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  • × author_ss:"Robertson, S.E."
  1. Robertson, S.E.: On relevance weight estimation and query expansion (1986) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    A Bayesian argument is used to suggest modifications to the Robertson/Sparck Jones relevance weighting formula, to accomodate the addition to the query of terms taken from the relevant documents identified during the search
    Type
    a
  2. Robertson, S.E.; Thompson, C.L.: ¬An operational evaluation of weighting, ranking and relevance feedback via a front-end system (1987) 0.00 
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  3. Robertson, S.E.; Walker, S.; Beaulieu, M.: Laboratory experiments with Okapi : participation in the TREC programme (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Briefly reviews the history of laboratory testing of information retrieval systems, focusing on the idea of a general purpose test collection of documents, queries and relevance judgements. Gives an overview of the methods used in TREC (Text Retrieval Conference) which is concerned with an ideal test collection, and discusses the Okapi team's participation in TREC. Also discusses some of the issues surrounding the difficult problem of interactive evaluation in TREC. The reconciliation of the requirements of the laboratory context with the concerns of interactive retrieval has a long way to go
    Footnote
    Contribution to a thematic issue on Okapi and information retrieval research
    Type
    a
  4. Robertson, S.E.; Beaulieu, M.: Research and evaluation in information retrieval (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Offered as a discussion document drawing on the experiences of the Okapi team in developing information retrieval systems. Raises some of the issues currently exercising the information retrieval community in the context of experimentation and evaluation
    Footnote
    Contribution to a thematic issue on Okapi and information retrieval research
    Type
    a
  5. Robertson, S.E.: Overview of the Okapi projects (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Gives a brief description of the Okapi projects and of the work of the centre for Interactive Systems Research in the Department of Information Science at City University, London,UK, where these projects have been developed. Describes firstly one version of an information retrieval system which contains some of the central features of the Okapi projects, and follows this with an indication of the variety of systems now implemented or implementable within the present setup
    Footnote
    Contribution to a thematic issue on Okapi and information retrieval research
    Type
    a
  6. Robertson, S.E.: Some recent theories and models in information retrieval (1980) 0.00 
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  7. Robertson, S.E.: ¬The probability ranking principle in IR (1977) 0.00 
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  8. Beaulieu, M.M.; Gatford, M.; Huang, X.; Robertson, S.E.; Walker, S.; Williams, P.: Okapi an TREC-5 (1997) 0.00 
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  9. Robertson, S.E.: Theories and models in information retrieval (1977) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper is concerned with recent work in the theory of information retrieval. More particularly, it is concerned with theories which tackle the problem of retrieval performance, in a sense which will be explained. The aim is not an exhaustive survey of such work; rather it is an analysis and synthesis of those contributions which I feel to be important or find interesting
    Type
    a
  10. Robertson, S.E.; Sparck Jones, K.: Simple, proven approaches to text retrieval (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This technical note describes straightforward techniques for document indexing and retrieval that have been solidly established through extensive testing and are easy to apply. They are useful for many different types of text material, are viable for very large files, and have the advantage that they do not require special skills or training for searching, but are easy for end users. The document and text retrieval methods described here have a sound theoretical basis, are well established by extensive testing, and the ideas involved are now implemented in some commercial retrieval systems. Testing in the last few years has, in particular, shown that the methods presented here work very well with full texts, not only title and abstracts, and with large files of texts containing three quarters of a million documents. These tests, the TREC Tests (see Harman 1993 - 1997; IP&M 1995), have been rigorous comparative evaluations involving many different approaches to information retrieval. These techniques depend an the use of simple terms for indexing both request and document texts; an term weighting exploiting statistical information about term occurrences; an scoring for request-document matching, using these weights, to obtain a ranked search output; and an relevance feedback to modify request weights or term sets in iterative searching. The normal implementation is via an inverted file organisation using a term list with linked document identifiers, plus counting data, and pointers to the actual texts. The user's request can be a word list, phrases, sentences or extended text.
