- und Informationssystems (HeBIS) statt. Der folgende Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die gemeinsamen Aktivitäten der deutschsprachigen Verbünde aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz sowie eine Übersicht der aktuellen Arbeiten und Projekte der Mitglieder der AG Verbund mit Stand Dezember 2011.

Date

29. 5.2012 18:32:18