Search (64 results, page 4 of 4)

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Date

20. 1.2015 18:30:22

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Type

r

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 54(2003) no.7, S.695-697 (R. Savolainen): "Donald O. Case has written an ambitious book to create an overall picture of the major approaches to information needs and seeking (INS) studies. The aim to write an extensive review is reflected in the list of references containing about 700 items. The high ambitions are explained an p. 14, where Case states that he is aiming at a multidisciplinary understanding of the concept of information seeking. In the Preface, the author characterizes his book as an introduction to the topic for students at the graduate level, as well as as a review and handbook for scholars engagged in information behavior research. In my view, Looking for Information is particularly welcome as an academic textbook because the field of INS studies suffers from the lack of monographs. Along with the continuous growth of the number of journal articles and conference papers, there is a genuine need for a book that picks up the numerous pieces and puts them together. The use of the study as a textbook is facilitated by clearly delineated sections an major themes and the wealth of concrete examples of information seeking in everyday contexts. The book is lucidly written and it is accessible to novice readers, too. At first glance, the idea of providing a comprehensive review of INS studies may seem a mission impossible because the current number of articles, papers, and other contributions in this field is nearing the 10,000 range (p. 224). Donald Case is not alone in the task of coming to grips with an increasing number of studies; similar problems have been faced by those writing INS-related chapters for the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST). Case has solved the problem of "too many publications to be reviewed" by concentrating an the INS literature published during the last two decades. Secondly, studies an library use and information retrieval are discussed only to a limited extent. In addition, Case is highly selective as to studies focusing an the use of specific sources and channels such as WWW. These delineations are reasonable, even though they beg some questions. First, how should one draw the line between studies an information seeking and information retrieval? Case does not discuss this question in greater detail, although in recent years, the overlapping areas of information seeking and retrieval studies have been broadened, along with the growing importance of WWW in information seeking/retrieval. Secondly, how can one define the concept of information searching (or, more specifically, Internet or Web searching) in relation to information seeking and information retrieval? In the field of Web searching studies, there is an increasing number of contributions that are of direct relevance to information-seeking studies. Clearly, the advent of the Internet, particularly, the Web, has blurred the previous lines between INS and IR literature, making them less clear cut. The book consists of five main sections, and comprises 13 chapters. There is an Appendix serving the needs of an INS textbook (questions for discussion and application). The structure of the book is meticulously planned and, as a whole, it offers a sufficiently balanced contribution to theoretical, methodological, and empirical issues of INS. The title, Looking for Information: A Survey of Research an Information Seeking, Needs, and Behavior aptly describes the main substance of the book. . . . It is easy to agree with Case about the significance of the problem of specialization and fragmentation. This problem seems to be concomitant with the broadening field of INS research. In itself, Case's book can be interpreted as a struggle against this fragmentation. His book suggests that this struggle is not hopeless and that it is still possible to draw an overall picture of the evolving research field. The major pieces of the puzzle were found and the book will provide a useful overview of INS studies for many years."

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Footnote

Am interessantesten und wichtigsten erschien mir der Grundsatzartikel von Peter Ingwersen und Kalervo Järvelin (Kopenhagen/Tampere), The sense of information: Understanding the cognitive conditional information concept in relation to information acquisition (S. 7-19). Hier versuchen die Autoren, den ursprünglich von Ingwersen1 vorgeschlagenen und damals ausschliesslich im Zusammenhang mit dem interaktiven Information Retrieval verwendeten Begriff "conditional cognitive information" anhand eines erweiterten Modells nicht nur auf das Gesamtgebiet von "information seeking and retrieval" (IS&R) auszuweiten, sondern auch auf den menschlichen Informationserwerb aus der Sinneswahrnehmung, wie z.B. im Alltag oder im Rahmen der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnistätigkeit. Dabei werden auch alternative Informationsbegriffe sowie die Beziehung von Information und Bedeutung diskutiert. Einen ebenfalls auf Ingwersen zurückgehenden Ansatz thematisiert der Beitrag von Birger Larsen (Kopenhagen), indem er sich mit dessen vor über 10 Jahren veröffentlichten2 Principle of Polyrepresentation befasst. Dieses beruht auf der Hypothese, wonach die Überlappung zwischen unterschiedlichen kognitiven Repräsentationen - nämlich jenen der Situation des Informationssuchenden und der Dokumente - zur Reduktion der einer Retrievalsituation anhaftenden Unsicherheit und damit zur Verbesserung der Performance des IR-Systems genutzt werden könne. Das Prinzip stellt die Dokumente, ihre Autoren und Indexierer, aber auch die sie zugänglich machende IT-Lösung in einen umfassenden und kohärenten theoretischen Bezugsrahmen, der die benutzerorientierte Forschungsrichtung "Information-Seeking" mit der systemorientierten IR-Forschung zu integrieren trachtet. Auf der Basis theoretischer Überlegungen sowie der (wenigen) dazu vorliegenden empirischen Studien hält Larsen das Model, das von Ingwersen sowohl für "exact match-IR" als auch für "best match-IR" intendiert war, allerdings schon in seinen Grundzügen für "Boolean" (d.h. "exact match"-orientiert) und schlägt ein "polyrepresentation continuum" als Verbesserungsmöglichkeit vor.