-
Zhang, Y.; Jansen, B.J.; Spink, A.: Identification of factors predicting clickthrough in Web searching using neural network analysis (2009)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2009 17:49:11
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.3, S.557-570
-
Wolfram, D.; Spink, A.; Jansen, B.J.; Saracevic, T.: Vox populi : the public searching of the Web (2001)
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- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.12, S.1073-1074
-
Spink, A.; Cole, C.: ¬A multitasking framework for cognitive information retrieval (2005)
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- Abstract
- Information retrieval (IR) research has developed considerably since the 1950's to include consideration of more cognitive, interactive and iterative processes during the interaction between humans and IR or Web systems (Ingwersen, 1992, 1996). Interactive search sessions by humans with IR systems have been depicted as interactive IR models (Saracevic, 1997). Human-IR system interaction is also modeled as taking place within the context of broader human information behavior (HIB) processes (Spink et al., 2002). Research into the human or cognitive (user modeling) aspects of IR is a growing body of research on user interactivity, task performance and measures for observing user interactivity. The task context and situational characteristics of users' searches and evaluation have also been identified as key elements in a user's interaction with an IR system (Cool and Spink, 2002; Vakkari, 2003). Major theorized interactive IR models have been proposed relating to the single search episode, including Ingwersen's (1992,1996) Cognitive Model of IR Interaction, Belkin et al.'s (1995) Episodic Interaction Model, and Saracevic's (1996,1997) Stratified Model of IR Interaction. In this chapter we examine Saracevic's Stratified Model of IR Interaction and extend the model within the framework of cognitive IR (CIR) to depict CIR as a multitasking process. This chapter provides a new direction for CIR research by conceptualizing IR with a multitasking context. The next section of the chapter defines the concept of multitasking in the cognitive sciences and Section 3 discusses the emerging understanding of multitasking information behavior. In Section 4, cognitive IR is depicted within a multitasking framework using Saracevic's (1996, 1997) Stratified Model of IR Interaction. In Section 5, we link information searching and seeking models together, via Saracevic's Stratified Model of IR Interaction, but starting with a unitask model of HIB. We begin to model multitasking in cognitive IR in Section 6. In Sections 7 and 8, we increase the complexity of our developing multitasking model of cognitive IR by adding coordinating mechanisms, including feedback loops. Finally, in Section 9, we conclude the chapter and indicate future directions for further research.
- Date
- 19. 1.2007 12:55:22
- Pages
- S.99-112
-
Kuhlthau, C.; Spink, A.; Cool, C.: Exploration into stages in the retrieval in the information search process in online information retrieval : communication between users and intermediaries (1992)
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- Pages
- S.67-71
- Source
- Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Pittsburgh, 26.-29.10.92. Ed.: D. Shaw
-
Tjondronegoro, D.; Spink, A.; Jansen, B.J.: ¬A study and comparison of multimedia Web searching : 1997-2006 (2009)
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- Abstract
- Searching for multimedia is an important activity for users of Web search engines. Studying user's interactions with Web search engine multimedia buttons, including image, audio, and video, is important for the development of multimedia Web search systems. This article provides results from a Weblog analysis study of multimedia Web searching by Dogpile users in 2006. The study analyzes the (a) duration, size, and structure of Web search queries and sessions; (b) user demographics; (c) most popular multimedia Web searching terms; and (d) use of advanced Web search techniques including Boolean and natural language. The current study findings are compared with results from previous multimedia Web searching studies. The key findings are: (a) Since 1997, image search consistently is the dominant media type searched followed by audio and video; (b) multimedia search duration is still short (>50% of searching episodes are <1 min), using few search terms; (c) many multimedia searches are for information about people, especially in audio search; and (d) multimedia search has begun to shift from entertainment to other categories such as medical, sports, and technology (based on the most repeated terms). Implications for design of Web multimedia search engines are discussed.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.9, S.1756-1768
-
Spink, A.; Saracevic, T.: Sources and use of search terms in online searching (1992)
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- Pages
- S.249-255
- Source
- Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Pittsburgh, 26.-29.10.92. Ed.: D. Shaw
-
Spink, A.; Goodrum, A.; Robins, D.: Search intermediary elicitations during mediated online searching (1995)
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- Pages
