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Content

Section 1 Context and purpose of knowledge architecture -- 1 Making the case for knowledge architecture -- 2 The landscape of knowledge assets -- 3 Knowledge architecture and design -- 4 Knowledge architecture reference model -- 5 Knowledge architecture segments -- Section 2 Designing for availability -- 6 Knowledge object modeling -- 7 Knowledge structures for encoding, formatting, and packaging -- 8 Functional architecture for identification and distinction -- 9 Functional architectures for knowledge asset disposition and destruction -- 10 Functional architecture designs for knowledge preservation and conservation -- Section 3 Designing for accessibility -- 11 Functional architectures for knowledge seeking and discovery -- 12 Functional architecture for knowledge search -- 13 Functional architecture for knowledge categorization -- 14 Functional architectures for indexing and keywording -- 15 Functional architecture for knowledge semantics -- 16 Functional architecture for knowledge abstraction and surrogation -- Section 4 Functional architectures to support knowledge consumption -- 17 Functional architecture for knowledge augmentation, derivation, and synthesis -- 18 Functional architecture to manage risk and harm -- 19 Functional architectures for knowledge authentication and provenance -- 20 Functional architectures for securing knowledge assets -- 21 Functional architectures for authorization and asset management -- Section 5 Pulling it all together - the big picture knowledge architecture -- 22 Functional architecture for knowledge metadata and metainformation -- 23 The whole knowledge architecture - pulling it all together

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Classification

327.12 22

DDC

327.12 22

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.303-305 (L. Hayden): "Part history and part call to action, Covert and Overt examines the relationship between the disciplines of intelligence service and information science. The book is significant in that it captures both the rich history of partnership between the fields, and because it demonstrates clearly the incomplete nature of our understanding of that partnership. In the post-9/11 world, such understanding is increasingly important, as we struggle with the problem of transforming information into intelligence and intelligence into effective policy. Information science has an important role to play in meeting these challenges, but the sometimesambiguous nature of the field combined with similar uncertainties over what constitutes intelligence, makes any attempt at definitive answers problematic. The book is a collection of works from different contributors, in the words of one editor "not so much a created work as an aggregation" (p. 1). More than just an edited collection of papers, the book draws from the personal experiences of several prominent information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals from World War II onward. The result is a book that feels very personal and at times impassioned. The contributors attempt to shed light on an often-closed community of practice, a discipline that depends simultaneously on access to information and on secrecy. Intelligence, like information science, is also a discipline that finds itself increasingly attracted to and dependent upon technology, and an underlying question of the book is where and how technology benefits intelligence (as opposed to only masking more fundamental problems of process and analysis and providing little or no actual value).

Isbn

1-57387-234-2

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Isbn

1-85739-017-2

Issue

2., überarb. Aufl.

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Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge organization 26(1999) no.2, S.104-105 (M. Dowding)

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Content

Inhalt: 1 Information und Legende 2 Erblasten - Wer hat die Naturwissenschaften naturalisiert? - Wer hat die Theorie formalisiert? - Wer hat die Kommunikation mechanisiert? 3 Dogmengeschichten - Semiotik (Zeichentheorie) - Kybernetik (Maschinentheorie) - Politik (Erfolgstheorie) - Die Pfade des Irrtums 4 Informationsbegriffe heute - Der Nachrichtenkomplex - Das Geschwätz der Moleküle und Neuronen - Das Geistlose in der Maschine 5 Methodische Reparaturen - Üblichkeiten und Zwecke als Investition - Für Reden verantwortlich - Kommunizieren und Informieren, terminologisch - Leistungsgleichheit und technische Imitation - Modelle des Natürlichen 6 Konsequenzen

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Footnote

1. historisch (die Gegenwart aus der Vergangheit heraus verstehen) 2. konstruktivistisch (Individuen konstruieren unter dem Einfluss ihres sozialen Kontexts das Verständnis ihrer Welten) 3. diskursanalytisch (Sprache konstituiert die Konstruktion der Identität und die Ausbildung von Bedeutungen) 4. philosophisch-analytisch (rigorose Analyse von Begriffen und Thesen) 5. kritische Theorie (Analyse versteckter Macht- und Herrschaftsmuster) 6. ethnographisch (Verständnis von Menschen durch Hineinversetzen in deren Kulturen) 7. sozialkognitiv (sowohl das Denken des Individuums als auch dessen sozialer bzw. fachlicher Umraum beeinflussen die Informationsnutzung) 8. kognitiv (Fokus auf das Denken der Individuen im Zusammenhang mit Suche, Auffindung und Nutzung von Information) 9. bibliometrisch (statistische Eigenschaften von Information) 10. physikalisch (Signalübertragung, Informationstheorie) 11. technisch (Informationsbedürfnisse durch immer bessere Systeme und Dienste erfüllen) 12. benutzerorientierte Gestaltung ("usability", Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion) 13. evolutionär (Anwendung von Ergebnissen von Biologie und Evolutionspsychologie auf informationsbezogene Phänomene). Bates Beitrag ist, wie stets, wohldurchdacht, didaktisch gut aufbereitet und in klarer Sprache abgefasst, sodass man ihn mit Freude und Gewinn liest. Zu letzterem trägt auch noch die umfangreiche Liste von Literaturangaben bei, mit der sich insbesondere die 13 genannten Metatheorien optimal weiterverfolgen lassen. . . .
Weitere Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.303 (D.E. Agosto): "Due to the brevity of the entries, they serve more as introductions to a wide array of theories than as deep explorations of a select few. The individual entries are not as deep as those in more traditional reference volumes, such as The Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science (Drake, 2003) or The Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) (Cronin, 2005), but the overall coverage is much broader. This volume is probably most useful to doctoral students who are looking for theoretical frameworks for nascent research projects or to more veteran researchers interested in an introductory overview of information behavior research, as those already familiar with this subfield also will probably already be familiar with most of the theories presented here. Since different authors have penned each of the various entries, the writing styles vary somewhat, but on the whole, this is a readable, pithy volume that does an excellent job of encapsulating this important area of information research."

