-
Robertson, A.M.; Willett, P.: Applications of n-grams in textual information systems (1998)
0.03
0.030036641 = product of:
0.060073283 = sum of:
0.060073283 = product of:
0.18021984 = sum of:
0.18021984 = weight(_text_:n in 4715) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18021984 = score(doc=4715,freq=12.0), product of:
0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.933501 = fieldWeight in 4715, product of:
3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
12.0 = termFreq=12.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4715)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- Provides an introduction to the use of n-grams in textual information systems, where an n-gram is a string of n, usually adjacent, characters, extracted from a section of continuous text. Applications that can be implemented efficiently and effectively using sets of n-grams include spelling errors detection and correction, query expansion, information retrieval with serial, inverted and signature files, dictionary look up, text compression, and language identification
- Object
- n-grams
-
Li, X.; Cox, A.; Ford, N.; Creaser, C.; Fry, J.; Willett, P.: Knowledge construction by users : a content analysis framework and a knowledge construction process model for virtual product user communities (2017)
0.02
0.023652691 = product of:
0.047305383 = sum of:
0.047305383 = product of:
0.07095807 = sum of:
0.024974043 = weight(_text_:j in 3574) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024974043 = score(doc=3574,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.17553353 = fieldWeight in 3574, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3574)
0.045984026 = weight(_text_:n in 3574) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.045984026 = score(doc=3574,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.23818761 = fieldWeight in 3574, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3574)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Wakeling, S.; Creaser, C.; Pinfield, S.; Fry, J.; Spezi, V.; Willett, P.; Paramita, M.: Motivations, understandings, and experiences of open-access mega-journal authors : results of a large-scale survey (2019)
0.02
0.023652691 = product of:
0.047305383 = sum of:
0.047305383 = product of:
0.07095807 = sum of:
0.024974043 = weight(_text_:j in 5317) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024974043 = score(doc=5317,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.17553353 = fieldWeight in 5317, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5317)
0.045984026 = weight(_text_:n in 5317) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.045984026 = score(doc=5317,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.23818761 = fieldWeight in 5317, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5317)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- Open-access mega-journals (OAMJs) are characterized by their large scale, wide scope, open-access (OA) business model, and "soundness-only" peer review. The last of these controversially discounts the novelty, significance, and relevance of submitted articles and assesses only their "soundness." This article reports the results of an international survey of authors (n = 11,883), comparing the responses of OAMJ authors with those of other OA and subscription journals, and drawing comparisons between different OAMJs. Strikingly, OAMJ authors showed a low understanding of soundness-only peer review: two-thirds believed OAMJs took into account novelty, significance, and relevance, although there were marked geographical variations. Author satisfaction with OAMJs, however, was high, with more than 80% of OAMJ authors saying they would publish again in the same journal, although there were variations by title, and levels were slightly lower than subscription journals (over 90%). Their reasons for choosing to publish in OAMJs included a wide variety of factors, not significantly different from reasons given by authors of other journals, with the most important including the quality of the journal and quality of peer review. About half of OAMJ articles had been submitted elsewhere before submission to the OAMJ with some evidence of a "cascade" of articles between journals from the same publisher.
