Search (52 results, page 1 of 3)

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Abstract

The "Screen Design Manual" provides designers of interactive media with a practical working guide for preparing and presenting information that is suitable for both their target groups and the media they are using. It describes background information and relationships, clarifies them with the help of examples, and encourages further development of the language of digital media. In addition to the basics of the psychology of perception and learning, ergonomics, communication theory, imagery research, and aesthetics, the book also explores the design of navigation and orientation elements. Guidelines and checklists, along with the unique presentation of the book, support the application of information in practice.

Classification

ST 253 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Web-Programmierwerkzeuge (A-Z)

Date

22. 3.2008 14:29:25

RVK

ST 253 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Web-Programmierwerkzeuge (A-Z)

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Classification

006.7 22

Date

7. 3.2007 19:30:22

DDC

006.7 22

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.3, S.457-458 (A.M.A. Ahmad): "The concept of the semantic web has emerged because search engines and text-based searching are no longer adequate, as these approaches involve an extensive information retrieval process. The deployed searching and retrieving descriptors arc naturally subjective and their deployment is often restricted to the specific application domain for which the descriptors were configured. The new era of information technology imposes different kinds of requirements and challenges. Automatic extracted audiovisual features are required, as these features are more objective, domain-independent, and more native to audiovisual content. This book is a useful guide for researchers, experts, students, and practitioners; it is a very valuable reference and can lead them through their exploration and research in multimedia content and the semantic web. The book is well organized, and introduces the concept of the semantic web and multimedia content analysis to the reader through a logical sequence from standards and hypotheses through system examples, presenting relevant tools and methods. But in some chapters readers will need a good technical background to understand some of the details. Readers may attain sufficient knowledge here to start projects or research related to the book's theme; recent results and articles related to the active research area of integrating multimedia with semantic web technologies are included. This book includes full descriptions of approaches to specific problem domains such as content search, indexing, and retrieval. This book will be very useful to researchers in the multimedia content analysis field who wish to explore the benefits of emerging semantic web technologies in applying multimedia content approaches. The first part of the book covers the definition of the two basic terms multimedia content and semantic web. The Moving Picture Experts Group standards MPEG7 and MPEG21 are quoted extensively. In addition, the means of multimedia content description are elaborated upon and schematically drawn. This extensive description is introduced by authors who are actively involved in those standards and have been participating in the work of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/MPEG for many years. On the other hand, this results in bias against the ad hoc or nonstandard tools for multimedia description in favor of the standard approaches. This is a general book for multimedia content; more emphasis on the general multimedia description and extraction could be provided.
Semantic web technologies are explained, and ontology representation is emphasized. There is an excellent summary of the fundamental theory behind applying a knowledge-engineering approach to vision problems. This summary represents the concept of the semantic web and multimedia content analysis. A definition of the fuzzy knowledge representation that can be used for realization in multimedia content applications has been provided, with a comprehensive analysis. The second part of the book introduces the multimedia content analysis approaches and applications. In addition, some examples of methods applicable to multimedia content analysis are presented. Multimedia content analysis is a very diverse field and concerns many other research fields at the same time; this creates strong diversity issues, as everything from low-level features (e.g., colors, DCT coefficients, motion vectors, etc.) up to the very high and semantic level (e.g., Object, Events, Tracks, etc.) are involved. The second part includes topics on structure identification (e.g., shot detection for video sequences), and object-based video indexing. These conventional analysis methods are supplemented by results on semantic multimedia analysis, including three detailed chapters on the development and use of knowledge models for automatic multimedia analysis. Starting from object-based indexing and continuing with machine learning, these three chapters are very logically organized. Because of the diversity of this research field, including several chapters of recent research results is not sufficient to cover the state of the art of multimedia. The editors of the book should write an introductory chapter about multimedia content analysis approaches, basic problems, and technical issues and challenges, and try to survey the state of the art of the field and thus introduce the field to the reader.
The final part of the book discusses research in multimedia content management systems and the semantic web, and presents examples and applications for semantic multimedia analysis in search and retrieval systems. These chapters describe example systems in which current projects have been implemented, and include extensive results and real demonstrations. For example, real case scenarios such as ECommerce medical applications and Web services have been introduced. Topics in natural language, speech and image processing techniques and their application for multimedia indexing, and content-based retrieval have been elaborated upon with extensive examples and deployment methods. The editors of the book themselves provide the readers with a chapter about their latest research results on knowledge-based multimedia content indexing and retrieval. Some interesting applications for multimedia content and the semantic web are introduced. Applications that have taken advantage of the metadata provided by MPEG7 in order to realize advance-access services for multimedia content have been provided. The applications discussed in the third part of the book provide useful guidance to researchers and practitioners properly planning to implement semantic multimedia analysis techniques in new research and development projects in both academia and industry. A fourth part should be added to this book: performance measurements for integrated approaches of multimedia analysis and the semantic web. Performance of the semantic approach is a very sophisticated issue and requires extensive elaboration and effort. Measuring the semantic search is an ongoing research area; several chapters concerning performance measurement and analysis would be required to adequately cover this area and introduce it to readers."

