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Content

Weitere Ausgaben (lt. Quellennachweis (9) im o.a. Buch): "Human equality and intra- as well as intercultural diversity" in: The monist 78(1995) S.65-79. Kurzfassung in: Information Philosophie 1992, H.2, S.5-15. Daneben noch eine japanische Ausgabe. Von dieser Ausgabe ist dort nicht die Rede.

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Abstract

Menschen sind Wesen, die etwas verstehen (oder mißverstehen) können. Das Buch behandelt die Grundlagen einer allgemeinen Theorie des Verstehens und der Interpretation. Eine Reise durch Formen hermeneutischer Reflexion führt von den Verfahren der Allegorese über die Hermeneutica generalis der Neuzeit bis zur Analytischen Philosophie der Sprache und der Philosophischen Hermeneutik H.-G. Gadamers. Bei allen Diskontinuitäten wird seit dem 17. Jahrhundert ein zusammenhängendes Projekt erkennbar, das die Bezeichnung "allgemeine Hermeneutik" verdient. Die Hermeneutik ist eine Disziplin der theoretischen Philosophie, eng verzahnt mit der Erkenntnistheorie, der Sprach- und Zeichenphilosophie, der Philosophie des Geistes sowie der Methodologie. Der Allgemeinheitscharakter der Hermeneutik hat zwei Aspekte. Sie hat einen weiten Gegenstandsbereich: alle Phänomene, bei denen ein Unterschied zwischen Richtig-und Falschverstehen intersubjektiv etabliert ist. Zudem sind allgemeine Grundsätze der Interpretation in Geltung, unter denen Prinzipien der hermeneutischen Billigkeit oder Nachsicht prominent sind: Wahrheits-, Konsistenz-und Rationalitätsunterstellungen. Im zweiten Teil wird der Status allgemeiner Interpretationsprinzipien geklärt: Sie sind Präsumtionsregeln mit widerleglichen Präsumtionen. Die hermeneutischen Präsumtionen sind konstitutive Bedingungen für die Praxen der Verständigung mit Zeichen und der alltagspsychologischen Erklärung von Handlungen sowie für die Anwendung der dabei zentralen Begriffe ("propositionale Einstellung", "Bedeutung", "Handlung" etc.). Im dritten Teil wird am Beispiel des Sprachverstehens vorgeführt, wie die Untersuchung zentraler Verstehensformen vonstatten gehen kann. Am Leitfaden des Verstehensbegriffs wird eine Neuorientierung der Sprachphilosophie vorgenommen.

