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  • × author_ss:"Fidel, R."
  • × language_ss:"e"
  1. Fidel, R.: ¬The user-centered approach (2000) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    I started my professional career in library and information science because of my great interest in knowledge organization. The more experience I gained in the profession, the more I realized how crucial it is to understand which organization would be best for each group of users. This in turn requires an understanding of how users seek information. And so now my focus is an studying information seeking and searching behavior. Throughout the relatively long course of changing my focus, I followed Pauline Cochrane's writings. Now I can say that she has been among the first to have a "user-centered approach" to knowledge organization, and she has used the term three years before it became a mainstream phrase. The following is a short discussion about the usercentered approach which was presented in a workshop in 1997.
    Date
    22. 9.1997 19:16:05
    Type
    a
  2. Fidel, R.; Crandall, M.: ¬The role of subject access in information filtering (1998) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The sheer amount of electronic information makes filtering a vital component of contemporary information work. Field observations of managers and engineers at the Boeing Company who received filtered information about computer-related topics revealed criteria they used to select, and those they used to reject, documents within their subject interest. Responses to a questionnaire indicated that some criteria are used more frequently and are more important than others. The few criteria that related to the subject matter of the documents were not limited to a subject domain. Other criteria addressed the form of the documents, their content, and writing style. In addition, some criteria were stable and somewhat objective and others were situational and subjective. An examination of these criteria shows that many of them could be used in filtering, in addition to subject-based mechanisms, and that they might be particularly useful for systems with multiple sources because they can provide a useful filter that is not based on the subject domain
    Date
    22. 9.1997 19:16:05
    Type
    a
  3. Fidel, R.; Soergel, D.: Factors affecting online bibliographic retrieval : a conceptual framework for research (1983) 0.00 
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  4. Fidel, R.: Who needs controlled vocabulary? (1992) 0.00 
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  5. Fidel, R.: Moves in online searching (1985) 0.00 
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  6. Fidel, R.: Thesaurus requirements for an intermediary expert system (1992) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Direct observations and analysis of searching behaviour of professional online searchers shed light on thesaurus requirements for an intermediary expert system - a system that mediates between online databases and end users. Examination of searchers' decisions about the selection of search keys, and of the knowledge about terminological and subject properties that are employed, illuminated the requirements for a thesaurus that will facilitate the selection of search keys. Expert knowledge is needed when: a term occurs very frequently in the database; it has many synonyms; it is ambiguous; it is vague; or its meaning is context dependent. To diagnose such terms and to give advice, a thesaurus would be used together with a variety of text sources such as databases' thesauri, machine-readable dictionaries and glossaries and the databases' text. The thesaurus would be a knowledge structure that indicates frequency data, hedges, and a classificatory structure; both intellectual and automated procedures would be used to create it. Such a knowledge structure in place would require a new approach to text analysis and to the construction of controlled vocabularies
    Type
    a
  7. Travis, I.L.; Fidel, R.: Subject analysis (1982) 0.00 
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  8. Fidel, R.: Writing abstracts for free-text searching (1986) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    A survey of abstracting policies by producers of bibliographical databases examined abstracting guidelines which aim to enhance free- text retrieval. Of the 123 database policies examined, fifty-seven (46 per cent) included such instructions. Editors consider contents of abstracts and their language as a primary factor in retrieval enhancement. Most recommend that once abstractors decide which concepts to include in abstracts and in which form to represent them, these terms should be co-ordinated with index terms assigned from a controlled vocabulary. Guidelines about the type of abstracts, i.e., informative or indicative, and about their length are not affected by the capability of free-text retrieval
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  9. Fidel, R.: Online searching styles (1990) 0.00 
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  10. Fidel, R.: Searchers' selection of search keys : 1. The selection routine (1991) 0.00 
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  11. Fidel, R.: Toward expert systems for the selection of search keys (1986) 0.00 
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  12. Fidel, R.: Searchers' selection of search keys : 3. Searching styles (1991) 0.00 
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  13. Fidel, R.; Davies, R.K.; Douglass, M.H.; Holder, J.K.; Hopkins, C.J.; Kushner, E.J.; Miyagishimas, B.K.; Toney, C.D.: ¬A visit to the information mall : Web searching behavior of high school students (1999) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This article analyzes Web searching behavior for homework assignments of high school students through field observations in class and the terminal with students thinking alound, and through interviews with various participants, including the teacher and librarian. Students performed focused searching and progressed through a search swiftly and flexibly. They used landmarks and assumed that one can always start a new search and ask for help. They were satisfied with their searches and the results, but impatient with slow response. The students enjoyed searching the Web because it had a variety of formats, it showed pictures, it covered a multitude of subjects and it provided easy access to information. Difficulties and problems students encountered emphasize the need for training to all involved, and for a system design that is based on user seeking and searching behavior