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Content

Inhalt: Uses, Users, and User Interaction Metadata Applications - Semantic Browsing / Alexander Faaborg, Carl Lagoze Annotation and Recommendation Automatic Classification and Indexing - Cross-Lingual Text Categorization / Nuria Bel, Cornelis H.A. Koster, Marta Villegas - Automatic Multi-label Subject Indexing in a Multilingual Environment / Boris Lauser, Andreas Hotho Web Technologies Topical Crawling, Subject Gateways - VASCODA: A German Scientific Portal for Cross-Searching Distributed Digital Resource Collections / Heike Neuroth, Tamara Pianos Architectures and Systems Knowledge Organization: Concepts - The ADEPT Concept-Based Digital Learning Environment / T.R. Smith, D. Ancona, O. Buchel, M. Freeston, W. Heller, R. Nottrott, T. Tierney, A. Ushakov - A User Evaluation of Hierarchical Phrase Browsing / Katrina D. Edgar, David M. Nichols, Gordon W. Paynter, Kirsten Thomson, Ian H. Witten - Visual Semantic Modeling of Digital Libraries / Qinwei Zhu, Marcos Andre Gongalves, Rao Shen, Lillian Cassell, Edward A. Fox Collection Building and Management Knowledge Organization: Authorities and Works - Automatic Conversion from MARC to FRBR / Christian Monch, Trond Aalberg Information Retrieval in Different Application Areas Digital Preservation Indexing and Searching of Special Document and Collection Information

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Abstract

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, ECDL 2006, held in Alicante, Spain in September 2006. The 36 revised full papers presented together with the extended abstracts of 18 demo papers and 15 revised poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 159 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on architectures, preservation, retrieval, applications, methodology, metadata, evaluation, user studies, modeling, audiovisual content, and language technologies.

Content

Inhalt u.a.: Architectures I Preservation Retrieval - The Use of Summaries in XML Retrieval / Zoltdn Szldvik, Anastasios Tombros, Mounia Laimas - An Enhanced Search Interface for Information Discovery from Digital Libraries / Georgia Koutrika, Alkis Simitsis - The TIP/Greenstone Bridge: A Service for Mobile Location-Based Access to Digital Libraries / Annika Hinze, Xin Gao, David Bainbridge Architectures II Applications Methodology Metadata Evaluation User Studies Modeling Audiovisual Content Language Technologies - Incorporating Cross-Document Relationships Between Sentences for Single Document Summarizations / Xiaojun Wan, Jianwu Yang, Jianguo Xiao - Semantic Web Techniques for Multiple Views on Heterogeneous Collections: A Case Study / Marjolein van Gendt, Antoine Isaac, Lourens van der Meij, Stefan Schlobach Posters - A Tool for Converting from MARC to FRBR / Trond Aalberg, Frank Berg Haugen, Ole Husby

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Date

23. 3.2008 19:10:22

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 54(2003) no.9, S.905-906 (C.A. Badurek): "Visual approaches for knowledge discovery in very large databases are a prime research need for information scientists focused an extracting meaningful information from the ever growing stores of data from a variety of domains, including business, the geosciences, and satellite and medical imagery. This work presents a summary of research efforts in the fields of data mining, knowledge discovery, and data visualization with the goal of aiding the integration of research approaches and techniques from these major fields. The editors, leading computer scientists from academia and industry, present a collection of 32 papers from contributors who are incorporating visualization and data mining techniques through academic research as well application development in industry and government agencies. Information Visualization focuses upon techniques to enhance the natural abilities of humans to visually understand data, in particular, large-scale data sets. It is primarily concerned with developing interactive graphical representations to enable users to more intuitively make sense of multidimensional data as part of the data exploration process. It includes research from computer science, psychology, human-computer interaction, statistics, and information science. Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) most often refers to the process of mining databases for previously unknown patterns and trends in data. Data mining refers to the particular computational methods or algorithms used in this process. The data mining research field is most related to computational advances in database theory, artificial intelligence and machine learning. This work compiles research summaries from these main research areas in order to provide "a reference work containing the collection of thoughts and ideas of noted researchers from the fields of data mining and data visualization" (p. 8). It addresses these areas in three main sections: the first an data visualization, the second an KDD and model visualization, and the last an using visualization in the knowledge discovery process. The seven chapters of Part One focus upon methodologies and successful techniques from the field of Data Visualization. Hoffman and Grinstein (Chapter 2) give a particularly good overview of the field of data visualization and its potential application to data mining. An introduction to the terminology of data visualization, relation to perceptual and cognitive science, and discussion of the major visualization display techniques are presented. Discussion and illustration explain the usefulness and proper context of such data visualization techniques as scatter plots, 2D and 3D isosurfaces, glyphs, parallel coordinates, and radial coordinate visualizations. Remaining chapters present the need for standardization of visualization methods, discussion of user requirements in the development of tools, and examples of using information visualization in addressing research problems.
In 13 chapters, Part Two provides an introduction to KDD, an overview of data mining techniques, and examples of the usefulness of data model visualizations. The importance of visualization throughout the KDD process is stressed in many of the chapters. In particular, the need for measures of visualization effectiveness, benchmarking for identifying best practices, and the use of standardized sample data sets is convincingly presented. Many of the important data mining approaches are discussed in this complementary context. Cluster and outlier detection, classification techniques, and rule discovery algorithms are presented as the basic techniques common to the KDD process. The potential effectiveness of using visualization in the data modeling process are illustrated in chapters focused an using visualization for helping users understand the KDD process, ask questions and form hypotheses about their data, and evaluate the accuracy and veracity of their results. The 11 chapters of Part Three provide an overview of the KDD process and successful approaches to integrating KDD, data mining, and visualization in complementary domains. Rhodes (Chapter 21) begins this section with an excellent overview of the relation between the KDD process and data mining techniques. He states that the "primary goals of data mining are to describe the existing data and to predict the behavior or characteristics of future data of the same type" (p. 281). These goals are met by data mining tasks such as classification, regression, clustering, summarization, dependency modeling, and change or deviation detection. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how visualization can aid users in the interactive process of knowledge discovery by graphically representing the results from these iterative tasks. Finally, examples of the usefulness of integrating visualization and data mining tools in the domain of business, imagery and text mining, and massive data sets are provided. This text concludes with a thorough and useful 17-page index and lengthy yet integrating 17-page summary of the academic and industrial backgrounds of the contributing authors. A 16-page set of color inserts provide a better representation of the visualizations discussed, and a URL provided suggests that readers may view all the book's figures in color on-line, although as of this submission date it only provides access to a summary of the book and its contents. The overall contribution of this work is its focus an bridging two distinct areas of research, making it a valuable addition to the Morgan Kaufmann Series in Database Management Systems. The editors of this text have met their main goal of providing the first textbook integrating knowledge discovery, data mining, and visualization. Although it contributes greatly to our under- standing of the development and current state of the field, a major weakness of this text is that there is no concluding chapter to discuss the contributions of the sum of these contributed papers or give direction to possible future areas of research. "Integration of expertise between two different disciplines is a difficult process of communication and reeducation. Integrating data mining and visualization is particularly complex because each of these fields in itself must draw an a wide range of research experience" (p. 300). Although this work contributes to the crossdisciplinary communication needed to advance visualization in KDD, a more formal call for an interdisciplinary research agenda in a concluding chapter would have provided a more satisfying conclusion to a very good introductory text.
With contributors almost exclusively from the computer science field, the intended audience of this work is heavily slanted towards a computer science perspective. However, it is highly readable and provides introductory material that would be useful to information scientists from a variety of domains. Yet, much interesting work in information visualization from other fields could have been included giving the work more of an interdisciplinary perspective to complement their goals of integrating work in this area. Unfortunately, many of the application chapters are these, shallow, and lack complementary illustrations of visualization techniques or user interfaces used. However, they do provide insight into the many applications being developed in this rapidly expanding field. The authors have successfully put together a highly useful reference text for the data mining and information visualization communities. Those interested in a good introduction and overview of complementary research areas in these fields will be satisfied with this collection of papers. The focus upon integrating data visualization with data mining complements texts in each of these fields, such as Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (Fayyad et al., MIT Press) and Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think (Card et. al., Morgan Kauffman). This unique work is a good starting point for future interaction between researchers in the fields of data visualization and data mining and makes a good accompaniment for a course focused an integrating these areas or to the main reference texts in these fields."