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Source

Cataloging and classification quarterly. 22(1996) no.2, S.90-97

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Content

HARMAN, D.: Relevance feedback revisited; AALBERSBERG, I.J.: Incremental relevance feedback; TAGUE-SUTCLIFFE, J.: Measuring the informativeness of a retrieval process; LEWIS, D.D.: An evaluation of phrasal and clustered representations on a text categorization task; BLOSSEVILLE, M.J., G. HÉBRAIL, M.G. MONTEIL u. N. PÉNOT: Automatic document classification: natural language processing, statistical analysis, and expert system techniques used together; MASAND, B., G. LINOFF u. D. WALTZ: Classifying news stories using memory based reasoning; KEEN, E.M.: Term position ranking: some new test results; CROUCH, C.J. u. B. YANG: Experiments in automatic statistical thesaurus construction; GREFENSTETTE, G.: Use of syntactic context to produce term association lists for text retrieval; ANICK, P.G. u. R.A. FLYNN: Versioning of full-text information retrieval system; BURKOWSKI, F.J.: Retrieval activities in a database consisting of heterogeneous collections; DEERWESTER, S.C., K. WACLENA u. M. LaMAR: A textual object management system; NIE, J.-Y.:Towards a probabilistic modal logic for semantic-based information retrieval; WANG, A.W., S.K.M. WONG u. Y.Y. YAO: An analysis of vector space models based on computational geometry; BARTELL, B.T., G.W. COTTRELL u. R.K. BELEW: Latent semantic indexing is an optimal special case of multidimensional scaling; GLAVITSCH, U. u. P. SCHÄUBLE: A system for retrieving speech documents; MARGULIS, E.L.: N-Poisson document modelling; HESS, M.: An incrementally extensible document retrieval system based on linguistics and logical principles; COOPER, W.S., F.C. GEY u. D.P. DABNEY: Probabilistic retrieval based on staged logistic regression; FUHR, N.: Integration of probabilistic fact and text retrieval; CROFT, B., L.A. SMITH u. H. TURTLE: A loosely-coupled integration of a text retrieval system and an object-oriented database system; DUMAIS, S.T. u. J. NIELSEN: Automating the assignement of submitted manuscripts to reviewers; GOST, M.A. u. M. MASOTTI: Design of an OPAC database to permit different subject searching accesses; ROBERTSON, A.M. u. P. WILLETT: Searching for historical word forms in a database of 17th century English text using spelling correction methods; FAX, E.A., Q.F. CHEN u. L.S. HEATH: A faster algorithm for constructing minimal perfect hash functions; MOFFAT, A. u. J. ZOBEL: Parameterised compression for sparse bitmaps; GRANDI, F., P. TIBERIO u. P. Zezula: Frame-sliced patitioned parallel signature files; ALLEN, B.: Cognitive differences in end user searching of a CD-ROM index; SONNENWALD, D.H.: Developing a theory to guide the process of designing information retrieval systems; CUTTING, D.R., J.O. PEDERSEN, D. KARGER, u. J.W. TUKEY: Scatter/ Gather: a cluster-based approach to browsing large document collections; CHALMERS, M. u. P. CHITSON: Bead: Explorations in information visualization; WILLIAMSON, C. u. B. SHNEIDERMAN: The dynamic HomeFinder: evaluating dynamic queries in a real-estate information exploring system

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Enthält die Beiträge: SVENONIUS, E.: The impact of computer technology on knowledge representations; SUKIASYAN, E.: Homo quaerens (the seeking man): on the problem of development of the reader's cognitive capacities in the searching process; SEKHAR, M. u. E.R. EKBOTE: Cognitive skills of conceptualisiation process and types of concepts; FROHMANN, B.: Cognitive paradigms and user needs; PERREAULT, J.M.: Not even the voice of a ghost: epistemology as a bridge from our bibliographical past to a new paradigm; McGARRY, D.: Displays of bibliographic records in call number order: functions of the displays and data elements needed; SRINIVASAN, P.: Knowledge organisation for information retrieval; AMBA, S. u. H. IYER: Contextual information needs: retrieval techniques and the research process; DHARMAPURIKAR, R.G.: Citation analysis: an important tool for knowledge organisation; IIVONEN, M.: Factors affecting the analysis of requests and the formulation of query statements; RAGHAVAN, K.S. u. P. SANKARALINGAM: Multiple subject representations and cognitive searches; HÖLZL, J.: Cognitive modelling of technology information; NOVAK, J.: The use of conceptual models in design and implementation of decision support systems; DUBEY, Y.P.: Modeling and simulation in the development of decision support systems for library resource sharing networks; UPADHYAY, P.: A 'path-model' in social and behavioural research; D'ALOISI, D.: Knowledge representation in human-computer interaction: a terminological representation; WAHLIN, E.: A universal system without ordering codes; UMARANI, A.: Knowledge classification: a permanent structure for dynamic knowledge; RAMADAS, J. u. U. NAIR: The system concept as a tool for knowledge representation: understanding the human body; SIVAREDDY, K. u. R.S.R. VARALAKSHMI: Organisation of knowledge in neurological sciences: a comparative study of secondary sources; PARAMESWARAN, M.: Propaedia of Encyclopaedia Britannica: a conceptual model of knowledge organisation; NEELAMEGHAN, A.: Ranganathan's generalised model of subject structure and modes of formation of subjects; SEETHARAMA, S.: Cognitive approach in information consolidation; NEGRINI, G.: Systematization of science and technology research; GANGEMI, A., GLANTI, M., GALEASSI, E. u. A.R. MORI: A compositional approach to acquire and represent knowledge from medical coding systems; DAHLBERG, I.: The network of knowledge fields: conceptual systematization in action; RAO, S.: Representing knowledge through legal concepts; RAHMSTORF, G.: Conceptual representations based on natural language phrases; KRISHNAMOORTHY, C.S.: Use of paradigms in classification of melodic scales; DAS, M.: Learning teaching cognitive paradigms in knowledge organisation; BUSCH, J.A.: Use of a relational database system to model the variability of historical source information; GOPINATH, M.A.: Creativity and knowledge organisiation: a cognitive interaction; YITZHAKI, M.: The variation in informativity of research papers with time and field; CURRAS, E.: Information science: information as a dialectic interactive system; SHRIVASTAVA, R.K.: Knowledge generating process: a conceptual model in ecosystematic framework; ROMANO, G.: An intelligent documentation system; WEIHS, E.: On the client-server concept of text related data; SATIJA, M.P.: Term-concept relation: a case study of Ranganathan's approach