  11. MacFarlane, A.; McCann, J.A.; Robertson, S.E.: Parallel methods for the update of partitioned inverted files (2007) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - An issue that tends to be ignored in information retrieval is the issue of updating inverted files. This is largely because inverted files were devised to provide fast query service, and much work has been done with the emphasis strongly on queries. This paper aims to study the effect of using parallel methods for the update of inverted files in order to reduce costs, by looking at two types of partitioning for inverted files: document identifier and term identifier. Design/methodology/approach - Raw update service and update with query service are studied with these partitioning schemes using an incremental update strategy. The paper uses standard measures used in parallel computing such as speedup to examine the computing results and also the costs of reorganising indexes while servicing transactions. Findings - Empirical results show that for both transaction processing and index reorganisation the document identifier method is superior. However, there is evidence that the term identifier partitioning method could be useful in a concurrent transaction processing context. Practical implications - There is an increasing need to service updates, which is now becoming a requirement of inverted files (for dynamic collections such as the web), demonstrating that a shift in requirements of inverted file maintenance is needed from the past. Originality/value - The paper is of value to database administrators who manage large-scale and dynamic text collections, and who need to use parallel computing to implement their text retrieval services.
    Type
    a
  12. MacFarlane, A.; McCann, J.A.; Robertson, S.E.: Parallel methods for the generation of partitioned inverted files (2005) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The generation of inverted indexes is one of the most computationally intensive activities for information retrieval systems: indexing large multi-gigabyte text databases can take many hours or even days to complete. We examine the generation of partitioned inverted files in order to speed up the process of indexing. Two types of index partitions are investigated: TermId and DocId. Design/methodology/approach - We use standard measures used in parallel computing such as speedup and efficiency to examine the computing results and also the space costs of our trial indexing experiments. Findings - The results from runs on both partitioning methods are compared and contrasted, concluding that DocId is the more efficient method. Practical implications - The practical implications are that the DocId partitioning method would in most circumstances be used for distributing inverted file data in a parallel computer, particularly if indexing speed is the primary consideration. Originality/value - The paper is of value to database administrators who manage large-scale text collections, and who need to use parallel computing to implement their text retrieval services.
    Type
    a
  13. Robertson, S.E.: OKAPI at TREC-1 (1994) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Describes the work carried out on the TREC-2 project following the results of the TREC-1 project. Experiments were conducted on the OKAPI experimental text information retrieval system which investigated a number of alternative probabilistic term weighting functions in place of the 'standard' Robertson Sparck Jones weighting functions used in TREC-1
  14. Robertson, S.E.; Walker, S.: Some simple effective approximations to the 2-Poisson molde for probabilisitc weighted retrieval (1979) 0.00 
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    Type
    a
  15. Robertson, S.E.; Walker, S.; Hancock-Beaulieu, M.M.: Large test collection experiments of an operational, interactive system : OKAPI at TREC (1995) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The Okapi system has been used in a series of experiments on the TREC collections, investiganting probabilistic methods, relevance feedback, and query expansion, and interaction issues. Some new probabilistic models have been developed, resulting in simple weigthing functions that take account of document length and within document and within query term frequency. All have been shown to be beneficial when based on large quantities of relevance data as in the routing task. Interaction issues are much more difficult to evaluate in the TREC framework, and no benefits have yet been demonstrated from feedback based on small numbers of 'relevant' items identified by intermediary searchers
    Type
    a
  16. Robertson, S.E.: OKAPI at TREC-3 (1995) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Reports text information retrieval experiments performed as part of the 3 rd round of Text Retrieval Conferences (TREC) using the Okapi online catalogue system at City University, UK. The emphasis in TREC-3 was: further refinement of term weighting functions; an investigation of run time passage determination and searching; expansion of ad hoc queries by terms extracted from the top documents retrieved by a trial search; new methods for choosing query expansion terms after relevance feedback, now split into methods of ranking terms prior to selection and subsequent selection procedures; and the development of a user interface procedure within the new TREC interactive search framework

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