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Date

22. 3.2008 14:35:21

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Date

22. 3.2008 16:15:37

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22. 3.2008 18:05:16

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Abstract

A modern information retrieval system must have the capability to find, organize and present very different manifestations of information - such as text, pictures, videos or database records - any of which may be of relevance to the user. However, the concept of relevance, while seemingly intuitive, is actually hard to define, and it's even harder to model in a formal way. Lavrenko does not attempt to bring forth a new definition of relevance, nor provide arguments as to why any particular definition might be theoretically superior or more complete. Instead, he takes a widely accepted, albeit somewhat conservative definition, makes several assumptions, and from them develops a new probabilistic model that explicitly captures that notion of relevance. With this book, he makes two major contributions to the field of information retrieval: first, a new way to look at topical relevance, complementing the two dominant models, i.e., the classical probabilistic model and the language modeling approach, and which explicitly combines documents, queries, and relevance in a single formalism; second, a new method for modeling exchangeable sequences of discrete random variables which does not make any structural assumptions about the data and which can also handle rare events. Thus his book is of major interest to researchers and graduate students in information retrieval who specialize in relevance modeling, ranking algorithms, and language modeling.

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Abstract

The World Wide Web is rapidly filling with more text than anyone could have imagined even a short time ago, but the task of isolating relevant parts of this vast information has become just that much more daunting. Richard Belew brings a cognitive perspective to the study of information retrieval as a discipline within computer science. He introduces the idea of Finding Out About (FDA) as the process of actively seeking out information relevant to a topic of interest and describes its many facets - ranging from creating a good characterization of what the user seeks, to what documents actually mean, to methods of inferring semantic clues about each document, to the problem of evaluating whether our search engines are performing as we have intended. Finding Out About explains how to build the tools that are useful for searching collections of text and other media. In the process it takes a close look at the properties of textual documents that do not become clear until very large collections of them are brought together and shows that the construction of effective search engines requires knowledge of the statistical and mathematical properties of linguistic phenomena, as well as an appreciation for the cognitive foundation we bring to the task as language users. The unique approach of this book is its even handling of the phenomena of both numbers and words, making it accessible to a wide audience. The textbook is usable in both undergraduate and graduate classes on information retrieval, library science, and computational linguistics. The text is accompanied by a CD-ROM that contains a hypertext version of the book, including additional topics and notes not present in the printed edition. In addition, the CD contains the full text of C.J. "Keith" van Rijsbergen's famous textbook, Information Retrieval (now out of print). Many active links from Belew's to van Rijsbergen's hypertexts help to unite the material. Several test corpora and indexing tools are provided, to support the design of your own search engine. Additional exercises using these corpora and code are available to instructors. Also supporting this book is a Web site that will include recent additions to the book, as well as links to sites of new topics and methods.

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Abstract

A practical approach to developing and operating an effective programme to manage hybrid records within an organization. This title positions records management as an integral business function linked to the organisation's business aims and objectives. The authors also address the records requirements of new and significant pieces of legislation, such as data protection and freedom of information, as well as exploring strategies for managing electronic records. Bullet points, checklists and examples assist the reader throughout, making this a one-stop resource for information in this area.

Footnote

1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Developing a records management programme

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Abstract

The advent of new information retrieval (IR) technologies and approaches to storage and retrieval provide communities with previously unheard of opportunities for mass documentation, digitization, and the recording of information in all its forms. This book introduces and contextualizes these developments and looks at supporting research in IR, the debates, theories and issues. Contributed by an international team of experts, each authored chapter provides a snapshot of changes in the field, as well as the importance of developing innovation, creativity and thinking in IR practice and research. Key discussion areas include: browsing in new information environments classification revisited: a web of knowledge approaches to fiction retrieval research music information retrieval research folksonomies, social tagging and information retrieval digital information interaction as semantic navigation assessing web search machines: a webometric approach. The questions raised are of significance to the whole international library and information science community, and this is essential reading for LIS professionals , researchers and students, and for all those interested in the future of IR.

