-
Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004)
0.07
0.07272229 = sum of:
0.05422108 = product of:
0.21688432 = sum of:
0.21688432 = weight(_text_:3a in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.21688432 = score(doc=562,freq=2.0), product of:
0.38590276 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
0.018501213 = product of:
0.037002426 = sum of:
0.037002426 = weight(_text_:22 in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.037002426 = score(doc=562,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15939656 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
- Date
- 8. 1.2013 10:22:32
-
Semantik, Lexikographie und Computeranwendungen : Workshop ... (Bonn) : 1995.01.27-28 (1996)
0.04
0.037736792 = product of:
0.075473584 = sum of:
0.075473584 = sum of:
0.044638228 = weight(_text_:b in 190) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.044638228 = score(doc=190,freq=4.0), product of:
0.16126883 = queryWeight, product of:
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.2767939 = fieldWeight in 190, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=190)
0.030835358 = weight(_text_:22 in 190) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.030835358 = score(doc=190,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15939656 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.19345059 = fieldWeight in 190, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=190)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Classification
- Spr B 68 / Computerlinguistik
- Date
- 14. 4.2007 10:04:22
- SBB
- Spr B 68 / Computerlinguistik
-
Luo, L.; Ju, J.; Li, Y.-F.; Haffari, G.; Xiong, B.; Pan, S.: ChatRule: mining logical rules with large language models for knowledge graph reasoning (2023)
0.03
0.031199675 = product of:
0.06239935 = sum of:
0.06239935 = sum of:
0.031563994 = weight(_text_:b in 1171) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.031563994 = score(doc=1171,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16126883 = queryWeight, product of:
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.19572285 = fieldWeight in 1171, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1171)
0.030835358 = weight(_text_:22 in 1171) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.030835358 = score(doc=1171,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15939656 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.19345059 = fieldWeight in 1171, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1171)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 23.11.2023 19:07:22
-
Noever, D.; Ciolino, M.: ¬The Turing deception (2022)
0.03
0.02711054 = product of:
0.05422108 = sum of:
0.05422108 = product of:
0.21688432 = sum of:
0.21688432 = weight(_text_:3a in 862) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.21688432 = score(doc=862,freq=2.0), product of:
0.38590276 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 862, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=862)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2212.06721&usg=AOvVaw3i_9pZm9y_dQWoHi6uv0EN
-
Endres-Niggemeyer, B.: Sprachverarbeitung im Informationsbereich (1989)
0.03
0.025251195 = product of:
0.05050239 = sum of:
0.05050239 = product of:
0.10100478 = sum of:
0.10100478 = weight(_text_:b in 4860) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10100478 = score(doc=4860,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16126883 = queryWeight, product of:
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.6263131 = fieldWeight in 4860, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4860)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Natürlichsprachlicher Entwurf von Informationssystemen (1996)
0.03
0.025251195 = product of:
0.05050239 = sum of:
0.05050239 = product of:
0.10100478 = sum of:
0.10100478 = weight(_text_:b in 722) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10100478 = score(doc=722,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16126883 = queryWeight, product of:
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.6263131 = fieldWeight in 722, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=722)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Editor
- Ortner, E., B. Schienmann u. H. Thoma
-
Warner, A.J.: Natural language processing (1987)
0.02
0.024668286 = product of:
0.04933657 = sum of:
0.04933657 = product of:
0.09867314 = sum of:
0.09867314 = weight(_text_:22 in 337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09867314 = score(doc=337,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15939656 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 337, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=337)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.79-108
-
Caseiro, D.: Automatic language identification bibliography : Last Update: 20 September 1999 (1999)
0.02
0.022094795 = product of:
0.04418959 = sum of:
0.04418959 = product of:
0.08837918 = sum of:
