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  1. Graphic details : a scientific study of the importance of diagrams to science (2016) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    A PICTURE is said to be worth a thousand words. That metaphor might be expected to pertain a fortiori in the case of scientific papers, where a figure can brilliantly illuminate an idea that might otherwise be baffling. Papers with figures in them should thus be easier to grasp than those without. They should therefore reach larger audiences and, in turn, be more influential simply by virtue of being more widely read. But are they?
    Content
    Bill Howe and his colleagues at the University of Washington, in Seattle, decided to find out. First, they trained a computer algorithm to distinguish between various sorts of figures-which they defined as diagrams, equations, photographs, plots (such as bar charts and scatter graphs) and tables. They exposed their algorithm to between 400 and 600 images of each of these types of figure until it could distinguish them with an accuracy greater than 90%. Then they set it loose on the more-than-650,000 papers (containing more than 10m figures) stored on PubMed Central, an online archive of biomedical-research articles. To measure each paper's influence, they calculated its article-level Eigenfactor score-a modified version of the PageRank algorithm Google uses to provide the most relevant results for internet searches. Eigenfactor scoring gives a better measure than simply noting the number of times a paper is cited elsewhere, because it weights citations by their influence. A citation in a paper that is itself highly cited is worth more than one in a paper that is not.
    As the team describe in a paper posted (http://arxiv.org/abs/1605.04951) on arXiv, they found that figures did indeed matter-but not all in the same way. An average paper in PubMed Central has about one diagram for every three pages and gets 1.67 citations. Papers with more diagrams per page and, to a lesser extent, plots per page tended to be more influential (on average, a paper accrued two more citations for every extra diagram per page, and one more for every extra plot per page). By contrast, including photographs and equations seemed to decrease the chances of a paper being cited by others. That agrees with a study from 2012, whose authors counted (by hand) the number of mathematical expressions in over 600 biology papers and found that each additional equation per page reduced the number of citations a paper received by 22%. This does not mean that researchers should rush to include more diagrams in their next paper. Dr Howe has not shown what is behind the effect, which may merely be one of correlation, rather than causation. It could, for example, be that papers with lots of diagrams tend to be those that illustrate new concepts, and thus start a whole new field of inquiry. Such papers will certainly be cited a lot. On the other hand, the presence of equations really might reduce citations. Biologists (as are most of those who write and read the papers in PubMed Central) are notoriously mathsaverse. If that is the case, looking in a physics archive would probably produce a different result.
    Dr Howe and his colleagues do, however, believe that the study of diagrams can result in new insights. A figure showing new metabolic pathways in a cell, for example, may summarise hundreds of experiments. Since illustrations can convey important scientific concepts in this way, they think that browsing through related figures from different papers may help researchers come up with new theories. As Dr Howe puts it, "the unit of scientific currency is closer to the figure than to the paper." With this thought in mind, the team have created a website (viziometrics.org (http://viziometrics.org/) ) where the millions of images sorted by their program can be searched using key words. Their next plan is to extract the information from particular types of scientific figure, to create comprehensive "super" figures: a giant network of all the known chemical processes in a cell for example, or the best-available tree of life. At just one such superfigure per paper, though, the citation records of articles containing such all-embracing diagrams may very well undermine the correlation that prompted their creation in the first place. Call it the ultimate marriage of chart and science.
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  2. Langford, D.: Evaluating a hypertext document (1993) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Drawing on practical, academic and commercial experience, this paper addresses some of the ways in which a hypertext document may be effectively evaluated
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  3. Mackay, R.: Fachinformationspolitik : Europa (1995) 0.00 
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  4. Brehde, D.: Nachschlag erwünscht : wie ein deutscher Wörterbuchschatz auf die CD-ROM kam (1995) 0.00 
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  5. Kellsey, C.: Cataloging with Bibliofile : alternative to the bibliographic utilities for small college libraries (1998) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Bibliofile is a CD-ROM cataloguing product that provides LC MARC records. Available databases include English only, foreign language materials, audio-visual materials, as well as several that are more specialized. Bibliofile runs on a PC that may be connected to a network. Advantages over an online utility include lower cost, no telecommunication problems, no slow response times, fixed subscription rates with no hourly use charges, easy installation, searching and editing and good phone support. Disadvantages include no member-contributed records and no member holdings to use for interlibrary loan. A library should consider type and level of materials catalogued, existence of an interface with a local OPAC, total cataloguing time used, and other sources for ILL searching when considering bibliofile as a cataloguing alternative
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  6. Benediktsson, D.: Problems of subject access to Icelandic collections throughout OPACs (1990) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Suggest reasons why there is no operational OPAC station yet in Iceland. Obstacles include the lack of compatability among computer systems adopted by the major libraries, the differing classification schemes used by them and the lack of a controlled indexing vocabulary or thesaurus for subject analysis in the Icelandic language. The Rejkjavik Municipal Library and the National Hospital Library, both users of the DOBIS/LIBIS system, will be the first users of a potential network of OPACs.
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  7. Kuhlen, R.: Informationelle Bildung - Informationelle Kompetenz - Informationelle Autonomie (2000) 0.00 
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  8. Yi, K.: Challenges in automated classification using library classification schemes (2006) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    A major library classification scheme has long been standard classification framework for information sources in traditional library environment, and text classification (TC) becomes a popular and attractive tool of organizing digital information. This paper gives an overview of previous projects and studies on TC using major library classification schemes, and summarizes a discussion of TC research challenges.