Content

Inhalt: Bawden, D.: Encountering on the road to serendip? Browsing in new information environments. - Slavic, A.: Classification revisited: a web of knowledge. - Vernitski, A. u. P. Rafferty: Approaches to fiction retrieval research, from theory to practice? - Inskip, C.: Music information retrieval research. - Peters, I.: Folksonomies, social tagging and information retrieval. - Kopak, R., L. Freund u. H. O'Brien: Digital information interaction as semantic navigation. - Thelwall, M.: Assessing web search engines: a webometric approach

Editor

Foster, A.

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Abstract

Philosophy and Computing explores each of the following areas of technology: the digital revolution; the computer; the Internet and the Web; CD-ROMs and Mulitmedia; databases, textbases, and hypertexts; Artificial Intelligence; the future of computing. Luciano Floridi shows us how the relationship between philosophy and computing provokes a wide range of philosophical questions: is there a philosophy of information? What can be achieved by a classic computer? How can we define complexity? What are the limits of quantam computers? Is the Internet an intellectual space or a polluted environment? What is the paradox in the Strong Artificial Intlligence program? Philosophy and Computing is essential reading for anyone wishing to fully understand both the development and history of information and communication technology as well as the philosophical issues it ultimately raises. 'The most careful and scholarly book to be written on castles in a generation.'

