-
Fugmann, R.: What is information? : an information veteran looks back (2022)
0.03
0.034582928 = product of:
0.069165856 = sum of:
0.069165856 = sum of:
0.006765375 = weight(_text_:a in 1085) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.006765375 = score(doc=1085,freq=2.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.12739488 = fieldWeight in 1085, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1085)
0.06240048 = weight(_text_:22 in 1085) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06240048 = score(doc=1085,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16128273 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 1085, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1085)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 18. 8.2022 19:22:57
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: Obstacles to progress in mechanized subject access and the necessity of a paradigm change (2000)
0.02
0.01938208 = product of:
0.03876416 = sum of:
0.03876416 = sum of:
0.0075639198 = weight(_text_:a in 1182) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0075639198 = score(doc=1182,freq=10.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.14243183 = fieldWeight in 1182, product of:
3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
10.0 = termFreq=10.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1182)
0.03120024 = weight(_text_:22 in 1182) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03120024 = score(doc=1182,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16128273 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.19345059 = fieldWeight in 1182, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1182)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- Contemporary information systems, both the private and the commercially available ones, have often been blamed for their low effectiveness in terms of precision and recall, especially when they have reached considerable size with respect to file volume and use frequency (see, for example, Belkin, 1980; Blair, 1996, p.19; Desai, 1997; Drabenstott, 1996; Knorz, 1998). Saracevic (1989), after having reviewed the contemporary design of online subject access, calls "for radically different design principles and implementation" (p. 107). Van Rijsbergen (1990) writes: "The keywords approach with statistical techniques has reached its theoretical limit and further attempts for improvement are considered a waste of time" (p. 111). Lancaster (1992) deplores that very little really significant literature an subject indexing has been published in the last thirty or so years. In her preface to the Proceedings of the Sixth International Study Conference an Classification Research in 1997, Mcllwaine (1997) writes, "many were surprised to find that the problems with which they wrestle today are not greatly different from those that have been occupying the minds of specialists in the field for over a generation, and probably a great deal longer" (p. v).
- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: Peculiarities of chemical information from a theoretical viewpoint (1985)
0.00
0.003827074 = product of:
0.007654148 = sum of:
0.007654148 = product of:
0.015308296 = sum of:
0.015308296 = weight(_text_:a in 4026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.015308296 = score(doc=4026,freq=4.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.28826174 = fieldWeight in 4026, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4026)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: Toward a theory of information supply and indexing : treatise 6 on retrieval system theory (1976)
0.00
0.003827074 = product of:
0.007654148 = sum of:
0.007654148 = product of:
0.015308296 = sum of:
0.015308296 = weight(_text_:a in 4766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.015308296 = score(doc=4766,freq=4.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.28826174 = fieldWeight in 4766, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4766)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: Experiences with a faceted classification in organic chemistry using computers (1965)
0.00
0.00334869 = product of:
0.00669738 = sum of:
0.00669738 = product of:
0.01339476 = sum of:
0.01339476 = weight(_text_:a in 2629) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.01339476 = score(doc=2629,freq=4.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.25222903 = fieldWeight in 2629, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=2629)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: On the practice of indexing and its theoretical foundations (1980)
0.00
0.0030255679 = product of:
0.0060511357 = sum of:
0.0060511357 = product of:
0.012102271 = sum of:
0.012102271 = weight(_text_:a in 1679) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.012102271 = score(doc=1679,freq=10.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.22789092 = fieldWeight in 1679, product of:
3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
10.0 = termFreq=10.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1679)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- This article introduces a series of 8 papers giving a survey of the decisions to be made in the choice of the most expedient indexing method and presenting a short description of the contents of each of the papers, namely: the definability of the requested information; individual vs. generic concepts; the predictibility of their mode of expression; the fidelity of concept representation: the indexing language vocabulary; the indexing language grammar; the category-controlled interplay between vocabulary and grammar in an indexing language; the practice of information supply: the personal file; the employment of a large indexing language vocabulary; eth employment of an indexing language syntax
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The glamour and the misery of the thesaurus approach : treatise 4 on information retrieval theory (1974)