    Type
    a
  14. Fidel, R.; Efthimiadis, E.N.: Terminological knowledge structure for intermediary expert systems (1995) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    To provide advice for online searching about term selection and query expansion, an intermediary expert system should indicate a terminological knowledge structure. Terminological attributes could provide the foundation of a knowledge base, and knowledge acquisition could rely on knowledge base techniques coupled with statistical techniques. The strategies of expert searchers would provide 1 source of knowledge. The knowledge structure would include 3 constructs for each term: frequency data, a hedge, and a position in a classification scheme. Switching vocabularies could provide a meta-scheme and facilitate the interoperability of databases in similar subjects. To develop such knowledge structure, research should focus on terminological attributes, word and phrase disambiguation, automated text processing, and the role of thesauri and classification schemes in indexing and retrieval. It should develop techniques that combine knowledge base and statistical methods and that consider user preferences
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  15. Fidel, R.: User-centered indexing (1994) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Two distinct approaches describe the process of indexing. The document-oriented approach claims that indexing summarizes or represents the content of a document. The user-oriented approach requires that indexing reflect the requests for which a document might be relevant. Most indexing, in practice as well as in theory, subscribe to both, but the document-oriented approach has enjoyed most viability. While request-oriented indexing is a user-centered approach, it is very difficult to implement with human, a priori indexing. Automated indexing with its dynamic and flexible nature is most fit to tailor indexing to requirements of individual users and requests, yet most of current research in the area focuses on the development of global methods. Regardless of the method, user-centered indexing cannot be developed before searching behavior is understood better
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  16. Fidel, R.: Searchers' selection of search keys : 2. Controlled vocabulary or free-text searching (1991) 0.00 
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  17. Fidel, R.: Approaches to investigating information interaction and behaviour (2011) 0.00 
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  18. Fidel, R.: Online searching styles : a case-study-based model of searching behavior (1984) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The model of operationalist and conceptualist searching styles describes searching behavior of experienced online searchers. It is based on the systematic observation of five experienced online searchers doing their regular, job-related searches, and on the analysis of 10 to 13 searches conducted by each of them. Operationalist searchers aim at optimal strategies to achieve precise retrieval; they use a large range of system capabilities in their interaction. They preserve the specific meaning of the request, and the aim of their interactions is an answer set representing the request precisely. Conceptualist searchers analyze a request by seeking to fit it into a faceted structure. They first enter the facet that represents the most important aspect of the request. Their search is then centered on retrieving subsets from this primary set by introducing additional facets. In contrast to the operationalists, they are primarily concerned with recall. During the interaction they preserve the faceted structure, but may change the specific meaning of the request. Although not comprehensive, the model aids in recognizing special and individual characteristics of searching behavior which provide explanations of previous research and guidelines for further investigations into the search process
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  19. Fidel, R.; Pejtersen, A.M.; Cleal, B.; Bruce, H.: ¬A multidimensional approach to the study of human-information interaction : a case study of collaborative information retrieval (2004) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    While most research in the area of human-information behavior has focused an a single dimension-either the psychological or the social-this case study demonstrated the importance of a multidimensional approach. The Cognitive Work Analysis framework guided this field study of one event of collaborative information retrieval (CIR) carried out by design engineers at Microsoft, including observations and interviews. Various dimensions explained the motives for this CIR event and the challenges the participants encountered: the cognitive dimension, the specific task and decision, the organization of the teamwork, and the organizational culture. Even though it is difficult at times to separate one dimension from another, and all are interdependent, the analysis uncovered several reasons for design engineers to engage in CIR, such as when they are new to the organization or the team, when the information lends itself to various interpretations, or when most of the needed information is not documented. Similar multidimensional studies will enhance our understanding of human-information behavior.
    Type
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  20. Fidel, R.: What is missing in research about online searching behaviour? (1987) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Experiments in online searching behaviour have failed to explain the phenomena they were designed to study. An examination of the variables used in research to data finds the most commonly used independent variables are searcher characteristics. Search-process and search outcome variables are the most commonly dependent variables. The search process variables are inadequate because they are situational and subject to constant change. Significantly, these variables measure the cost of a search rather than the intellectual processes involved in answering a request. While these experiments could support the discovery of the 'productive searcher', they cannot uncover searching behaviour. Only in-depth analyses of the search process itself can lead to productive research
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