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Abstract

Cartographic maps have guided our explorations for centuries, allowing us to navigate the world. Science maps have the potential to guide our search for knowledge in the same way, helping us navigate, understand, and communicate the dynamic and changing structure of science and technology. Allowing us to visualize scientific results, science maps help us make sense of the avalanche of data generated by scientific research today. Atlas of Science, features more than thirty full-page science maps, fifty data charts, a timeline of science-mapping milestones, and 500 color images; it serves as a sumptuous visual index to the evolution of modern science and as an introduction to "the science of science"--charting the trajectory from scientific concept to published results. Atlas of Science, based on the popular exhibit "Places & Spaces: Mapping Science," describes and displays successful mapping techniques. The heart of the book is a visual feast: Claudius Ptolemy's Cosmographia World Map from 1482; a guide to a PhD thesis that resembles a subway map; "the structure of science" as revealed in a map of citation relationships in papers published in 2002; a periodic table; a history flow visualization of the Wikipedia article on abortion; a globe showing the worldwide distribution of patents; a forecast of earthquake risk; hands-on science maps for kids; and many more. Each entry includes the story behind the map and biographies of its makers. Not even the most brilliant minds can keep up with today's deluge of scientific results. Science maps show us the landscape of what we know. Exhibition Ongoing National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. The Institute for Research Information and Quality Assurance, Bonn, Germany Storm Hall, San Diego State College

Date

22. 1.2017 17:12:16

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Ernst Pöppel: Wissen - und wie es kommuniziert werden kann. - Anne-Katharina Weilenmann: Von Cyberscience zu e-Science. - Katrin Weller, Indra Mainz, Ingo Paulsen, Dominic Mainz: Semantisches und vernetztes Wissensmanagement für Forschung und Wissenschaft. - Ute Rusnak, Matthias Razum, Leni Helmes: Wissensvernetzung im Forschungsprozess. - Elena Semenova, Martin Stricker: Eine Ontologie der Wissenschaftsdisziplinen. Entwicklung eines Instrumentariums für die Wissenskommunikation. - Peter Haber, Jan Hodel: Historische Fachkommunikation im Wandel. Analysen und Trends. - Lydia Bauer, Nadja Böller, Josef Herget, Sonja Hierl: Konzepte zur Förderung der Wissenschaftskommunikation: Der Churer Ansatz zur Vermittlung von kollaborativen Kompetenzen. - Susanne von liter: Wissenschaftskommunikation in der Entwicklungsforschung/Entwicklungszusammenarbeit Web2.0 und Communities of Practice - ein Beitrag aus der Praxis. - Steffen Leich-Nienhaus: Wissenschaftliche Informationsversorgung am modernen digitalen Arbeitsplatz. - Christian Hänger, Christine Krätzsch: Collaborative Tagging als neuer Service von Hochschulbibliotheken. - Christoph Bläsi: Mobile IT in kleinen und mittleren Medienunternehmen zur Prozess- und Serviceverbesserung. - Michael Diepenbroek, Hannes Grobe: PANGAEA® als vernetztes Verlags- und Bibliothekssystem für wissenschaftliche Daten. - Jan Brase, Jens Klump: Zitierfähige Datensätze: Primärdaten-Management durch DOls. - Harald Krottmaier: Die Systemarchitektur von PROBADO: Der allgemeine Zugriff auf Repositorien mit nicht-textuellen Inhalten. - Annette Holtkamp: Open Access Publishing in der Hochenergiephysik: Das SCOAP3 Projekt. - Wiebke Oeltjen: Metadaten-Management mit MyCoRe. - Karin Weishaupt: Open-Access-Zeitschriften als neue Form wissenschaftlicher Kommunikation: Vorbehalte und Vorschläge für Maßnahmen zur Akzeptanzsteigerung. - Wolfgang Glänzel, Koenraad Debackere: Bibliometrie zwischen Forschung und Dienstleistung. - Patrick Vanouplines, Ronald Beullens: Merging information sources to obtain the impact factor of open access journals. - Dirk Tunger: Bibliometrie als Teil eines Trenderkennungs-Systems in der Naturwissenschaft. - Milos Jovanovic: Indicators for Footprints through science - Designing the Journal Application Level (JAL). - James Pringle: The ISl Web of Knowledge as a Management Tool. - Show-Ling Lee-Müller, Gerd Schumacher: Einsatz bibliometrischer Analysen im EU-Projekt zur Technologiefrüherkennung SMART. - Henning Möller: Messen, Steuern, Regeln - zum Controlling der Helmhoitz-Forschung