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Content

Inhalt: SESSION: Building and using cultural digital libraries Primarily history: historians and the search for primary source materials (Helen R. Tibbo) - Using the Gamera framework for the recognition of cultural heritage materials (Michael Droettboom, Ichiro Fujinaga, Karl MacMillan, G. Sayeed Chouhury, Tim DiLauro, Mark Patton, Teal Anderson) - Supporting access to large digital oral history archives (Samuel Gustman, Dagobert Soergel, Douglas Oard, William Byrne, Michael Picheny, Bhuvana Ramabhadran, Douglas Greenberg) SESSION: Summarization and question answering Using sentence-selection heuristics to rank text segments in TXTRACTOR (Daniel McDonald, Hsinchun Chen) - Using librarian techniques in automatic text summarization for information retrieval (Min-Yen Kan, Judith L. Klavans) - QuASM: a system for question answering using semi-structured data (David Pinto, Michael Branstein, Ryan Coleman, W. Bruce Croft, Matthew King, Wei Li, Xing Wei) SESSION: Studying users Reading-in-the-small: a study of reading on small form factor devices (Catherine C. Marshall, Christine Ruotolo) - A graph-based recommender system for digital library (Zan Huang, Wingyan Chung, Thian-Huat Ong, Hsinchun Chen) - The effects of topic familiarity on information search behavior (Diane Kelly, Colleen Cool) SESSION: Classification and browsing A language modelling approach to relevance profiling for document browsing (David J. Harper, Sara Coulthard, Sun Yixing) - Compound descriptors in context: a matching function for classifications and thesauri (Douglas Tudhope, Ceri Binding, Dorothee Blocks, Daniel Cunliffe) - Structuring keyword-based queries for web databases (Rodrigo C. Vieira, Pavel Calado, Altigran S. da Silva, Alberto H. F. Laender, Berthier A. Ribeiro-Neto) - An approach to automatic classification of text for information retrieval (Hong Cui, P. Bryan Heidorn, Hong Zhang)
SESSION: A digital libraries for education Middle school children's use of the ARTEMIS digital library (June Abbas, Cathleen Norris, Elliott Soloway) - Partnership reviewing: a cooperative approach for peer review of complex educational resources (John Weatherley, Tamara Sumner, Michael Khoo, Michael Wright, Marcel Hoffmann) - A digital library for geography examination resources (Lian-Heong Chua, Dion Hoe-Lian Goh, Ee-Peng Lim, Zehua Liu, Rebecca Pei-Hui Ang) - Digital library services for authors of learning materials (Flora McMartin, Youki Terada) SESSION: Novel search environments Integration of simultaneous searching and reference linking across bibliographic resources on the web (William H. Mischo, Thomas G. Habing, Timothy W. Cole) - Exploring discussion lists: steps and directions (Paula S. Newman) - Comparison of two approaches to building a vertical search tool: a case study in the nanotechnology domain (Michael Chau, Hsinchun Chen, Jialun Qin, Yilu Zhou, Yi Qin, Wai-Ki Sung, Daniel McDonald) SESSION: Video and multimedia digital libraries A multilingual, multimodal digital video library system (Michael R. Lyu, Edward Yau, Sam Sze) - A digital library data model for music (Natalia Minibayeva, Jon W. Dunn) - Video-cuebik: adapting image search to video shots (Alexander G. Hauptmann, Norman D. Papernick) - Virtual multimedia libraries built from the web (Neil C. Rowe) - Multi-modal information retrieval from broadcast video using OCR and speech recognition (Alexander G. Hauptmann, Rong Jin, Tobun Dorbin Ng) SESSION: OAI application Extending SDARTS: extracting metadata from web databases and interfacing with the open archives initiative (Panagiotis G. Ipeirotis, Tom Barry, Luis Gravano) - Using the open archives initiative protocols with EAD (Christopher J. Prom, Thomas G. Habing) - Preservation and transition of NCSTRL using an OAI-based architecture (H. Anan, X. Liu, K. Maly, M. Nelson, M. Zubair, J. C. French, E. Fox, P. Shivakumar) - Integrating harvesting into digital library content (David A. Smith, Anne Mahoney, Gregory Crane) SESSION: Searching across language, time, and space Harvesting translingual vocabulary mappings for multilingual digital libraries (Ray R. Larson, Fredric Gey, Aitao Chen) - Detecting events with date and place information in unstructured text (David A. Smith) - Using sharable ontology to retrieve historical images (Von-Wun Soo, Chen-Yu Lee, Jaw Jium Yeh, Ching-chih Chen) - Towards an electronic variorum edition of Cervantes' Don Quixote:: visualizations that support preparation (Rajiv Kochumman, Carlos Monroy, Richard Furuta, Arpita Goenka, Eduardo Urbina, Erendira Melgoza)
SESSION: NSDL Core services in the architecture of the national science digital library (NSDL) (Carl Lagoze, William Arms, Stoney Gan, Diane Hillmann, Christopher Ingram, Dean Krafft, Richard Marisa, Jon Phipps, John Saylor, Carol Terrizzi, Walter Hoehn, David Millman, James Allan, Sergio Guzman-Lara, Tom Kalt) - Creating virtual collections in digital libraries: benefits and implementation issues (Gary Geisler, Sarah Giersch, David McArthur, Marty McClelland) - Ontology services for curriculum development in NSDL (Amarnath Gupta, Bertram Ludäscher, Reagan W. Moore) - Interactive digital library resource information system: a web portal for digital library education (Ahmad Rafee Che Kassim, Thomas R. Kochtanek) SESSION: Digital library communities and change Cross-cultural usability of the library metaphor (Elke Duncker) - Trust and epistemic communities in biodiversity data sharing (Nancy A. Van House) - Evaluation of digital community information systems (K. T. Unruh, K. E. Pettigrew, J. C. Durrance) - Adapting digital libraries to continual evolution (Bruce R. Barkstrom, Melinda Finch, Michelle Ferebee, Calvin Mackey) SESSION: Models and tools for generating digital libraries Localizing experience of digital content via structural metadata (Naomi Dushay) - Collection synthesis (Donna Bergmark) - 5SL: a language for declarative specification and generation of digital libraries (Marcos André, Gonçalves, Edward A. Fox) SESSION: Novel user interfaces A digital library of conversational expressions: helping profoundly disabled users communicate (Hayley Dunlop, Sally Jo Cunningham, Matt Jones) - Enhancing the ENVISION interface for digital libraries (Jun Wang, Abhishek Agrawal, Anil Bazaza, Supriya Angle, Edward A. Fox, Chris North) - A wearable digital library of personal conversations (Wei-hao Lin, Alexander G. Hauptmann) - Collaborative visual interfaces to digital libraries (Katy Börner, Ying Feng, Tamara McMahon) - Binding browsing and reading activities in a 3D digital library (Pierre Cubaud, Pascal Stokowski, Alexandre Topol)
SESSION: Federating and harvesting metadata DP9: an OAI gateway service for web crawlers (Xiaoming Liu, Kurt Maly, Mohammad Zubair, Michael L. Nelson) - The Greenstone plugin architecture (Ian H. Witten, David Bainbridge, Gordon Paynter, Stefan Boddie) - Building FLOW: federating libraries on the web (Anna Keller Gold, Karen S. Baker, Jean-Yves LeMeur, Kim Baldridge) - JAFER ToolKit project: interfacing Z39.50 and XML (Antony Corfield, Matthew Dovey, Richard Mawby, Colin Tatham) - Schema extraction from XML collections (Boris Chidlovskii) - Mirroring an OAI archive on the I2-DSI channel (Ashwini Pande, Malini Kothapalli, Ryan Richardson, Edward A. Fox) SESSION: Music digital libraries HMM-based musical query retrieval (Jonah Shifrin, Bryan Pardo, Colin Meek, William Birmingham) - A comparison of melodic database retrieval techniques using sung queries (Ning Hu, Roger B. Dannenberg) - Enhancing access to the levy sheet music collection: reconstructing full-text lyrics from syllables (Brian Wingenroth, Mark Patton, Tim DiLauro) - Evaluating automatic melody segmentation aimed at music information retrieval (Massimo Melucci, Nicola Orio) SESSION: Preserving, securing, and assessing digital libraries A methodology and system for preserving digital data (Raymond A. Lorie) - Modeling web data (James C. French) - An evaluation model for a digital library services tool (Jim Dorward, Derek Reinke, Mimi Recker) - Why watermark?: the copyright need for an engineering solution (Michael Seadle, J. R. Deller, Jr., Aparna Gurijala) SESSION: Image and cultural digital libraries Time as essence for photo browsing through personal digital libraries (Adrian Graham, Hector Garcia-Molina, Andreas Paepcke, Terry Winograd) - Toward a distributed terabyte text retrieval system in China-US million book digital library (Bin Liu, Wen Gao, Ling Zhang, Tie-jun Huang, Xiao-ming Zhang, Jun Cheng) - Enhanced perspectives for historical and cultural documentaries using informedia technologies (Howard D. Wactlar, Ching-chih Chen) - Interfaces for palmtop image search (Mark Derthick)
SESSION: Digital libraries for spatial data The ADEPT digital library architecture (Greg Janée, James Frew) - G-Portal: a map-based digital library for distributed geospatial and georeferenced resources (Ee-Peng Lim, Dion Hoe-Lian Goh, Zehua Liu, Wee-Keong Ng, Christopher Soo-Guan Khoo, Susan Ellen Higgins) PANEL SESSION: Panels You mean I have to do what with whom: statewide museum/library DIGI collaborative digitization projects---the experiences of California, Colorado & North Carolina (Nancy Allen, Liz Bishoff, Robin Chandler, Kevin Cherry) - Overcoming impediments to effective health and biomedical digital libraries (William Hersh, Jan Velterop, Alexa McCray, Gunther Eynsenbach, Mark Boguski) - The challenges of statistical digital libraries (Cathryn Dippo, Patricia Cruse, Ann Green, Carol Hert) - Biodiversity and biocomplexity informatics: policy and implementation science versus citizen science (P. Bryan Heidorn) - Panel on digital preservation (Joyce Ray, Robin Dale, Reagan Moore, Vicky Reich, William Underwood, Alexa T. McCray) - NSDL: from prototype to production to transformational national resource (William Y. Arms, Edward Fox, Jeanne Narum, Ellen Hoffman) - How important is metadata? (Hector Garcia-Molina, Diane Hillmann, Carl Lagoze, Elizabeth Liddy, Stuart Weibel) - Planning for future digital libraries programs (Stephen M. Griffin) DEMONSTRATION SESSION: Demonstrations u.a.: FACET: thesaurus retrieval with semantic term expansion (Douglas Tudhope, Ceri Binding, Dorothee Blocks, Daniel Cunliffe) - MedTextus: an intelligent web-based medical meta-search system (Bin Zhu, Gondy Leroy, Hsinchun Chen, Yongchi Chen) POSTER SESSION: Posters TUTORIAL SESSION: Tutorials u.a.: Thesauri and ontologies in digital libraries: 1. structure and use in knowledge-based assistance to users (Dagobert Soergel) - How to build a digital library using open-source software (Ian H. Witten) - Thesauri and ontologies in digital libraries: 2. design, evaluation, and development (Dagobert Soergel) WORKSHOP SESSION: Workshops Document search interface design for large-scale collections and intelligent access (Javed Mostafa) - Visual interfaces to digital libraries (Katy Börner, Chaomei Chen) - Text retrieval conference (TREC) genomics pre-track workshop (William Hersh)

