-
Kaiser, J.O.: Systematic indexing (1985)
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- Abstract
- A native of Germany and a former teacher of languages and music, Julius Otto Kaiser (1868-1927) came to the Philadelphia Commercial Museum to be its librarian in 1896. Faced with the problem of making "information" accessible, he developed a method of indexing he called systematic indexing. The first draft of his scheme, published in 1896-97, was an important landmark in the history of subject analysis. R. K. Olding credits Kaiser with making the greatest single advance in indexing theory since Charles A. Cutter and John Metcalfe eulogizes him by observing that "in sheer capacity for really scientific and logical thinking, Kaiser's was probably the best mind that has ever applied itself to subject indexing." Kaiser was an admirer of "system." By systematic indexing he meant indicating information not with natural language expressions as, for instance, Cutter had advocated, but with artificial expressions constructed according to formulas. Kaiser grudged natural language its approximateness, its vagaries, and its ambiguities. The formulas he introduced were to provide a "machinery for regularising or standardising language" (paragraph 67). Kaiser recognized three categories or "facets" of index terms: (1) terms of concretes, representing things, real or imaginary (e.g., money, machines); (2) terms of processes, representing either conditions attaching to things or their actions (e.g., trade, manufacture); and (3) terms of localities, representing, for the most part, countries (e.g., France, South Africa). Expressions in Kaiser's index language were called statements. Statements consisted of sequences of terms, the syntax of which was prescribed by formula. These formulas specified sequences of terms by reference to category types. Only three citation orders were permitted: a term in the concrete category followed by one in the process category (e.g., Wool-Scouring); (2) a country term followed by a process term (e.g., Brazil - Education); and (3) a concrete term followed by a country term, followed by a process term (e.g., Nitrate-Chile-Trade). Kaiser's system was a precursor of two of the most significant developments in twentieth-century approaches to subject access-the special purpose use of language for indexing, thus the concept of index language, which was to emerge as a generative idea at the time of the second Cranfield experiment (1966) and the use of facets to categorize subject indicators, which was to become the characterizing feature of analytico-synthetic indexing methods such as the Colon classification. In addition to its visionary quality, Kaiser's work is notable for its meticulousness and honesty, as can be seen, for instance, in his observations about the difficulties in facet definition.
- Pages
- S.52-70
-
Hulme, E.W.: Principles of book classification (1950)
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- Footnote
- Original in: Library Association Record 13(1911) Oct.14, S.354-358; Nov.15, S.389-394; Dec.15, S.444-449 und 14(1912) Jan.15, S.39-46; Mar.15, S.174-181
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Runge, S.: Beiträge zur Sachkatalogisierung (1937)
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- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: RUNGE, S.: Wege und Möglichkeiten gemeinschaftlicher Sachkatalogisierung; FRAUENDORFER, S. von: Wo liegen die Grenzen für die Aufstellung und Verwendung bibliographischer Einheitssysteme?; RUNGE, S.: Die Deweysche Dezimalklassifikation [DDC] im Vergleich zur Brüsseler Dezimalklassifikation [UDC]; KLEMM, F.: Die Cuttersche Expansive Classification; MOGK, H.: Das System der Kongreßbibliothek in Washington [LCC]; FAASS, B.: Die neuen Fachkataloge des sächsischen Landesbibliothek; NISSEN, C.: Der Mainzer Sachkatalog in Theorie und Praxis; SCHMITZ, W.: Der Katalog "Technik" der Preußischen Staatsbibliothek; RUNGE, S.: Die Bezeichnung im systematischen Katalog
- Pages
- 124 S
- Type
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Ansteinsson, J.: Dilemmas of classification (1934)
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- Source
- Library quarterly. (1934), S.136-147
-
Fuchs, W.: Zur Theorie und Praxis des Realkatalogs : Untersuchungen über wissenschaftliche Bibliotheksordnung. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Theorie des Sach- und Fachbibliographie. Bd.1-2. Ergbd.: Optimale Klassifikation und Notation. Grundgedanken und geschichtliche Materialien (1941-58)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: ZfB 61(1947) S.252-261 (J. Vorstius); ZfBB 6(1959) S.253-256 (D. Rasmussen); ZfB 60(1943) S.88-90 (G. Leyh)
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Samurin, E.I.: Geschichte der bibliothekarisch-bibliographischen Klassifikation (1977)
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- Pages
- XVI,405 S.(Bd.1);XVI,781 S.(Bd.2)
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Davies, R.: Classification and ratiocination : a perennial quest (1986)
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- Pages
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Schwartz, J.: ¬A new classification and notation (1882)
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- Source
- Library journal. 7(1882), S.148-166
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Vickery, B.C.: ¬The significance of John Wilkins in the history of bibliographical classification (1953)
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- Source
- Libri. 2(1953), S.326-343
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Rayward, W.B.: ¬The UDC and FID: a historical perspective (1967)
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Langfeldt, J.: Zum Problem und zur Geschichte der Systematik : T.1-2. (1957)
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Pflug, G.: Classification in the libraries of the German Federal Republic (1982)
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Stevenson, G.: ¬The historical context: traditional classification since 1950 (1974)
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Coates, E.J.: Classification in information retrieval : the twenty years following Dorking (1978)
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Dahlberg, I.: Major developments in classification (1977)
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- Advances in librarianship. 7(1977), S.41-103
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Sweeney, R.: ¬The development of the Dewey Decimal Classification (1983)
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Lorphèvre, G.: ¬Die Entwicklung der Dezimalklassifikation in Europa (1967)
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Lehnus, D.J.: Book numbers : history, principles and applications (1980)
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Comaroni, J.P.: ¬The eighteen editions of the Dewey Decimal Classification (1976)
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Whitrow, M.: ¬An eighteenth-century faceted classification scheme (1983)
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