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JOYCE, T. u. R.M. NEEDHAM: The thesaurus approach to information retrieval; LUHN, H.P.: The automatic derivation of information retrieval encodements from machine-readable texts; DOYLE, L.B.: Indexing and abstracting by association. Part 1; MARON, M.E. u. J.L. KUHNS: On relevance, probabilistic indexing and information retrieval; CLEVERDON, C.W.: The Cranfield test on index language devices; SALTON, G. u. M.E. LESK: Computer evaluation of indexing and text processing; HUTCHINS, W.J.: The concept of 'aboutness' in subject indexing; CLEVERDON, C.W. u. J. MILLS: The testing of index language devices; FOSKETT, D.J.: Thesaurus; DANIELS, P.J. u.a.: Using problem structures for driving human-computer dialogues; SARACEVIC, T.: Relevance: a review of and a framwork for thinking on the notion in information science; SARACEVIC, T. u.a. A study of information seeking and retrieving: I. Background and methodology; COOPER, W.S.: On selecting a measure of retrieval effectiveness, revisited; TAGEU-SUTCLIFFE, J.: The pragmatics of information retrieval experimentation, revisited; KEEN, E.M.: Presenting results of experimental retrieval comparisons; LANCASTER, F.W.: MEDLARS: report on the evaluation of its operating efficiency; HARMAN, D.K.: The TREC conferences; COOPER, W.S.: Getting beyond Boole; RIJSBERGEN, C.J. van: A non-classical logic for information retrieval; SALTON, G. u.a.: A vector space model for automatic indexing; ROBERTSON, S.E.: The probability ranking principle in IR; TURTLE, H. u. W.B. CROFT: Inference networks for document retrieval; BELKIN, N.J. u.a.: Ask for information retrieval: Part 1. Background and theory; PORTER, M.F.: Am algortihm for suffix stripping; SALTON, G. u. C. BUCKLEY: Term-weighting approaches in automatic text retrieval; SPRACK JONES, K.: Search term relevance weighting given little relevance information; CROFT, W.B. u. D.J. HARPER: Using probabilistic models of document retrieval without relevance information; ROBERTSON, S.E. u. S. WALKER: Some simple effective approximations to the 2-poisson model for probabilistic weighted retrieval; SALTON, G. u. C. BUCKLEY: Improving retrieval performance by relevance feedback; GRIFFITHS, A. u.a.: Using interdocument similarity information in document retrieval systems; SALTON, G. u. M.J. McGILL: The SMART and SIRE experimental retrieval systems; FOX, E.A. u. R.K. FRANCE: Architecture of an expert system for composite analysis, representation, and retrieval; HARMAN, D.: User-friendly systems instead of user-friendly front ends; WALKER, S.: The Okapi online catalogue research projects; CALLAN, J. u.a.: TREC and TIPSTER experiments with INQUERY; McCUNE, B. u.a.: RUBRIC: a system for rule-based information retrieval; TENOPIR, C. u. P. CAHN: TARGET and FREESTYLE: DIALOG and Mead join the relevance ranks; AGOSTI, M. u.a.: A hypertext environment for interacting with large databases; HULL, D.A. u. G. GREFENSTETTE: Querying across languages: a dictionary-based approach to multilingual information retrieval; SALTON, G. u.a.: Automatic analysis, theme generation, and summarization of machine-readable texts; SPARCK JONES, K. u.a.: Experiments in spoken document retrieval; ZHANG, H.J. u.a.: Video parsing, retrieval and browsing: an integrated and cantent-based solution; BIEBRICHER, N. u.a.: The automatic indexing system AIR/PHYS: from research to application; STRZALKOWSKI, T.: Robust text processing in automated information retrieval; HAYES, P.J. u.a.: A news story categorization system; RAU, L.F.: Conceptual information extraction and retrieval from natural language input; MARSH, E.: A production rule system for message summarisation; JOHNSON, F.C. u.a.: The application of linguistic processing to automatic abstract generation; SWANSON, D.R.: Historical note: information retrieval and the future of an illusion