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Abstract

In this collection of nearly 50 articles written by librarians, computer specialists, and other information professionals, the reader finds 10 chapters, each devoted to a problem or a side effect that has emerged since the introduction of the Internet: control over selection, survival of the book, training users, adapting to users' expectations, access issues, cost of technology, continuous retraining, legal issues, disappearing data, and how to avoid becoming blind sided. After stating a problem, each chapter offers solutions that are subsequently supported by articles. The editor's comments, which appear throughout the text, are an added bonus, as are the sections concluding the book, among them a listing of useful URLs, a works-cited section, and a comprehensive index. This book has much to recommend it, especially the articles, which are not only informative, thought-provoking, and interesting but highly readable and accessible as well. An indispensable tool for all librarians.

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.11, S.1025-1026 (D.E. Agosto): ""Did you ever feel as though the Internet has caused you to lose control of your library?" So begins the introduction to this volume of over 50 articles, essays, library policies, and other documents from a variety of sources, most of which are library journals aimed at practitioners. Volume editor Block has a long history of library service as well as an active career as an online journalist. From 1977 to 1999 she was the Associate Director of Public Services at the St. Ambrose University library in Davenport, Iowa. She was also a Fox News Online weekly columnist from 1998 to 2000. She currently writes for and publishes the weekly ezine Exlibris, which focuses an the use of computers, the Internet, and digital databases to improve library services. Despite the promising premise of this book, the final product is largely a disappointment because of the superficial coverage of its issues. A listing of the most frequently represented sources serves to express the general level and style of the entries: nine articles are reprinted from Computers in Libraries, five from Library Journal, four from Library Journal NetConnect, four from ExLibris, four from American Libraries, three from College & Research Libraries News, two from Online, and two from The Chronicle of Higher Education. Most of the authors included contributed only one item, although Roy Tennant (manager of the California Digital Library) authored three of the pieces, and Janet L. Balas (library information systems specialist at the Monroeville Public Library in Pennsylvania) and Karen G. Schneider (coordinator of lii.org, the Librarians' Index to the Internet) each wrote two. Volume editor Block herself wrote six of the entries, most of which have been reprinted from ExLibris. Reading the volume is muck like reading an issue of one of these journals-a pleasant experience that discusses issues in the field without presenting much research. Net Effects doesn't offer much in the way of theory or research, but then again it doesn't claim to. Instead, it claims to be an "idea book" (p. 5) with practical solutions to Internet-generated library problems. While the idea is a good one, little of the material is revolutionary or surprising (or even very creative), and most of the solutions offered will already be familiar to most of the book's intended audience.
Unlike muck of the professional library literature, Net Effects is not an open-aimed embrace of technology. Block even suggests that it is helpful to have a Luddite or two an each library staff to identify the setbacks associated with technological advances in the library. Each of the book's 10 chapters deals with one Internet-related problem, such as "Chapter 4-The Shifted Librarian: Adapting to the Changing Expectations of Our Wired (and Wireless) Users," or "Chapter 8-Up to Our Ears in Lawyers: Legal Issues Posed by the Net." For each of these 10 problems, multiple solutions are offered. For example, for "Chapter 9-Disappearing Data," four solutions are offered. These include "Link-checking," "Have a technological disaster plan," "Advise legislators an the impact proposed laws will have," and "Standards for preservation of digital information." One article is given to explicate each of these four solutions. A short bibliography of recommended further reading is also included for each chapter. Block provides a short introduction to each chapter, and she comments an many of the entries. Some of these comments seem to be intended to provide a research basis for the proposed solutions, but they tend to be vague generalizations without citations, such as, "We know from research that students would rather ask each other for help than go to adults. We can use that (p. 91 )." The original publication dates of the entries range from 1997 to 2002, with the bulk falling into the 2000-2002 range. At up to 6 years old, some of the articles seem outdated, such as a 2000 news brief announcing the creation of the first "customizable" public library Web site (www.brarydog.net). These critiques are not intended to dismiss the volume entirely. Some of the entries are likely to find receptive audiences, such as a nuts-and-bolts instructive article for making Web sites accessible to people with disabilities. "Providing Equitable Access," by Cheryl H. Kirkpatrick and Catherine Buck Morgan, offers very specific instructions, such as how to renovate OPAL workstations to suit users with "a wide range of functional impairments." It also includes a useful list of 15 things to do to make a Web site readable to most people with disabilities, such as, "You can use empty (alt) tags (alt="') for images that serve a purely decorative function. Screen readers will skip empty (alt) tags" (p. 157). Information at this level of specificity can be helpful to those who are faced with creating a technological solution for which they lack sufficient technical knowledge or training.
Some of the pieces are more captivating than others and less "how-to" in nature, providing contextual discussions as well as pragmatic advice. For example, Darlene Fichter's "Blogging Your Life Away" is an interesting discussion about creating and maintaining blogs. (For those unfamiliar with the term, blogs are frequently updated Web pages that ]ist thematically tied annotated links or lists, such as a blog of "Great Websites of the Week" or of "Fun Things to Do This Month in Patterson, New Jersey.") Fichter's article includes descriptions of sample blogs and a comparison of commercially available blog creation software. Another article of note is Kelly Broughton's detailed account of her library's experiences in initiating Web-based reference in an academic library. "Our Experiment in Online Real-Time Reference" details the decisions and issues that the Jerome Library staff at Bowling Green State University faced in setting up a chat reference service. It might be useful to those finding themselves in the same situation. This volume is at its best when it eschews pragmatic information and delves into the deeper, less ephemeral libraryrelated issues created by the rise of the Internet and of the Web. One of the most thought-provoking topics covered is the issue of "the serials pricing crisis," or the increase in subscription prices to journals that publish scholarly work. The pros and cons of moving toward a more free-access Web-based system for the dissemination of peer-reviewed material and of using university Web sites to house scholars' other works are discussed. However, deeper discussions such as these are few, leaving the volume subject to rapid aging, and leaving it with an audience limited to librarians looking for fast technological fixes."