Date

20. 1.2018 20:22:16

Footnote

Die letzten beiden Teile des Kongressbandes behandeln die Möglichkeiten der Bibliometrie zum Handling des sich explosionsartig vermehrenden Wissens sowie der Einsatz solcher Technologien als Trenderkennungssystem. Zuletzt behandelt ein Artikel die Evaluation der Helmholtz-Einrichtungen. Am Schluss befindet sich noch ein sechsseitiges Register, das sehr hilfreich und für einen Kongressband keineswegs selbstverständlich ist. Vielleicht sollte noch auf den als Einleitung abgedruckten, überaus lesenswerten Festvortrag von Ernst Pöppel, Professor für medizinische Psychologie aus München, hingewiesen werden, der die verschiedenen Formen des Wissens allgemeinverständlich aus Sicht der Hirnforschung darstellt. Hervorzuheben ist noch, dass die Publikation kostenlos über den Publikationsserver des FZ Jülich bezogen werden kann, eine Tatsache, die sich offensichtlich nicht herumgesprochen hat, da bei einer Suche über den Karlsruher Virtuellen Katalog (Stand: 22. April 2008) dieses »Exemplar« nicht gefunden wurde. Als höchstes der Gefühle bietet der Südwestverbund bei »elektronische Referenz« einen Link auf das Inhaltsverzeichnis. Vielleicht erbarmt sich pro Verbund jemand und nimmt die elektronische Version auf."
Weitere Rez. in: Mitt VÖB 61(2008) H.2, S79-84 (E. Pipp): " ... Der Tagungsband bietet einen guten Einblick in die behandelten Themenschwerpunkte. Da sich alle Autor/inn/en bemühten, Fragestellungen, Probleme und Ziele vorzustellen, auf weiterführende Literatur und zukunftsweisende Lösungsansätze hinzuweisen, wird dieser Tagungsband sicherlich auch noch in einigen Jahren mit Gewinn gelesen werden können." - IWP 59(2008) H.4, S.267-268 (A. Oßwald)

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Abstract

An argument for extending the circulation of knowledge with new publishing technologies considers scholarly, economic, philosophical, and practical issues. Questions about access to scholarship go back farther than recent debates over subscription prices, rights, and electronic archives suggest. The great libraries of the past - from the fabled collection at Alexandria to the early public libraries of nineteenth-century America - stood as arguments for increasing access. In The Access Principle, John Willinsky describes the latest chapter in this ongoing story - online open access publishing by scholarly journals - and makes a case for open access as a public good. A commitment to scholarly work, writes Willinsky, carries with it a responsibility to circulate that work as widely as possible: this is the access principle. In the digital age, that responsibility includes exploring new publishing technologies and economic models to improve access to scholarly work. Wide circulation adds value to published work; it is a significant aspect of its claim to be knowledge. The right to know and the right to be known are inextricably mixed. Open access, argues Willinsky, can benefit both a researcher-author working the best-equipped lab at a leading research university and a teacher struggling to find resources in an impoverished high school. Willinsky describes different types of access - the New England Journal of Medicine, for example, grants open access to issues six months after initial publication, and First Monday forgoes a print edition and makes its contents immediately accessible at no cost. He discusses the contradictions of copyright law, the reading of research, and the economic viability of open access. He also considers broader themes of public access to knowledge, human rights issues, lessons from publishing history, and "epistemological vanities." The debate over open access, writes Willinsky, raises crucial questions about the place of scholarly work in a larger world - and about the future of knowledge.

