Search (128 results, page 2 of 7)

0.013006247 = product of:
  0.026012493 = sum of:
    0.026012493 = product of:
      0.07803748 = sum of:
        0.07803748 = weight(_text_:n in 2936) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.07803748 = score(doc=2936,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.40421778 = fieldWeight in 2936, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2936)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

Query reformulation is a key user behavior during Web search. Our research goal is to develop predictive models of query reformulation during Web searching. This article reports results from a study in which we automatically classified the query-reformulation patterns for 964,780 Web searching sessions, composed of 1,523,072 queries, to predict the next query reformulation. We employed an n-gram modeling approach to describe the probability of users transitioning from one query-reformulation state to another to predict their next state. We developed first-, second-, third-, and fourth-order models and evaluated each model for accuracy of prediction, coverage of the dataset, and complexity of the possible pattern set. The results show that Reformulation and Assistance account for approximately 45% of all query reformulations; furthermore, the results demonstrate that the first- and second-order models provide the best predictability, between 28 and 40% overall and higher than 70% for some patterns. Implications are that the n-gram approach can be used for improving searching systems and searching assistance.

0.012262408 = product of:
  0.024524815 = sum of:
    0.024524815 = product of:
      0.073574446 = sum of:
        0.073574446 = weight(_text_:n in 4304) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.073574446 = score(doc=4304,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.38110018 = fieldWeight in 4304, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4304)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.012133013 = product of:
  0.024266027 = sum of:
    0.024266027 = product of:
      0.07279808 = sum of:
        0.07279808 = weight(_text_:22 in 2973) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.07279808 = score(doc=2973,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15679733 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 2973, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2973)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

9. 2.2008 17:52:22

0.011772877 = product of:
  0.023545753 = sum of:
    0.023545753 = product of:
      0.070637256 = sum of:
        0.070637256 = weight(_text_:j in 174) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.070637256 = score(doc=174,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.4964838 = fieldWeight in 174, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=174)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Footnote

Mitglieder der Arbeitsgruppe: D. Engl, J. Friedl, J. Labner, M. Sandner, W. Schlacher, A. Schmidt, A. Zartl

0.011654554 = product of:
  0.023309108 = sum of:
    0.023309108 = product of:
      0.06992732 = sum of:
        0.06992732 = weight(_text_:j in 6804) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.06992732 = score(doc=6804,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.4914939 = fieldWeight in 6804, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6804)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.01083854 = product of:
  0.02167708 = sum of:
    0.02167708 = product of:
      0.06503124 = sum of:
        0.06503124 = weight(_text_:n in 3312) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.06503124 = score(doc=3312,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.33684817 = fieldWeight in 3312, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3312)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

Facilitating engaging user experiences is essential in the design of interactive systems. To accomplish this, it is necessary to understand the composition of this construct and how to evaluate it. Building on previous work that posited a theory of engagement and identified a core set of attributes that operationalized this construct, we constructed and evaluated a multidimensional scale to measure user engagement. In this paper we describe the development of the scale, as well as two large-scale studies (N=440 and N=802) that were undertaken to assess its reliability and validity in online shopping environments. In the first we used Reliability Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis to identify six attributes of engagement: Perceived Usability, Aesthetics, Focused Attention, Felt Involvement, Novelty, and Endurability. In the second we tested the validity of and relationships among those attributes using Structural Equation Modeling. The result of this research is a multidimensional scale that may be used to test the engagement of software applications. In addition, findings indicate that attributes of engagement are highly intertwined, a complex interplay of user-system interaction variables. Notably, Perceived Usability played a mediating role in the relationship between Endurability and Novelty, Aesthetics, Felt Involvement, and Focused Attention.

0.010729606 = product of:
  0.021459213 = sum of:
    0.021459213 = product of:
      0.064377636 = sum of:
        0.064377636 = weight(_text_:n in 3899) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.064377636 = score(doc=3899,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.33346266 = fieldWeight in 3899, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3899)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.010729606 = product of:
  0.021459213 = sum of:
    0.021459213 = product of:
      0.064377636 = sum of:
        0.064377636 = weight(_text_:n in 1174) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.064377636 = score(doc=1174,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.33346266 = fieldWeight in 1174, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1174)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.010729606 = product of:
  0.021459213 = sum of:
    0.021459213 = product of:
      0.064377636 = sum of:
        0.064377636 = weight(_text_:n in 4115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.064377636 = score(doc=4115,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.33346266 = fieldWeight in 4115, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4115)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

This representative study of German search engine users (N?=?1,000) focuses on the ability of users to distinguish between organic results and advertisements on Google results pages. We combine questions about Google's business with task-based studies in which users were asked to distinguish between ads and organic results in screenshots of results pages. We find that only a small percentage of users can reliably distinguish between ads and organic results, and that user knowledge of Google's business model is very limited. We conclude that ads are insufficiently labelled as such, and that many users may click on ads assuming that they are selecting organic results.