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Abstract

We live in an information age that requires us, more than ever, to represent, access, and use information. Over the last several decades, we have developed a modern science and technology for information retrieval, relentlessly pursuing the vision of a "memex" that Vannevar Bush proposed in his seminal article, "As We May Think." Faceted search plays a key role in this program. Faceted search addresses weaknesses of conventional search approaches and has emerged as a foundation for interactive information retrieval. User studies demonstrate that faceted search provides more effective information-seeking support to users than best-first search. Indeed, faceted search has become increasingly prevalent in online information access systems, particularly for e-commerce and site search. In this lecture, we explore the history, theory, and practice of faceted search. Although we cannot hope to be exhaustive, our aim is to provide sufficient depth and breadth to offer a useful resource to both researchers and practitioners. Because faceted search is an area of interest to computer scientists, information scientists, interface designers, and usability researchers, we do not assume that the reader is a specialist in any of these fields. Rather, we offer a self-contained treatment of the topic, with an extensive bibliography for those who would like to pursue particular aspects in more depth.

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Classification

Bib A 291 / Gesamtkatalog Deutschland
Bib A 291 Gesamtkatalog

SBB

Bib A 291 / Gesamtkatalog Deutschland
Bib A 291 Gesamtkatalog

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Abstract

Interested in how an efficient search engine works? Want to know what algorithms are used to rank resulting documents in response to user requests? The authors answer these and other key information on retrieval design and implementation questions is provided. This book is not yet another high level text. Instead, algorithms are thoroughly described, making this book ideally suited for both computer science students and practitioners who work on search-related applications. As stated in the foreword, this book provides a current, broad, and detailed overview of the field and is the only one that does so. Examples are used throughout to illustrate the algorithms. The authors explain how a query is ranked against a document collection using either a single or a combination of retrieval strategies, and how an assortment of utilities are integrated into the query processing scheme to improve these rankings. Methods for building and compressing text indexes, querying and retrieving documents in multiple languages, and using parallel or distributed processing to expedite the search are likewise described. This edition is a major expansion of the one published in 1998. Neuaufl. 2005: Besides updating the entire book with current techniques, it includes new sections on language models, cross-language information retrieval, peer-to-peer processing, XML search, mediators, and duplicate document detection.

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Abstract

As the World Wide Web continues to expand, it becomes increasingly difficult for users to obtain information efficiently. Because most search engines read format languages such as HTML or SGML, search results reflect formatting tags more than actual page content, which is expressed in natural language. Spinning the Semantic Web describes an exciting new type of hierarchy and standardization that will replace the current "Web of links" with a "Web of meaning." Using a flexible set of languages and tools, the Semantic Web will make all available information - display elements, metadata, services, images, and especially content - accessible. The result will be an immense repository of information accessible for a wide range of new applications. This first handbook for the Semantic Web covers, among other topics, software agents that can negotiate and collect information, markup languages that can tag many more types of information in a document, and knowledge systems that enable machines to read Web pages and determine their reliability. The truly interdisciplinary Semantic Web combines aspects of artificial intelligence, markup languages, natural language processing, information retrieval, knowledge representation, intelligent agents, and databases.

Content

Inhalt: Tim Bemers-Lee: The Original Dream - Re-enter Machines - Where Are We Now? - The World Wide Web Consortium - Where Is the Web Going Next? / Dieter Fensel, James Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster: Why Is There a Need for the Semantic Web and What Will It Provide? - How the Semantic Web Will Be Possible / Jeff Heflin, James Hendler, and Sean Luke: SHOE: A Blueprint for the Semantic Web / Deborah L. McGuinness, Richard Fikes, Lynn Andrea Stein, and James Hendler: DAML-ONT: An Ontology Language for the Semantic Web / Michel Klein, Jeen Broekstra, Dieter Fensel, Frank van Harmelen, and Ian Horrocks: Ontologies and Schema Languages on the Web / Borys Omelayenko, Monica Crubezy, Dieter Fensel, Richard Benjamins, Bob Wielinga, Enrico Motta, Mark Musen, and Ying Ding: UPML: The Language and Tool Support for Making the Semantic Web Alive / Deborah L. McGuinness: Ontologies Come of Age / Jeen Broekstra, Arjohn Kampman, and Frank van Harmelen: Sesame: An Architecture for Storing and Querying RDF Data and Schema Information / Rob Jasper and Mike Uschold: Enabling Task-Centered Knowledge Support through Semantic Markup / Yolanda Gil: Knowledge Mobility: Semantics for the Web as a White Knight for Knowledge-Based Systems / Sanjeev Thacker, Amit Sheth, and Shuchi Patel: Complex Relationships for the Semantic Web / Alexander Maedche, Steffen Staab, Nenad Stojanovic, Rudi Studer, and York Sure: SEmantic portAL: The SEAL Approach / Ora Lassila and Mark Adler: Semantic Gadgets: Ubiquitous Computing Meets the Semantic Web / Christopher Frye, Mike Plusch, and Henry Lieberman: Static and Dynamic Semantics of the Web / Masahiro Hori: Semantic Annotation for Web Content Adaptation / Austin Tate, Jeff Dalton, John Levine, and Alex Nixon: Task-Achieving Agents on the World Wide Web