0.00
0.00270615 = product of:
0.0054123 = sum of:
0.0054123 = product of:
0.0108246 = sum of:
0.0108246 = weight(_text_:a in 1671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0108246 = score(doc=1671,freq=2.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.20383182 = fieldWeight in 1671, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1671)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The theoretical foundation of the IDC-system : 6 postulates for information retrieval; treatise 1 on information retrieval theory (1972)
0.00
0.00270615 = product of:
0.0054123 = sum of:
0.0054123 = product of:
0.0108246 = sum of:
0.0108246 = weight(_text_:a in 1672) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0108246 = score(doc=1672,freq=2.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.20383182 = fieldWeight in 1672, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1672)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The5[¬five] axiom theory of indexing and information supply (1985)
0.00
0.00270615 = product of:
0.0054123 = sum of:
0.0054123 = product of:
0.0108246 = sum of:
0.0108246 = weight(_text_:a in 1944) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0108246 = score(doc=1944,freq=2.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.20383182 = fieldWeight in 1944, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1944)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: Comments on: the UNISIST draft on indexing principles (1977)
0.00
0.00270615 = product of:
0.0054123 = sum of:
0.0054123 = product of:
0.0108246 = sum of:
0.0108246 = weight(_text_:a in 4767) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0108246 = score(doc=4767,freq=2.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.20383182 = fieldWeight in 4767, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4767)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.; Winter, J.H.: Reverse retrieval : toward analogy inferences by mechanized classification (treatise 7 on retrieval system theory) (1979)
0.00
0.00270615 = product of:
0.0054123 = sum of:
0.0054123 = product of:
0.0108246 = sum of:
0.0108246 = weight(_text_:a in 4771) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0108246 = score(doc=4771,freq=2.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.20383182 = fieldWeight in 4771, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4771)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.; Denk, W.: Variations in the order-creating power of interactive retrieval systems : treatise 8 on retrieval system theory (1980)
0.00
0.00270615 = product of:
0.0054123 = sum of:
0.0054123 = product of:
0.0108246 = sum of:
0.0108246 = weight(_text_:a in 4772) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0108246 = score(doc=4772,freq=2.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.20383182 = fieldWeight in 4772, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4772)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The complementarity of natural and indexing languages (1982)
0.00
0.00270615 = product of:
0.0054123 = sum of:
0.0054123 = product of:
0.0108246 = sum of:
0.0108246 = weight(_text_:a in 7648) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0108246 = score(doc=7648,freq=2.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.20383182 = fieldWeight in 7648, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=7648)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: Book indexing : the classificatory approach (1994)
0.00
0.0026849252 = product of:
0.0053698504 = sum of:
0.0053698504 = product of:
0.010739701 = sum of:
0.010739701 = weight(_text_:a in 6920) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.010739701 = score(doc=6920,freq=14.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.20223314 = fieldWeight in 6920, product of:
3.7416575 = tf(freq=14.0), with freq of:
14.0 = termFreq=14.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6920)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- The contents of scientific and technical handbooks often needs fast, reliable and precise subject access, even if the searcher is not familiar with the terminology of the book and has not read it beforehand. This requires careful and expert subject indexing in a highly specific indexing vocabulary, as well as the presentation of the resulting index in a lucid, conceptually transparent manner in print and on disk. Index users, when looking up a general subject heading, often ignore the necessity of looking up the appertaining hierarchically subordinate, more specific subject headings, too. They are either not made aware of these subject headings or their use is felt to be too cumbersome. A classifies approach to computerized subject indexing is described which resembles Ranganathan's Classified Catalogue. Through a variety of peculiarities it leads the searcher rapidly and easily to all subject headings related to a primarily chosen one, and to the postings under all these headings
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The complementarity of natural and indexing languages (1985)
0.00
0.0025313715 = product of:
0.005062743 = sum of:
0.005062743 = product of:
0.010125486 = sum of:
0.010125486 = weight(_text_:a in 3641) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.010125486 = score(doc=3641,freq=28.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.19066721 = fieldWeight in 3641, product of:
5.2915025 = tf(freq=28.0), with freq of:
28.0 = termFreq=28.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3641)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- The second Cranfield experiment (Cranfield II) in the mid-1960s challenged assumptions held by librarians for nearly a century, namely, that the objective of providing subject access was to bring together all materials an a given topic and that the achieving of this objective required vocabulary control in the form of an index language. The results of Cranfield II were replicated by other retrieval experiments quick to follow its lead and increasing support was given to the opinion that natural language information systems could perform at least as effectively, and certainly more economically, than those employing index languages. When the results of empirical research dramatically counter conventional wisdom, an obvious course is to question the validity of the research and, in the case of retrieval experiments, this eventually happened. Retrieval experiments were criticized for their artificiality, their unrepresentative sampies, and their problematic definitions-particularly the definition of relevance. In the minds of some, at least, the relative merits of natural languages vs. indexing languages continued to be an unresolved issue. As with many eitherlor options, a seemingly safe course to follow is to opt for "both," and indeed there seems to be an increasing amount of counsel advising a combination of natural language and index language search capabilities. One strong voice offering such counsel is that of Robert Fugmann, a chemist by training, a theoretician by predilection, and, currently, a practicing information scientist at Hoechst AG, Frankfurt/Main. This selection from his writings sheds light an the capabilities and limitations of both kinds of indexing. Its special significance lies in the fact that its arguments are based not an empirical but an rational grounds. Fugmann's major argument starts from the observation that in natural language there are essentially two different kinds of concepts: 1) individual concepts, repre sented by names of individual things (e.g., the name of the town Augsburg), and 2) general concepts represented by names of classes of things (e.g., pesticides). Individual concepts can be represented in language simply and succinctly, often by a single string of alphanumeric characters; general concepts, an the other hand, can be expressed in a multiplicity of ways. The word pesticides refers to the concept of pesticides, but also referring to this concept are numerous circumlocutions, such as "Substance X was effective against pests." Because natural language is capable of infinite variety, we cannot predict a priori the manifold ways a general concept, like pesticides, will be represented by any given author. It is this lack of predictability that limits natural language retrieval and causes poor precision and recall. Thus, the essential and defining characteristic of an index language ls that it is a tool for representational predictability.
- Source
- Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.; Kusemann, G.; Winter, H.J.: ¬The supply of information an chemical reactions in the IDC system (1979)
0.00
0.0023678814 = product of:
0.0047357627 = sum of:
0.0047357627 = product of:
0.009471525 = sum of:
0.009471525 = weight(_text_:a in 1648) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009471525 = score(doc=1648,freq=2.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.17835285 = fieldWeight in 1648, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1648)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: On the role of subjectivity in establishing, using, operating and evaluating information retrieval systems : treatise 2 on information retrieval theory (1973)
0.00
0.0023678814 = product of:
0.0047357627 = sum of:
0.0047357627 = product of:
0.009471525 = sum of:
0.009471525 = weight(_text_:a in 1673) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009471525 = score(doc=1673,freq=2.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.17835285 = fieldWeight in 1673, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1673)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: Concluding remarks (1996)
0.00
0.0023678814 = product of:
0.0047357627 = sum of:
0.0047357627 = product of:
0.009471525 = sum of:
0.009471525 = weight(_text_:a in 5388) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009471525 = score(doc=5388,freq=2.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.17835285 = fieldWeight in 5388, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5388)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The empirical approach in the evaluation of information systems (1999)
0.00
0.0020506454 = product of:
0.004101291 = sum of:
0.004101291 = product of:
0.008202582 = sum of:
0.008202582 = weight(_text_:a in 4115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008202582 = score(doc=4115,freq=6.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.1544581 = fieldWeight in 4115, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4115)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- The comparative evaluation of different mechanized information systems continues to constitute a controversial topic in the literature. Diametrically differemt opinions, seemingly corroborated through empirical evidence, have been presented since the time of the Cranfield experiments. For literally anything an empirical 'proof' can be submitted provided that suitable examples are selected and methods are chosen. substantial advance in Library and Information Science requires abandoning empiricism. Budd's 'hermeneutic phenomenoloy' seems to constitute a promising substitute
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The complementarity of natural and indexing languages (1982)
0.00
0.0020296127 = product of:
0.0040592253 = sum of:
0.0040592253 = product of:
0.008118451 = sum of:
0.008118451 = weight(_text_:a in 1008) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008118451 = score(doc=1008,freq=2.0), product of:
0.053105544 = queryWeight, product of:
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.046056706 = queryNorm
0.15287387 = fieldWeight in 1008, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1008)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Type
- a