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Editor

Czap, H., H.P. Ohly u. S. Pribbenow

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Content

Enthält: Appendix A: Subcommittee on Subject Relationships/Reference Structures - REPORT TO THE ALCTS/CCS SUBJECT ANALYSIS COMMITTEE - July 1996 Appendix B (part 1): Taxonomy of Subject Relationships. Compiled by Dee Michel with the assistance of Pat Kuhr - June 1996 draft (alphabetical display) (Separat in: http://web2.ala.org/ala/alctscontent/CCS/committees/subjectanalysis/subjectrelations/msrscu2.pdf) Appendix B (part 2): Taxonomy of Subject Relationships. Compiled by Dee Michel with the assistance of Pat Kuhr - June 1996 draft (hierarchical display) Appendix C: Checklist of Candidate Subject Relationships for Information Retrieval. Compiled by Dee Michel, Pat Kuhr, and Jane Greenberg; edited by Greg Wool - June 1997 Appendix D: Review of Reference Displays in Selected CD-ROM Abstracts and Indexes by Harriette Hemmasi and Steven Riel Appendix E: Analysis of Relationships in Six LC Subject Authority Records by Harriette Hemmasi and Gary Strawn Appendix F: Report of a Preliminary Survey of Subject Referencing in OPACs by Gregory Wool Appendix G: LC Subject Referencing in OPACs--Why Bother? by Gregory Wool Appendix H: Research Needs on Subject Relationships and Reference Structures in Information Access compiled by Jane Greenberg and Steven Riel with contributions from Dee Michel and others edited by Gregory Wool Appendix I: Bibliography on Subject Relationships compiled mostly by Dee Michel with additional contributions from Jane Greenberg, Steven Riel, and Gregory Wool