0.08837918 = weight(_text_:b in 1842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08837918 = score(doc=1842,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16126883 = queryWeight, product of:
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.54802394 = fieldWeight in 1842, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1842)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- b
-
Yang, C.C.; Luk, J.: Automatic generation of English/Chinese thesaurus based on a parallel corpus in laws (2003)
0.02
0.021839771 = product of:
0.043679543 = sum of:
0.043679543 = sum of:
0.022094795 = weight(_text_:b in 1616) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.022094795 = score(doc=1616,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16126883 = queryWeight, product of:
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.13700598 = fieldWeight in 1616, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=1616)
0.02158475 = weight(_text_:22 in 1616) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02158475 = score(doc=1616,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15939656 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.1354154 = fieldWeight in 1616, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=1616)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- The information available in languages other than English in the World Wide Web is increasing significantly. According to a report from Computer Economics in 1999, 54% of Internet users are English speakers ("English Will Dominate Web for Only Three More Years," Computer Economics, July 9, 1999, http://www.computereconomics. com/new4/pr/pr990610.html). However, it is predicted that there will be only 60% increase in Internet users among English speakers verses a 150% growth among nonEnglish speakers for the next five years. By 2005, 57% of Internet users will be non-English speakers. A report by CNN.com in 2000 showed that the number of Internet users in China had been increased from 8.9 million to 16.9 million from January to June in 2000 ("Report: China Internet users double to 17 million," CNN.com, July, 2000, http://cnn.org/2000/TECH/computing/07/27/ china.internet.reut/index.html). According to Nielsen/ NetRatings, there was a dramatic leap from 22.5 millions to 56.6 millions Internet users from 2001 to 2002. China had become the second largest global at-home Internet population in 2002 (US's Internet population was 166 millions) (Robyn Greenspan, "China Pulls Ahead of Japan," Internet.com, April 22, 2002, http://cyberatias.internet.com/big-picture/geographics/article/0,,5911_1013841,00. html). All of the evidences reveal the importance of crosslingual research to satisfy the needs in the near future. Digital library research has been focusing in structural and semantic interoperability in the past. Searching and retrieving objects across variations in protocols, formats and disciplines are widely explored (Schatz, B., & Chen, H. (1999). Digital libraries: technological advances and social impacts. IEEE Computer, Special Issue an Digital Libraries, February, 32(2), 45-50.; Chen, H., Yen, J., & Yang, C.C. (1999). International activities: development of Asian digital libraries. IEEE Computer, Special Issue an Digital Libraries, 32(2), 48-49.). However, research in crossing language boundaries, especially across European languages and Oriental languages, is still in the initial stage. In this proposal, we put our focus an cross-lingual semantic interoperability by developing automatic generation of a cross-lingual thesaurus based an English/Chinese parallel corpus. When the searchers encounter retrieval problems, Professional librarians usually consult the thesaurus to identify other relevant vocabularies. In the problem of searching across language boundaries, a cross-lingual thesaurus, which is generated by co-occurrence analysis and Hopfield network, can be used to generate additional semantically relevant terms that cannot be obtained from dictionary. In particular, the automatically generated cross-lingual thesaurus is able to capture the unknown words that do not exist in a dictionary, such as names of persons, organizations, and events. Due to Hong Kong's unique history background, both English and Chinese are used as official languages in all legal documents. Therefore, English/Chinese cross-lingual information retrieval is critical for applications in courts and the government. In this paper, we develop an automatic thesaurus by the Hopfield network based an a parallel corpus collected from the Web site of the Department of Justice of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government. Experiments are conducted to measure the precision and recall of the automatic generated English/Chinese thesaurus. The result Shows that such thesaurus is a promising tool to retrieve relevant terms, especially in the language that is not the same as the input term. The direct translation of the input term can also be retrieved in most of the cases.