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  9. Kim, K.-S.; Kim, S.-C.J.; Park, S.-J.; Zhu, X.; Polparsi, J.: Facet analyses of categories used in Web directories : a comparative study (2006) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Faceted classification is believed to be suitable for organizing digital information resources. Based on a faceted classification model suggested for Web resources (Zins, 2002), the current study analyzed popular Web directories from different Asian countries/areas and examined cultural differences reflected in their classification systems. Three popular Web directories from four countries/regions (China, Hong Kong, Korea, and Thailand) were selected and their classifications were analyzed and compared: a local Yahoo and two home-grown Web directories from each country/region. Based on the findings, the study suggests a model that might be more suitable to Asian culture.
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  10. Burkhardt, F.W.: Quo vadis, Informationsgesellschaft? (1995) 0.00 
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  11. Weckend, E.: Anwenders Ideal : Forderungen der entstehenden Information Community (1995) 0.00 
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  12. Koh, G.S.L.: Transferring intended messages of subject headings exemplified in the list of Korean subject headings (2006) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper focuses on meaning as the core concern and challenge of interoperability in a multilingual context. Korean subject headings, presently translated from English, crystallize issues attached to the semantics of translation in at least two languages (Korean, with written Chinese, and English). Presenting a model microcosm, which explains grammatical and semantic characteristics, and allows a search for equivalence of headings that have the closest approximation of semantic ranges, the study concludes the necessary conditions for linking multilingual subject headings and suggests an interoperable model for the transfer of meaning of headings across languages and cultures.
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  13. Shah, L.; Kumar, S.: Uniform form divisions (common isolates) for digital environment : a proposal (2006) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The study has proposed unification of three major schemes DDC, UDC and CC and developed uniform table for Form Divisions (Common Isolates), which can be used by any of the schemes of library classification or by a uniform classification scheme devised for digital environment. Paper suggests new postulation for the arrangement of geographical divisions. The paper also suggests for further research to prepare uniform classification code, which can be applied in digital environment. Concludes that IFLA may undertake a uniform classification code projects and its application in electronic environment.
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  14. Cathro, W.: New frameworks for resource discovery and delivery : the changing role of the catalogue (2006) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    There is currently a lively debate about the role of the library catalogue and its relationship to other resource discovery tools. An example of this debate is the recent publication of a report commissioned by the Library of Congress on "the changing nature of the catalogue" As part of this debate, the role of union catalogues is also being re-examined. Some commentators have suggested that union catalogues, by virtue of their size, can aggregate both supply and demand, thus increasing the chance that a relatively little-used resource will be discovered by somebody for whom it is relevant. During the past year, the National Library of Australia (NLA) has been considering the future of its catalogue and its role in the resource discovery and delivery process. The review was prompted, in part, by the redevelopment of the Australian union catalogue and its exposure on the web as a free public service, badged as Libraries Australia. The NLA examined the enablers and inhibitors to proposition "that it replace its catalogue with Libraries Australia, as the primary database to be searched by users". Flowing from this review, the NLA is aiming to undertake a number of tasks to move in the medium to long term towards a scenario in which it could deprecate its local catalogue. Bezug zum Calhoun-Report
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  15. ElSahn, M.: Multilingual access to moving image collections (2006) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The Association of Moving Image Archivists and the Library of Congress have established MIC; a collaborative website to catalogue the World's movies. The interface to this valuable resource is currently available only in English. This paper describes an IFLA-funded project to help localize MIC, for non-English language users. We are developing a toolkit to show members of other language groups how to research local collections and build non-English versions of the site. We will to test this toolkit by constructing versions of the site in three languages: French, Spanish, and Arabic, and providing MIC with html files ready to install. This paper includes material derived from the MIC website at: http://mic.imtc.gatech.edu/.
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  16. Patton, G.: What's new with FRAR (Functional Requirements for Authority Records)? (2006) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    A draft of Functional Requirements for Authority Records (FRAR) was made available for worldwide review on IFLANET from July through October 2005. The FRANAR Working Group received comments from 12 individuals and 13 institutions (including 6 national libraries and 3 national-level cataloguing committees). The working group expresses its appreciation to all who took the time to prepare comments. The comments received were compiled into a comments log which totaled 145 pages. Seven members of the Working Group met at the Koninklijke Bibliothek, The Hague, Netherlands, on December 9, 2005, to consider these comments and to start revising the draft to reflect decisions made in response to the comments. The group was able to deal with about two-thirds of the comments during the meeting and, since the December meeting has had a series of four conference calls to complete discussions of the remaining comments, with additional calls anticipated before the Seoul meetings.
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  17. Czermak, J.-M.: Fachinformationspolitik : Deutschland (1995) 0.00 
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  18. Baguhn, J.: Volltextretrieval : stürmische Entwicklungen (1995) 0.00 
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  19. D'Harcourt, J.-C.: Integrating documentation into the company information system with SGML (1995) 0.00 
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  20. Molbech, C.: Über Bibliothekswissenschaft oder Einrichtung und Verwaltung öffentlicher Bibliotheken (1833) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Deals with library buildings, systems for arranging books (the impossibility of a strictly encylopedic scheme), library catalogues (recommends alphabetical catalogue), education of librarians, library administration, expansion and access, etc., with appendices on "Schrettinger 's library system," parchment manuscripts in the Royal Library in Copenhagen, and the recent history of this library. An interesting look at early ninteenth-century European library theory and practice (both that advocated by Molbech and that rejected by him).
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