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Abstract

The Text REtrieval Conference (TREC), a yearly workshop hosted by the US government's National Institute of Standards and Technology, provides the infrastructure necessary for large-scale evaluation of text retrieval methodologies. With the goal of accelerating research in this area, TREC created the first large test collections of full-text documents and standardized retrieval evaluation. The impact has been significant; since TREC's beginning in 1992, retrieval effectiveness has approximately doubled. TREC has built a variety of large test collections, including collections for such specialized retrieval tasks as cross-language retrieval and retrieval of speech. Moreover, TREC has accelerated the transfer of research ideas into commercial systems, as demonstrated in the number of retrieval techniques developed in TREC that are now used in Web search engines. This book provides a comprehensive review of TREC research, summarizing the variety of TREC results, documenting the best practices in experimental information retrieval, and suggesting areas for further research. The first part of the book describes TREC's history, test collections, and retrieval methodology. Next, the book provides "track" reports -- describing the evaluations of specific tasks, including routing and filtering, interactive retrieval, and retrieving noisy text. The final part of the book offers perspectives on TREC from such participants as Microsoft Research, University of Massachusetts, Cornell University, University of Waterloo, City University of New York, and IBM. The book will be of interest to researchers in information retrieval and related technologies, including natural language processing.

Content

Enthält die Beiträge: 1. The Text REtrieval Conference - Ellen M. Voorhees and Donna K. Harman 2. The TREC Test Collections - Donna K. Harman 3. Retrieval System Evaluation - Chris Buckley and Ellen M. Voorhees 4. The TREC Ad Hoc Experiments - Donna K. Harman 5. Routing and Filtering - Stephen Robertson and Jamie Callan 6. The TREC Interactive Tracks: Putting the User into Search - Susan T. Dumais and Nicholas J. Belkin 7. Beyond English - Donna K. Harman 8. Retrieving Noisy Text - Ellen M. Voorhees and John S. Garofolo 9.The Very Large Collection and Web Tracks - David Hawking and Nick Craswell 10. Question Answering in TREC - Ellen M. Voorhees 11. The University of Massachusetts and a Dozen TRECs - James Allan, W. Bruce Croft and Jamie Callan 12. How Okapi Came to TREC - Stephen Robertson 13. The SMART Project at TREC - Chris Buckley 14. Ten Years of Ad Hoc Retrieval at TREC Using PIRCS - Kui-Lam Kwok 15. MultiText Experiments for TREC - Gordon V. Cormack, Charles L. A. Clarke, Christopher R. Palmer and Thomas R. Lynam 16. A Language-Modeling Approach to TREC - Djoerd Hiemstra and Wessel Kraaij 17. BM Research Activities at TREC - Eric W. Brown, David Carmel, Martin Franz, Abraham Ittycheriah, Tapas Kanungo, Yoelle Maarek, J. Scott McCarley, Robert L. Mack, John M. Prager, John R. Smith, Aya Soffer, Jason Y. Zien and Alan D. Marwick Epilogue: Metareflections on TREC - Karen Sparck Jones

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.6, S.910-911 (J.L. Vicedo u. J. Gomez): "The Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) is a yearly workshop hosted by the U.S. government's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) that fosters and supports research in information retrieval as well as speeding the transfer of technology between research labs and industry. Since 1992, TREC has provided the infrastructure necessary for large-scale evaluations of different text retrieval methodologies. TREC impact has been very important and its success has been mainly supported by its continuous adaptation to the emerging information retrieval needs. Not in vain, TREC has built evaluation benchmarks for more than 20 different retrieval problems such as Web retrieval, speech retrieval, or question-answering. The large and intense trajectory of annual TREC conferences has resulted in an immense bulk of documents reflecting the different eval uation and research efforts developed. This situation makes it difficult sometimes to observe clearly how research in information retrieval (IR) has evolved over the course of TREC. TREC: Experiment and Evaluation in Information Retrieval succeeds in organizing and condensing all this research into a manageable volume that describes TREC history and summarizes the main lessons learned. The book is organized into three parts. The first part is devoted to the description of TREC's origin and history, the test collections, and the evaluation methodology developed. The second part describes a selection of the major evaluation exercises (tracks), and the third part contains contributions from research groups that had a large and remarkable participation in TREC. Finally, Karen Spark Jones, one of the main promoters of research in IR, closes the book with an epilogue that analyzes the impact of TREC on this research field.
... TREC: Experiment and Evaluation in Information Retrieval is a reliable and comprehensive review of the TREC program and has been adopted by NIST as the official history of TREC (see http://trec.nist.gov). We were favorably surprised by the book. Well structured and written, chapters are self-contained and the existence of references to specialized and more detailed publications is continuous, which makes it easier to expand into the different aspects analyzed in the text. This book succeeds in compiling TREC evolution from its inception in 1992 to 2003 in an adequate and manageable volume. Thanks to the impressive effort performed by the authors and their experience in the field, it can satiate the interests of a great variety of readers. While expert researchers in the IR field and IR-related industrial companies can use it as a reference manual, it seems especially useful for students and non-expert readers willing to approach this research area. Like NIST, we would recommend this reading to anyone who may be interested in textual information retrieval."