- S.97-102
-
Spink, A.; Goodrum, A.; Robins, D.: Elicitation behavior during mediated information retrieval (1998)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 34(1998) nos.2/3, S.257-273
-
Wilson, T.D.; Ford, N.; Ellis, D.; Foster, A.; Spink, A.: Information seeking and mediated searching : Part 2: uncertainty and Its correlates (2002)
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- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 53(2002) no.9, S.704-715
-
Ellis, D.; Wilson, T.D.; Ford, N.; Foster, A.; Lam, H.M.; Burton, R.; Spink, A.: Information seeking and mediated searching : Part 5: user-intermediary interaction (2002)
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- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 53(2002) no.11, S.883-892
-
Ford, N.; Wilson, T.D.; Foster, A.; Ellis, D.; Spink, A.: Information seeking and mediated searching : Part 4: cognitive styles in information seeking (2002)
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- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 53(2002) no.9, S.728-735
-
Spink, A.; Wilson, T.D.; Ford, N.; Foster, A.; Ellis, D.: Information seeking and mediated searching : Part 1: theoretical framework and research design (2002)
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- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 53(2002) no.9, S.695-703
-
Tjondronegoro, D.; Spink, A.: Web search engine multimedia functionality (2008)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.1, S.340-357
-
Spink, A.; Wilson, T.D.; Ford, N.; Foster, A.; Ellis, D.: Information seeking and mediated searching : Part 3: successive searching (2002)
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- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 53(2002) no.9, S.716-727
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Spink, A.; Wilson, T.; Ellis, D.; Ford, N.: Modeling users' successive searches in digital environments : a National Science Foundation/British Library funded study (1998)
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- Abstract
- As digital libraries become a major source of information for many people, we need to know more about how people seek and retrieve information in digital environments. Quite commonly, users with a problem-at-hand and associated question-in-mind repeatedly search a literature for answers, and seek information in stages over extended periods from a variety of digital information resources. The process of repeatedly searching over time in relation to a specific, but possibly an evolving information problem (including changes or shifts in a variety of variables), is called the successive search phenomenon. The study outlined in this paper is currently investigating this new and little explored line of inquiry for information retrieval, Web searching, and digital libraries. The purpose of the research project is to investigate the nature, manifestations, and behavior of successive searching by users in digital environments, and to derive criteria for use in the design of information retrieval interfaces and systems supporting successive searching behavior. This study includes two related projects. The first project is based in the School of Library and Information Sciences at the University of North Texas and is funded by a National Science Foundation POWRE Grant <http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/show?award=9753277>. The second project is based at the Department of Information Studies at the University of Sheffield (UK) and is funded by a grant from the British Library <http://www.shef. ac.uk/~is/research/imrg/uncerty.html> Research and Innovation Center. The broad objectives of each project are to examine the nature and extent of successive search episodes in digital environments by real users over time. The specific aim of the current project is twofold: * To characterize progressive changes and shifts that occur in: user situational context; user information problem; uncertainty reduction; user cognitive styles; cognitive and affective states of the user, and consequently in their queries; and * To characterize related changes over time in the type and use of information resources and search strategies particularly related to given capabilities of IR systems, and IR search engines, and examine changes in users' relevance judgments and criteria, and characterize their differences. The study is an observational, longitudinal data collection in the U.S. and U.K. Three questionnaires are used to collect data: reference, client post search and searcher post search questionnaires. Each successive search episode with a search intermediary for textual materials on the DIALOG Information Service is audiotaped and search transaction logs are recorded. Quantitative analysis includes statistical analysis using Likert scale data from the questionnaires and log-linear analysis of sequential data. Qualitative methods include: content analysis, structuring taxonomies; and diagrams to describe shifts and transitions within and between each search episode. Outcomes of the study are the development of appropriate model(s) for IR interactions in successive search episodes and the derivation of a set of design criteria for interfaces and systems supporting successive searching.
