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Abstract

David J. Chalmers constructs a highly ambitious and original picture of the world, from a few basic elements. He develops and extends Rudolf Carnap's attempt to do the same in Der Logische Aufbau Der Welt (1928). Carnap gave a blueprint for describing the entire world using a limited vocabulary, so that all truths about the world could be derived from that description--but his Aufbau is often seen as a noble failure. In Constructing the World, Chalmers argues that something like the Aufbau project can succeed. With the right vocabulary and the right derivation relation, we can indeed construct the world. The focal point of Chalmers's project is scrutability: roughly, the thesis that ideal reasoning from a limited class of basic truths yields all truths about the world. Chalmers first argues for the scrutability thesis and then considers how small the base can be. All this can be seen as a project in metaphysical epistemology: epistemology in service of a global picture of the world and of our conception thereof. The scrutability framework has ramifications throughout philosophy. Using it, Chalmers defends a broadly Fregean approach to meaning, argues for an internalist approach to the contents of thought, and rebuts W. V. Quine's arguments against the analytic and the a priori. He also uses scrutability to analyze the unity of science, to defend a conceptual approach to metaphysics, and to mount a structuralist response to skepticism. Based on Chalmers's 2010 John Locke lectures, Constructing the World opens up debate on central areas of philosophy including philosophy of language, consciousness, knowledge, and reality. This major work by a leading philosopher will appeal to philosophers in all areas.

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Abstract

Im Frühjahr 2000 begann Susan Blackmore, Material für ein Radiofeature zum Thema Bewußtsein zu sammeln. Die Sendung kam nie zustande, aber die Idee, sich einem der großen Rätsel der menschlichen Existenz in Gesprächen zu nähern, ließ sie nicht mehr los. So entstanden zwanzig Interviews mit Philosophen und Naturwissenschaftlern, der Crème de la Crème der internationalen Bewußtseinsforschung, die hier Rede und Antwort steht. David Chalmers zum Beispiel, der erklärt, warum das Bewußtsein ein solch schwieriges Problem ist, oder Susan Greenfield, der zufolge man schon bei Sophokles und Euripides Interessantes über Willensfreiheit lernen kann. Francisco Varela spricht über Zombies, Roger Penrose über John Searle, John Searle über Immanuel Kant. Wir erfahren von Vilayanur Ramachandran, warum er nicht meditiert, und von Thomas Metzinger, inwiefern das bewußte Selbst eine Illusion ist. Und im letzten Interview vor seinem Tod rekapituliert Francis Crick seinen Weg von der Genetik zur Bewußtseinsforschung. Es geht um den Geist und um die Gene, um das Gehirn und die Gefühle, aber auch um Quantenprozesse und Träume, Descartes und Shiva, Kabbala und Drogenpolitik - und nicht zuletzt um Forscherkarrieren und Lebensträume.

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Footnote

Rez. in: Frankfurter Rundschau Nr.141 vom 20.6.2000, S.22 (J. Habermas)