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.9, S.1386 (L.A. Ennis): "Written by John Willinsky. Pacific Press Professor of Literacy and Technology at the University of British Columbia and Open Journals Systems Software des eloper. the eighth hook in the Digital Libraries and Electronic Publishing series (edited by William Y. Arms) provides a compelling and convincing argument in favor of open access. At the core of this work is Willinsky's "access principle." a commitment that "research carries with it a responsibility to extend circulation of such work as far as possible and ideally to all who are interested in it and all who might profit from it" (p.xii). One by one Willinsky tackles the obstacles. both real and perceived, to open access. succeeding in his goal to "inform and inspire a larger debate over the political and moral economy of knowledge" (p.xiv). The author does note the irony of publishing a hook while advocating for open access, but points out that he does so to reach a larger audience. Willinsky also points out that most of the chapters' earlier versions can be found in open-access journals and on his Web site (http://www.11ed.educubc.ca/faculty/willinsky.html). The Access Principle is organized topically into thirteen chapters covering a broad range of practical and theoretical issues. Taken together. these chapters provide the reader with an excellent introduction to the open-access debate as well as all the potential benefits and possible impacts of the open-access movement. The author also includes six appendices. with information on metadata and indexing. os er twenty pages of references, and an index. ... All of Willinsky's arguments arc convincing and heartfelt. It is apparent throughout the hook that the author deeply believes in the principles behind open access. and his passion and conviction come through in the work. making the hook a thought-provoking and very interesting read. While he offers numerous examples to illustrate his points throughout the work. he does not. however. offer solutions or state that he has all the answers. In that, he succeeds in his goal to craft a hook that "informs and inspires. As a result, The Access Principle is an important read for information professionals, researchers, and academics of all kinds, whether or not the reader agrees with Willinsky."

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Content

Inhalt: An Introduction to Metatheories, Theories, and Models (Marcia J. Bates) - What Methodology Does to Theory: Sense-Making Methodology as Exemplar (Brenda Dervin) Evolution in Information Behavior Modeling Wilson's Model (T.D. Wilson) - Affective Load (Diane Nahl) - Anomalous State of Knowledge (Nicholas J. Belkin) - Archival Intelligence (Elizabeth Yakel) - Bandura's Social Cognition (Makiko Miwa) - Berrypicking (Marcia J. Bates) - Big6 Skills for Information Literacy (Carrie A. Lowe and Michael B. Eisenberg) - Chang's Browsing (Chan-Ju L. Chang) - Chatman's Information Poverty (Julie Hersberger) - Chatman's Life in the Round (Crystal Fulton) - Cognitive Authority (Soo Young Rieh) - Cognitive Work Analysis (Raya Fidel and Annelise Mark Pejtersen) - Collective Action Dilemma (Marc Smith and Howard T. Weiser) - Communicative Action (Gerald Benoît) - Communities of Practice (Elisabeth Davies) - Cultural Models of Hall and Hofstede (Anita Komlodi) - Dervin's Sense-Making (Tonyia J. Tidline) - Diffusion Theory (Darian Lajoie-Paquette) - The Domain Analytic Approach to Scholars' Information Practices (Sanna Talja) - Ecological Theory of Human Information Behavior (Kirsty Williamson) - Elicitation as Micro-Level Information Seeking (Mei-Mei Wu) - Ellis's Model of InformationSeeking Behavior (David Ellis) - Everyday Life Information Seeking (Reijo Savolainen) - Face Threat (Lorri Mon) - Flow Theory (Charles Naumer) - General Model of the Information Seeking of Professionals (Gloria J. Leckie) - The Imposed Query (Melissa Gross) - Information Acquiringand-Sharing (Kevin Rioux) - Information Activities in Work Tasks (Katriina Byström) - Information Encountering (Sanda Erdelez) - Information Grounds (Karen E. Fisher) - Information Horizons (Diane H. Sonnenwald) - Information Intents (Ross J. Todd) - Information Interchange (Rita Marcella and Graeme Baxter) - Institutional Ethnography (Roz Stooke) - Integrative Framework for Information Seeking and Interactive Information Retrieval (Peter Ingwersen) - Interpretative Repertoires (Pamela J. McKenzie) - Krikelas's Model of Information Seeking (Jean Henefer and Crystal Fulton) - Kuhlthau's Information Search Process (Carol Collier Kuhlthau) - Library Anxiety (Patricia Katopol) - Monitoring and Blunting (Lynda M. Baker) - Motivational Factors for Interface Design (Carolyn Watters and Jack Duffy) - Network Gatekeeping (Karine Barzilai-Nahon) - Nonlinear Information Seeking (Allen Foster) - Optimal Foraging (JoAnn Jacoby) - Organizational Sense Making and Information Use (Anu Maclntosh-Murray) - The PAIN Hypothesis (Harry Bruce) -
Perspectives on the Tasks in which Information Behaviors Are Embedded (Barbara M. Wildemuth and Anthony Hughes) - Phenomenography (Louise Limberg) - Practice of Everyday Life (Paulette Rothbauer) - Principle of Least Effort (Donald O. Case) - Professions and Occupational Identities (Olof Sundin and Jenny Hedman) - Radical Change (Eliza T. Dresang) - Reader Response Theory (Catherine Sheldrick Ross) - Rounding and Dissonant Grounds (Paul Solomon) - Serious Leisure (Jenna Hartel) - Small-World Network Exploration (Lennart Björneborn) - Nan Lin's Theory of Social Capital (Catherine A. Johnson) - The Social Constructionist Viewpoint on Information Practices (Kimmo Tuominen, Sanna Talja, and Reijo Savolainen) - Social Positioning (Lisa M. Given) - The Socio-Cognitive Theory of Users Situated in Specific Contexts and Domains (Birger Hjoerland) - Strength of Weak Ties (Christopher M. Dixon) - Symbolic Violence (Steven Joyce) - Taylor's Information Use Environments (Ruth A. Palmquist) - Taylor's Question-Negotiation (Phillip M. Edwards) - Transtheoretical Model of the Health Behavior Change (C. Nadine Wathen and Roma M. Harris) - Value Sensitive Design (Batya Friedman and Nathan G. Freier) - Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (Lynne (E. E) McKechnie) - Web Information Behaviors of Organizational Workers (Brian Detlor) - Willingness to Return (Tammara Combs Turner and Joan C. Durrance) - Women's Ways of Knowing (Heidi Julien) - Work Task Information-Seeking and Retrieval Processes (Preben Hansen) - World Wide Web Information Seeking (Don Turnbull)

