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Abstract

Kein anderes Organ ist so komplex wie das Gehirn: Über 100 Milliarden Nervenzellen und über 100 Billionen Synapsen sorgen für die Steuerung unseres Körpers. Hirnforschung versucht die Geheimnisse dieses Superorgans zu ergründen. Dabei will sie nicht nur die Funktionsweise des Organs verstehen, sondern auch die Verknüpfung der Hirntätigkeit mit unserer Wahrnehmung, unseren Gefühlen und Denkprozessen. Der Hirnforschung geht es um die Erklärung des unerklärten Universums in mir selbst , sagt Wolf Singer, Direktor am Max-Planck-Institut für Hirnforschung in Frankfurt am Main. Matthias Eckoldt versammelt in diesem Buch Gespräche mit führenden deutschen Hirnforschern, die auf der gesamten Breite des Wissenschaftsfeldes arbeiten. Dabei zeigt sich der Philosoph und Wissenschaftsjournalist am aktuellen Stand der Neurowissenschaft ebenso interessiert wie an deren Grenzen. Die Gespräche drehen sich um Neuroprothetik, die Wirkweise von Psychopharmaka, Ton- und Sprachverarbeitung im Gehirn, um Strategien und Strukturen des Gedächtnisses, um besondere Eigenschaften neuronaler Netze, konkurrierende Paradigmen und um die Wahrheitsproblematik. Ein philosophisches Lesevergnügen und eine exklusive Einführung in die Hirnforschung aus erster Hand. Gespräche mit: Gerald Hüther, Wolf Singer, Gerhard Roth, Hans J. Markowitsch, Angela D. Friederici, Christoph von der Malsburg, Frank Rösler, Henning Scheich, Randolf Menzel.

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Classification

Med J 191 / Hirnverletzung

SBB

Med J 191 / Hirnverletzung

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Footnote

Rez. in: The New York Review of Books, 10.01.2013 ( J. Searle): "The problem of consciousness remains with us. What exactly is it and why is it still with us? The single most important question is: How exactly do neurobiological processes in the brain cause human and animal consciousness? Related problems are: How exactly is consciousness realized in the brain? That is, where is it and how does it exist in the brain? Also, how does it function causally in our behavior? To answer these questions we have to ask: What is it? Without attempting an elaborate definition, we can say the central feature of consciousness is that for any conscious state there is something that it feels like to be in that state, some qualitative character to the state. For example, the qualitative character of drinking beer is different from that of listening to music or thinking about your income tax. This qualitative character is subjective in that it only exists as experienced by a human or animal subject. It has a subjective or first-person existence (or "ontology"), unlike mountains, molecules, and tectonic plates that have an objective or third-person existence. Furthermore, qualitative subjectivity always comes to us as part of a unified conscious field. At any moment you do not just experience the sound of the music and the taste of the beer, but you have both as part of a single, unified conscious field, a subjective awareness of the total conscious experience. So the feature we are trying to explain is qualitative, unified subjectivity.
Erwiderung von C. Koch u. G. Tononi in: The New York Review of Books, 07.03.2013 [https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2013/03/07/can-photodiode-be-conscious/?pagination=false&printpage=true] mit einer weiteren Erwiderung von J. Searle.