- Source
- D-Lib magazine. 4(1998) no.4, xx S
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Spink, A.: Information behavior : an evolutionary instinct (2010)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: iwp 62(2011) H.1, S.48 (D. Lewandowski): "... Es ist sehr schade, dass die Autorin aus diesem interessanten und für die Zukunft des Fachs sicherlich entscheidenden Thema nicht mehr gemacht hat. Gerade bei einem Thema, das noch nicht intensiv beackert wurde, ist eine ausführliche Darstellung von großer Bedeutung. Auch in Hinblick auf die Unmenge an Literatur, die in diesem Buch zitiert wird, erscheint die Form der Darstellung in keiner Weise angemessen. Ebenso unangemessen wirkt der Preis von 85 Euro für dieses schmale Werk, welches auch gut in der Form von einem oder zwei längeren Aufsätzen hätte veröffentlicht werden können."
- Pages
- XXVIII, 85 S
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Spink, A.; Wolfram, D.; Jansen, B.J.; Saracevic, T.: Searching the Web : the public and their queries (2001)
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- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.3, S.226-234
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Spink, A.; Jansen, B.J.: Web searching : public searching of the Web (2004)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis 56(2004) H.1, S.61-62 (D. Lewandowski): "Die Autoren des vorliegenden Bandes haben sich in den letzten Jahren durch ihre zahlreichen Veröffentlichungen zum Verhalten von Suchmaschinen-Nutzern einen guten Namen gemacht. Das nun erschienene Buch bietet eine Zusammenfassung der verstreut publizierten Aufsätze und stellt deren Ergebnisse in den Kontext eines umfassenderen Forschungsansatzes. Spink und Jansen verwenden zur Analyse des Nutzungsverhaltens query logs von Suchmaschinen. In diesen werden vom Server Informationen protokolliert, die die Anfragen an diesen Server betreffen. Daten, die aus diesen Dateien gewonnen werden können, sind unter anderem die gestellten Suchanfragen, die Adresse des Rechners, von dem aus die Anfrage gestellt wurde, sowie die aus den Trefferlisten ausgewählten Dokumente. Der klare Vorteil der Analyse von Logfiles liegt in der Möglichkeit, große Datenmengen ohne hohen personellen Aufwand erheben zu können. Die Daten einer Vielzahl anonymer Nutzer können analysiert werden; ohne dass dabei die Datenerhebung das Nutzerverhalten beeinflusst. Dies ist bei Suchmaschinen von besonderer Bedeutung, weil sie im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen professionellen Information-Retrieval-Systemen nicht nur im beruflichen Kontext, sondern auch (und vor allem) privat genutzt werden. Das Bild des Nutzungsverhaltens wird in Umfragen und Laboruntersuchungen verfälscht, weil Nutzer ihr Anfrageverhalten falsch einschätzen oder aber die Themen ihrer Anfragen nicht nennen möchten. Hier ist vor allem an Suchanfragen, die auf medizinische oder pornographische Inhalte gerichtet sind, zu denken. Die Analyse von Logfiles ist allerdings auch mit Problemen behaftet: So sind nicht alle gewünschten Daten überhaupt in den Logfiles enthalten (es fehlen alle Informationen über den einzelnen Nutzer), es werden keine qualitativen Informationen wie etwa der Grund einer Suche erfasst und die Logfiles sind aufgrund technischer Gegebenheiten teils unvollständig. Die Autoren schließen aus den genannten Vor- und Nachteilen, dass sich Logfiles gut für die Auswertung des Nutzerverhaltens eignen, bei der Auswertung jedoch die Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen, welche andere Methoden verwenden, berücksichtigt werden sollten.
- Pages
- XIII, 199 S
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Khopkar, Y.; Spink, A.; Giles, C.L.; Shah, P.; Debnath, S.: Search engine personalization : An exploratory study (2003)
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Griesdorf, H.; Spink, A.: Median measure : an approach to IR systems evaluation (2001)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 37(2001) no.6, S.843-857