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Enthält die Beiträge: SVENONIUS, E.: Classification: prospects, problems, and possibilities; BEALL, J.: Editing the Dewey Decimal Classification online: the evolution of the DDC database; BEGHTOL, C.: Toward a theory of fiction analysis for information storage and retrieval; CRAVEN, T.C.: Concept relation structures and their graphic display; FUGMANN, R.: Illusory goals in information science research; GILCHRIST, A.: UDC: the 1990's and beyond; GREEN, R.: The expression of syntagmatic relationships in indexing: are frame-based index languages the answer?; HUMPHREY, S.M.: Use and management of classification systems for knowledge-based indexing; MIKSA, F.L.: The concept of the universe of knowledge and the purpose of LIS classification; SCOTT, M. u. A.F. FONSECA: Methodology for functional appraisal of records and creation of a functional thesaurus; ALBRECHTSEN, H.: PRESS: a thesaurus-based information system for software reuse; AMAESHI, B.: A preliminary AAT compatible African art thesaurus; CHATTERJEE, A.: Structures of Indian classification systems of the pre-Ranganathan era and their impact on the Colon Classification; COCHRANE, P.A.: Indexing and searching thesauri, the Janus or Proteus of information retrieval; CRAVEN, T.C.: A general versus a special algorithm in the graphic display of thesauri; DAHLBERG, I.: The basis of a new universal classification system seen from a philosophy of science point of view: DRABENSTOTT, K.M., RIESTER, L.C. u. B.A.DEDE: Shelflisting using expert systems; FIDEL, R.: Thesaurus requirements for an intermediary expert system; GREEN, R.: Insights into classification from the cognitive sciences: ramifications for index languages; GROLIER, E. de: Towards a syndetic information retrieval system; GUENTHER, R.: The USMARC format for classification data: development and implementation; HOWARTH, L.C.: Factors influencing policies for the adoption and integration of revisions to classification schedules; HUDON, M.: Term definitions in subject thesauri: the Canadian literacy thesaurus experience; HUSAIN, S.: Notational techniques for the accomodation of subjects in Colon Classification 7th edition: theoretical possibility vis-à-vis practical need; KWASNIK, B.H. u. C. JORGERSEN: The exploration by means of repertory grids of semantic differences among names of official documents; MICCO, M.: Suggestions for automating the Library of Congress Classification schedules; PERREAULT, J.M.: An essay on the prehistory of general categories (II): G.W. Leibniz, Conrad Gesner; REES-POTTER, L.K.: How well do thesauri serve the social sciences?; REVIE, C.W. u. G. SMART: The construction and the use of faceted classification schema in technical domains; ROCKMORE, M.: Structuring a flexible faceted thsaurus record for corporate information retrieval; ROULIN, C.: Sub-thesauri as part of a metathesaurus; SMITH, L.C.: UNISIST revisited: compatibility in the context of collaboratories; STILES, W.G.: Notes concerning the use chain indexing as a possible means of simulating the inductive leap within artificial intelligence; SVENONIUS, E., LIU, S. u. B. SUBRAHMANYAM: Automation in chain indexing; TURNER, J.: Structure in data in the Stockshot database at the National Film Board of Canada; VIZINE-GOETZ, D.: The Dewey Decimal Classification as an online classification tool; WILLIAMSON, N.J.: Restructuring UDC: problems and possibilies; WILSON, A.: The hierarchy of belief: ideological tendentiousness in universal classification; WILSON, B.F.: An evaluation of the systematic botany schedule of the Universal Decimal Classification (English full edition, 1979); ZENG, L.: Research and development of classification and thesauri in China; CONFERENCE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

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Footnote

3. Aufl. 1995. - Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 1995, H.11, S.122-123 (E. Florey).

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Wir haben NEISSERs Werk ein philosophisches genannt. Das wird im Schlußkapitel des Buches besonders deutlich. Hier stellt NEISSER vor allem die Frage von Determinismus und Freiheit im menschlichen Verhalten. Konkret geht es uni die Frage der Manipulierbarkeit des Menschen. NEISSER ist hier optimistisch. Wenn der Mensch nicht der formbare Lehmklumpen ist, mit dem ihn der Empirismus immer wieder, bewußt oder unbewußt, verglichen hat, wenn Wahrnehmung nicht ein Prozeß der Abbildung der Erfahrung in einen passiven menschlichen Geist ist. so wird es nicht so leicht sein, den Menschen zu beeinflussen und zu manipulieren. Er wird ansehen, was ihm gefüllt und was ihm sinnvoll erscheint. Wer ihn beeindrucken will, muß mindestens soviel von der Sache verstehen wie er. Noch einmal: Einen Schachmeister beeindruckt man nicht mit psychologischen Techniken, sondern mit gutem Schachspiel. Wahrnehmung und Denken wirken über die Inhalte, SELZ hatte gesagt: Über die Sachverhältnisse, die in ihnen auftreten. Unser Repertoire an Schemata des Sehens und Handelns macht uns frei und autonom. Mit ihrer Hilfe meistern wir auch die Probleme, die uns die Umwelt aufgibt. Man erkennt die Botschaft KANTS und diejenige einer tief verstandenen Aufklärung, die den Menschen nicht durch Kunstgriffe, sondern durch den Aufbau eines Repertoires an Mitteln der Erkenntnis und des Handelns autonom zu machen sucht. NEISSER ist mit seiner Botschaft in den USA zum Teil schlecht verstanden worden, was eigentlich erstaunlich ist, wenn man an die Macht der aufklärerischen Tradition in diesem Lande denkt. Wir mochten hoffen, daß das alte Europa, das die Chance hat, das Schauspiel der Psychologie auf einem historischen und geistesgeschichtlichen Hintergrund zu sehen, NEISSER besser versteht und seine Botschaft so aufnimmt, wie es ihre Tiefe und ihr begründeter Optimismus verdient." (H. Aebli)