Footnote

Rez. in: Mitt. VÖB 59(2006) H.3, S.90-93 (O. Oberhauser): "What a marvellous book! [dies vorwegnehmend als Quintessenz der folgenden Rezension und auch für den englischsprachigen Verlag gedacht]. Den drei Herausgeberinnen, die an den Universitäten von Washington (Seattle, WA), Missouri (Columbia, MO) und Western Ontario (London, Kanada) lehren, ist das seltene Kunststück geglückt, einen Band zu erstellen, der nicht nur als mustergültige Einführung in die Thematik human information behaviour zu dienen vermag, sondern gleichzeitig auch als Nachschlagewerk zu den vielfältigen theoretischen Ansätzen innerhalb dieser bedeutenden Teildisziplin der Informationswissenschaft herangezogen werden kann. Wie sie selbst in der Danksagung feststellen, ist das Buch "a collaborative work of the information behavior community" (S. xvii), wobei die editorische Leistung vor allem darin lag, 85 Beitragende aus zehn Ländern zu koordinieren bzw. zur Abfassung von 72 Artikeln von jeweils ähnlicher Länge (bzw. Knappheit und Kürze), Gestaltung und Lesbarkeit zu veranlassen. Unter diesen 85 Beitragenden ist im übrigen alles versammelt, was in dieser Teildisziplin Rang und Namen hat, mit Ausnahme der leider bereits verstorbenen Soziologin Elfreda A. Chatman, einer der einflussreichsten Theoretikerinnen im Bereich des Informationsverhaltens, deren Andenken das Buch auch gewidmet ist.
Weitere Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.303 (D.E. Agosto): "Due to the brevity of the entries, they serve more as introductions to a wide array of theories than as deep explorations of a select few. The individual entries are not as deep as those in more traditional reference volumes, such as The Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science (Drake, 2003) or The Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) (Cronin, 2005), but the overall coverage is much broader. This volume is probably most useful to doctoral students who are looking for theoretical frameworks for nascent research projects or to more veteran researchers interested in an introductory overview of information behavior research, as those already familiar with this subfield also will probably already be familiar with most of the theories presented here. Since different authors have penned each of the various entries, the writing styles vary somewhat, but on the whole, this is a readable, pithy volume that does an excellent job of encapsulating this important area of information research."

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