-
Furner-Hines, J.; Willett, P.: ¬The use of hypertext in libraries in the United Kingdom (1994)
0.01
0.0066597452 = product of:
0.0133194905 = sum of:
0.0133194905 = product of:
0.03995847 = sum of:
0.03995847 = weight(_text_:j in 1792) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03995847 = score(doc=1792,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.28085366 = fieldWeight in 1792, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1792)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Artymiuk, P.J.; Spriggs, R.V.; Willett, P.: Graph theoretic methods for the analysis of structural relationships in biological macromolecules (2005)
0.01
0.0060665067 = product of:
0.012133013 = sum of:
0.012133013 = product of:
0.03639904 = sum of:
0.03639904 = weight(_text_:22 in 5258) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03639904 = score(doc=5258,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15679733 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 5258, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5258)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 22. 7.2006 14:40:10
-
Ellis, D.; Furner-Hines, J.; Willett, P.: Measuring the degree of similarity between objects in text retrieval systems (1993)
0.00
0.0049948087 = product of:
0.009989617 = sum of:
0.009989617 = product of:
0.029968852 = sum of:
0.029968852 = weight(_text_:j in 6716) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029968852 = score(doc=6716,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.21064025 = fieldWeight in 6716, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6716)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Ellis, D.; Furner-Hines, J.; Willett, P.: Measuring the consistency of assignment of hypertext links in full-text documents (1994)
0.00
0.0049948087 = product of:
0.009989617 = sum of:
0.009989617 = product of:
0.029968852 = sum of:
0.029968852 = weight(_text_:j in 1052) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029968852 = score(doc=1052,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.21064025 = fieldWeight in 1052, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1052)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Ellis, D.; Furner-Hines, J.; Willett, P.: ¬The creation of hypertext links in full-text documents (1994)
0.00
0.0049948087 = product of:
0.009989617 = sum of:
0.009989617 = product of:
0.029968852 = sum of:
0.029968852 = weight(_text_:j in 1084) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029968852 = score(doc=1084,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.21064025 = fieldWeight in 1084, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1084)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Furner, J.; Willett, P.: ¬A survey of hypertext-based public-access point-of-information systems in UK libraries (1995)
0.00
0.0049948087 = product of:
0.009989617 = sum of:
0.009989617 = product of:
0.029968852 = sum of:
0.029968852 = weight(_text_:j in 2044) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029968852 = score(doc=2044,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.21064025 = fieldWeight in 2044, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2044)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Furner-Hines, J.; Willett, P.: ¬The use of hypertext in libraries in the United Kingdom (1994)
0.00
0.0049948087 = product of:
0.009989617 = sum of:
0.009989617 = product of:
0.029968852 = sum of:
0.029968852 = weight(_text_:j in 5383) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029968852 = score(doc=5383,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.21064025 = fieldWeight in 5383, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5383)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Ellis, D.; Furner-Hines, J.; Willett, P.: On the creation of hypertext links in full-text documents : measurement of inter-linker consistency (1994)
0.00
0.0041623404 = product of:
0.008324681 = sum of:
0.008324681 = product of:
0.024974043 = sum of:
0.024974043 = weight(_text_:j in 7493) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024974043 = score(doc=7493,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.17553353 = fieldWeight in 7493, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=7493)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Ellis, D.; Furner, J.; Willett, P.: On the creation of hypertext links in full-text documents : measurement of retrieval effectiveness (1996)
0.00
0.0041623404 = product of:
0.008324681 = sum of:
0.008324681 = product of:
0.024974043 = sum of:
0.024974043 = weight(_text_:j in 4214) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024974043 = score(doc=4214,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.17553353 = fieldWeight in 4214, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4214)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Li, J.; Willett, P.: ArticleRank : a PageRank-based alternative to numbers of citations for analysing citation networks (2009)
0.00
0.0041623404 = product of:
0.008324681 = sum of:
0.008324681 = product of:
0.024974043 = sum of:
0.024974043 = weight(_text_:j in 751) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024974043 = score(doc=751,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.17553353 = fieldWeight in 751, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=751)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Spezi, V.; Wakeling, S.; Pinfield, S.; Creaser, C.; Fry, J.; Willett, P.: Open-access mega-journals : the future of scholarly communication or academic dumping ground? a review (2017)
0.00
0.0041623404 = product of:
0.008324681 = sum of:
0.008324681 = product of:
0.024974043 = sum of:
0.024974043 = weight(_text_:j in 3548) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024974043 = score(doc=3548,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.17553353 = fieldWeight in 3548, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3548)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Wakeling, S.; Spezi, V.; Fry, J.; Creaser, C.; Pinfield, S.; Willett, P.: Academic communities : the role of journals and open-access mega-journals in scholarly communication (2019)
0.00
0.0041623404 = product of:
0.008324681 = sum of:
0.008324681 = product of:
0.024974043 = sum of:
0.024974043 = weight(_text_:j in 4627) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024974043 = score(doc=4627,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.044775832 = queryNorm
0.17553353 = fieldWeight in 4627, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4627)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
