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Tenopir, C.; Cahn, P.: TARGET & FREESTYLE : DIALOG and Mead join the relevance ranks (1994)
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Nahl, D.; Tenopir, C.: Affective and cognitive searching behavior of novice end-users of a full-text database (1996)
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- Footnote
- Novice end users were given 2 hours of training in searching a full-text magazine database (Magazine ASAP(TM)) on DIALOG. Subjects searched during 3 to 4 sessions in the presence of a trained monitor who prompted them to think aloud throughout the sessions. qualitative analysis of the transcripts and transaction logs yielded empirical information on user variables (purpose, motivation, satisfaction), uses of the database, move types, and every question users asked during the searches. The spontaneous, naturalistic questions were categorized according to affective, cognitive, and sensorimotor speech acts. Results show that most of the searches were performed for the self and were work related. The most common use of the database was to retrieve full-text articles online and to download and print them out rather than read them on screen. The majority of searches were judged satisfactory. Innovative uses included browsing for background information and obtaining contextualized sentences for language teaching. Searchers made twice as many moves to limit sets as moves to expand sets. Affective questions outnumbered cognitive and sensorimotor questions by two to one. This preponderance of affective micro-information needs during searching might be addressed by new system functions
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Sandusky, R.J.; Tenopir, C.: Finding and using journal-article components : impacts of disaggregation on teaching and research practice (2008)
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- Abstract
- This article reports the results of a study into the use of discrete journal-article components, particularly tables and figures extracted from published scientific journal articles, and their application to teaching and research. Sixty participants were introduced to and asked to perform searches in a journal-article component prototype that presents individual tables and figures as the items returned in the search results set. Multiple methods, including questionnaires, observations, and structured diaries, were used to collect data. The results are analyzed in the context of previous studies on the use of scientific journal articles and in terms of research on scientists' use of specific journal-article components to find information, assess its relevance, read, interpret, and disaggregate the information found, and reaggregate components into new forms of information. Results indicate that scientists believe searching for journal-article components has value in terms of (a) higher precision result sets, (b) better match between the granularity of the prototype's index and the granularity of the information sought for particular tasks, and (c) fit between journal-article component searching and the established teaching and research practices of scientists.
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Tenopir, C.; Wang, P.; Zhang, Y.; Simmons, B.; Pollard, R.: Academic users' interactions with ScienceDirect in search tasks : affective and cognitive behaviors (2008)
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- Abstract
- This article presents part of phase 2 of a research project funded by the NSF-National Science Digital Library Project, which observed how academic users interact with the ScienceDirect information retrieval system for simulated class-related assignments. The ultimate goal of the project is twofold: (1) to find ways to improve science and engineering students' use of science e-journal systems; (2) to develop methods to measure user interaction behaviors. Process-tracing technique recorded participants' processes and interaction behaviors that are measurable; think-aloud protocol captured participants' affective and cognitive verbalizations; pre- and post-search questionnaires solicited demographic information, prior experience with the system, and comments. We explored possible relationships between affective feelings and cognitive behaviors. During search interactions both feelings and thoughts occurred frequently. Positive feelings were more common and were associated more often with thoughts about results. Negative feelings were associated more often with thoughts related to the system, search strategy, and task. Learning styles are also examined as a factor influencing behavior. Engineering graduate students with an assimilating learning style searched longer and paused less than those with a converging learning style. Further exploration of learning styles is suggested.
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Douglass, K.; Allard, S.; Tenopir, C.; Wu, L.W.; Frame, M.: Managing scientific data as public assets : data sharing practices and policies among full-time government employees (2014)
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- Abstract
- This paper examines how scientists working in government agencies in the U.S. are reacting to the "ethos of sharing" government-generated data. For scientists to leverage the value of existing government data sets, critical data sets must be identified and made as widely available as possible. However, government data sets can only be leveraged when policy makers first assess the value of data, in much the same way they decide the value of grants for research outside government. We argue that legislators should also remove structural barriers to interoperability by funding technical infrastructure according to issue clusters rather than administrative programs. As developers attempt to make government data more accessible through portals, they should consider a range of other nontechnical constraints attached to the data. We find that agencies react to the large number of constraints by mostly posting their data on their own websites only rather than in data portals that can facilitate sharing. Despite the nontechnical constraints, we find that scientists working in government agencies exercise some autonomy in data decisions, such as data documentation, which determine whether or not the data can be widely shared. Fortunately, scientists indicate a willingness to share the data they collect or maintain. However, we argue further that a complete measure of access should also consider the normative decisions to collect (or not) particular data.
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Tenopir, C.: Generations of online searching (1996)
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- Abstract
- Outlines 3 generations of online searching: to 1981, when personal computers became ubiquitous, when searching was done from dumb terminals by intermediaries; from 1982 to 1991, when through the use of the PC, faster transmission speeds and the advent of ASCII full text, specialized end users joined intermediaries in the exploitation of online; and a generation characterized by multimedia PCs, higher transmission speeds, ASCII and 'image' full text databases, the invlovement of the general end user. Reviews the evolution of these 3 generations in 4 specific areas: content/databases; people and organizations involved; the places people search; motives for using online; and search engines and interfaces used
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Tenopir, C.: Electronic publishing : research issues for academic librarians and users (2003)
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- Abstract
- Increased reliance on electronic resources requires examination of the roles of librarians in several key ways. This paper addresses the need for further research into three important areas of electronic publishing. How is the change to digital information sources affecting the scholarly work of college and university students? Previous research shows that students rely on Web and online resources and ask for less help from librarians. We do not know, however, how these changes will affect the learning and scholarly work of college and university students. Research is also needed to determine how the differences between separate article and full journal databases affect the way research is done. What are the implications for scholarship of decisions being made about what publishers publish and what librarians purchase? Finally, are librarians--as intermediaries to the search process--still necessary in a digital age? Online systems are designed to be used independently but that may not always yield the best results.
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Tenopir, C.; Hover, K.: When is the same database not the same : database differences among systems (1993)
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Tenopir, C.: Online databases : standardization across databases (1994)
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Tenopir, C.; Nahl-Jakobovits, D.; Howard, D.L.: Strategies and assessments online : novices' experience (1991)
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Tenopir, C.: Full-text retrieval : systems and files (1994)
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Tenopir, C.: ASCII full texts (1995)
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Tenopir, C.: Common end user errors (1997)
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Tenopir, C.: Online databases : taking online interaction for granted (1997)
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Tenopir, C.: Will online vendors survive? (1998)
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Tenopir, C.: Online systems for information access and retrieval (2008)
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Wilson, C.S.; Tenopir, C.: Local citation analysis, publishing and reading patterns : using multiple methods to evaluate faculty use of an academic library's research collection (2008)
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