-
McMahon, J.G.; Smith, F.J.: Improved statistical language model performance with automatic generated word hierarchies (1996)
0.02
0.02158475 = product of:
0.0431695 = sum of:
0.0431695 = product of:
0.086339 = sum of:
0.086339 = weight(_text_:22 in 3164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.086339 = score(doc=3164,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15939656 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 3164, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3164)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Computational linguistics. 22(1996) no.2, S.217-248
-
Ruge, G.: ¬A spreading activation network for automatic generation of thesaurus relationships (1991)
0.02
0.02158475 = product of:
0.0431695 = sum of:
0.0431695 = product of:
0.086339 = sum of:
0.086339 = weight(_text_:22 in 4506) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.086339 = score(doc=4506,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15939656 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 4506, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4506)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 8.10.2000 11:52:22
-
Somers, H.: Example-based machine translation : Review article (1999)
0.02
0.02158475 = product of:
0.0431695 = sum of:
0.0431695 = product of:
0.086339 = sum of:
0.086339 = weight(_text_:22 in 6672) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.086339 = score(doc=6672,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15939656 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 6672, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6672)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 31. 7.1996 9:22:19
-
New tools for human translators (1997)
0.02
0.02158475 = product of:
0.0431695 = sum of:
0.0431695 = product of:
0.086339 = sum of:
0.086339 = weight(_text_:22 in 1179) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.086339 = score(doc=1179,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15939656 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 1179, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1179)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 31. 7.1996 9:22:19
-
Baayen, R.H.; Lieber, H.: Word frequency distributions and lexical semantics (1997)
0.02
0.02158475 = product of:
0.0431695 = sum of:
0.0431695 = product of:
0.086339 = sum of:
0.086339 = weight(_text_:22 in 3117) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.086339 = score(doc=3117,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15939656 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 3117, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3117)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 28. 2.1999 10:48:22
-
¬Der Student aus dem Computer (2023)
0.02
0.02158475 = product of:
0.0431695 = sum of:
0.0431695 = product of:
0.086339 = sum of:
0.086339 = weight(_text_:22 in 1079) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.086339 = score(doc=1079,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15939656 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 1079, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1079)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 27. 1.2023 16:22:55
-
Campe, P.: Case, semantic roles, and grammatical relations : a comprehensive bibliography (1994)
0.02
0.018938396 = product of:
0.037876792 = sum of:
0.037876792 = product of:
0.075753585 = sum of:
0.075753585 = weight(_text_:b in 8663) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.075753585 = score(doc=8663,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16126883 = queryWeight, product of:
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.46973482 = fieldWeight in 8663, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8663)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- b
-
Vichot, F.; Wolinksi, F.; Tomeh, J.; Guennou, S.; Dillet, B.; Aydjian, S.: High precision hypertext navigation based on NLP automation extractions (1997)
0.02
0.018938396 = product of:
0.037876792 = sum of:
0.037876792 = product of:
0.075753585 = sum of:
0.075753585 = weight(_text_:b in 733) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.075753585 = score(doc=733,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16126883 = queryWeight, product of:
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.46973482 = fieldWeight in 733, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.542962 = idf(docFreq=3476, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=733)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Byrne, C.C.; McCracken, S.A.: ¬An adaptive thesaurus employing semantic distance, relational inheritance and nominal compound interpretation for linguistic support of information retrieval (1999)
0.02
0.018501213 = product of:
0.037002426 = sum of:
0.037002426 = product of:
0.07400485 = sum of:
0.07400485 = weight(_text_:22 in 4483) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07400485 = score(doc=4483,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15939656 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 4483, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4483)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 15. 3.2000 10:22:37
-
Boleda, G.; Evert, S.: Multiword expressions : a pain in the neck of lexical semantics (2009)
0.02
0.018501213 = product of:
0.037002426 = sum of:
0.037002426 = product of:
0.07400485 = sum of:
0.07400485 = weight(_text_:22 in 4888) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07400485 = score(doc=4888,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15939656 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 4888, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4888)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 1. 3.2013 14:56:22
-
Monnerjahn, P.: Vorsprung ohne Technik : Übersetzen: Computer und Qualität (2000)
0.02
0.018501213 = product of:
0.037002426 = sum of:
0.037002426 = product of:
0.07400485 = sum of:
0.07400485 = weight(_text_:22 in 5429) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07400485 = score(doc=5429,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15939656 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045518078 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 5429, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5429)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- c't. 2000, H.22, S.230-231