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST. 58(2007) no.4, S.606-607 (L.E. Harris): "Spanning is not a methodological "how-to"; rather it is a "how-tothink" book, intended for academicians and practitioners, on developing useful theory. Each chapter opens with a brief scenario, generally derived from Crowley's extensive personal experience as a librarian, university professor, and consultant, exemplifying the theme for that chapter. In chapter one, "Theorizing for Diverging Contexts: Why Research Results and Theory Development are So Little Used Outside the Campus," Crowley describes a doctoral candidate's experience in presenting her research at a national conference of working professionals. When the presentation is negatively received, the student's mentor rationalized the response by stating, "You have to remember, most of the people in the audience only have a master's degree" (p. 2). From this example, a cogent argument is distilled on how pervasive the theorypractice divide is in various academic domains, such as business, law, sociology, and LIS. What is useful research and theory for academicians seeking career and professional advancement does not translate into for practitioners engaged in specific institutional/organizational environments. Cultural pragmatism is introduced as an aid to researchers in both camps for its inclusion of context specificity and the need for testing a theory's usefulness through continually analyzed experience. Herein, the structural foundation for the bridge is constructed in the section on communication. The development of an interlanguage between academicians and practitioners will minimize incommensurability, "the perceived inability of humans to communicate effectively with one another due to a lack of common standards for meaning and other shared foundations" (p. 15). In this vein, Crowley presents five maxims, based on the works of John Stuart Mill, for developing useful, real world theory. The chapter ends, as do several others, addressing the divide specifically in the LIS domain. One of the most thought-provoking chapters is "Developing a Research Philosophy," which includes sections on inductive reasoning, how people really think, and a discussion of the battle between intellectual formations and internalized models. As a teacher of experienced and/or mature students in an LIS program, I instantly recognized the description of a reoccurring classroom event: what happens when introducing theory or research results that contradict students' experiences, and therefore, their internalized models of "how things really work in the field." Crowley suggests that in seeking a research philosophy, persuasion should not be a primary concern. This simple suggestion encouraged me to reconsider my posture when faced with this classroom issue. However, this chapter may be considered one of the weakest in the book, because of its rather slim treatment of considerations for selecting a useful research philosophy, despite the emphasis on the importance of the concept. Nevertheless, this chapter is foundational to the work presented in the remaining chapters.

Isbn

0-8108-5165-2

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Footnote

Rez. in: Mitt VÖB 59(2006) H.2, S.83-88 (O. Oberhauser): "Dieser neue Sammelband möchte Interessenten aus den Bereichen Informationswissenschaft, Bibliothekswesen sowie Sozial- und Evolutionspsychologie aktuelle Entwicklungen und neue theoretische Ansätze auf dem Gebiet des menschlichen Informationsverhaltens-human information behavio(u)r bzw. kurz HIB - vermitteln. Es geht dabei um die komplexen Informationsprozesse, die in das alltägliche Sozialverhalten und die Lebensabläufe menschlicher Individuen eingebettet sind. Die beiden Herausgeber sind in diesem Teilbereich der Informationswissenschaft auch durch eine Reihe anderer Publikationen einschlägig ausgewiesen: Amanda Spink (vormals Universität Pittsburgh), die sich kürzlich selbst in aller Bescheidenheit als "world-class ICT researcher" beschrieb,' ist Professorin an der Technischen Universität Queensland (Australien); Charles Cole ist Research Associate (wissenschaftlicher Projektmitarbeiter) an der McGill University in Montreal und selbständiger Berater für Informationsdesign. Gemeinsam haben Spink und Cole zuletzt, ebenfalls bei Springer, eine weitere Aufsatzsammlung - New Directions in Cognitive Information Retrieval (2005) - herausgegeben. Das Buch versammelt zwölf Beiträge ("Kapitel"), die in fünf Sektionen dargeboten werden, wobei es sich allerdings bei den Sektionen 1 und 5 (= Kapitel 1 und 12) um Einleitung und Zusammenschau der Herausgeber handelt. Während erstere eigentlich nur eine Übersicht über die Gliederung und die Beiträge des Buches, die jeweils mit Abstracts beschrieben werden, darstellt, kann letztere als eigenständiger Beitrag gelten, der versucht, die in diesem Band angesprochenen Aspekte in einem vorläufigen HIB-Modell zu integrieren.