0.010729606 = product of:
  0.021459213 = sum of:
    0.021459213 = product of:
      0.064377636 = sum of:
        0.064377636 = weight(_text_:n in 1176) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.064377636 = score(doc=1176,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.33346266 = fieldWeight in 1176, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1176)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.009196806 = product of:
  0.018393612 = sum of:
    0.018393612 = product of:
      0.055180833 = sum of:
        0.055180833 = weight(_text_:n in 6890) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.055180833 = score(doc=6890,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.28582513 = fieldWeight in 6890, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6890)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.009196806 = product of:
  0.018393612 = sum of:
    0.018393612 = product of:
      0.055180833 = sum of:
        0.055180833 = weight(_text_:n in 940) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.055180833 = score(doc=940,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.28582513 = fieldWeight in 940, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=940)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.009196806 = product of:
  0.018393612 = sum of:
    0.018393612 = product of:
      0.055180833 = sum of:
        0.055180833 = weight(_text_:n in 4605) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.055180833 = score(doc=4605,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.28582513 = fieldWeight in 4605, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4605)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

This study sought to investigate the effects of cognitive style (field dependent and field independent) and on-line database search experience (novice and experienced) on the WWW search performance of undergraduate college students (n=48). It also attempted to find user factors that could be used to predict search efficiency. search performance, the dependent variable was defined in 2 ways: (1) time required for retrieving a relevant information item, and (2) the number of nodes traversed for retrieving a relevant information item. the search tasks required were carried out on a University Web site, and included a factual task and a topical search task of interest to the participant. Results indicated that while cognitive style (FD/FI) significantly influenced the search performance of novice searchers, the influence was greatly reduced in those searchers who had on-line database search experience. Based on the findings, suggestions for possible changes to the design of the current Web interface and to user training programs are provided

0.009196806 = product of:
  0.018393612 = sum of:
    0.018393612 = product of:
      0.055180833 = sum of:
        0.055180833 = weight(_text_:n in 5232) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.055180833 = score(doc=5232,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.28582513 = fieldWeight in 5232, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5232)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.009196806 = product of:
  0.018393612 = sum of:
    0.018393612 = product of:
      0.055180833 = sum of:
        0.055180833 = weight(_text_:n in 5233) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.055180833 = score(doc=5233,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.28582513 = fieldWeight in 5233, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5233)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.009196806 = product of:
  0.018393612 = sum of:
    0.018393612 = product of:
      0.055180833 = sum of:
        0.055180833 = weight(_text_:n in 5239) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.055180833 = score(doc=5239,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.28582513 = fieldWeight in 5239, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5239)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.009196806 = product of:
  0.018393612 = sum of:
    0.018393612 = product of:
      0.055180833 = sum of:
        0.055180833 = weight(_text_:n in 5240) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.055180833 = score(doc=5240,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.28582513 = fieldWeight in 5240, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5240)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.009196806 = product of:
  0.018393612 = sum of:
    0.018393612 = product of:
      0.055180833 = sum of:
        0.055180833 = weight(_text_:n in 281) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.055180833 = score(doc=281,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.19305801 = queryWeight, product of:
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.28582513 = fieldWeight in 281, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=281)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.008324681 = product of:
  0.016649362 = sum of:
    0.016649362 = product of:
      0.049948085 = sum of:
        0.049948085 = weight(_text_:j in 316) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.049948085 = score(doc=316,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.14227505 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.35106707 = fieldWeight in 316, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=316)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

0.008088676 = product of:
  0.016177353 = sum of:
    0.016177353 = product of:
      0.048532058 = sum of:
        0.048532058 = weight(_text_:22 in 1628) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.048532058 = score(doc=1628,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15679733 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044775832 = queryNorm
            0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 1628, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1628)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

29. 7.1998 10:57:22