Search (266 results, page 14 of 14)

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Footnote

Original in: Pettee, J.: The history and theory of the alphabetical subject approach to books. New York: Wilson 1946. S.22-25.

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Abstract

Seitdem C. P. Snow - Physiker und Romancier zugleich - 1959 zum ersten Mal von den »zwei Kulturen« sprach, ist dieses Wort zu einem festen Begriff geworden. Die »zwei Kulturen« - das sind die zwei Welten der Geisteswissenschaft und Literatur einerseits, der Naturwissenschaft und Technik andererseits, zwischen denen sich eine Kluft gegenseitigen Nichtverstehens aufgetan hat. Ignoranz und Spezialisierung auf beiden Seiten haben zuweilen sogar eine gewisse Feindseligkeit entstehen lassen. Mit Recht hält Snow diese Situation für ein wichtiges Problem des Westens, für politisch gefährlich, und zwar schon aus dem Grunde, weil die Geisteswissenschaftler und Politiker nicht mehr wissen, ob Ratschläge der Naturwissenschaftler richtig oder falsch sind. Die These von den zwei Kulturen fand ein weltweites Echo und entfachte eine Diskussion, in der das Problem, das Snow als sein eigenes Problem empfunden hat, sich immer mehr auf das Verhältnis der Literatur zur »naturwissenschaftlichen Revolution« zuspitzte. Obwohl nämlich Snow beiden Kulturen ihre Einseitigkeit vorwirft, macht er letztlich doch die literarische Intelligenz, die er fortschrittsfeindlich und im eigentlichen Sinn antiintellektuell nennt, für die Isolierung verantwortlich. Dieser Band enthält den vollständigen Text der berühmten Vorlesung Snows und seinen >Nachtrag< von 1963, in dem er sich mit der Kritik auseinandersetzt, außerdem zwölf Beiträge zur Diskussion aus dem angloamerikanischen und deutschen Bereich, die das Problem von den verschiedensten Seiten aus angehen sowie ein aktuelles Vorwort des Herausgebers.

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Abstract

Brian C. Vickery, Director and Professor, School of Library, Archive and Information Studies, University College, London, is a prolific writer on classification and information retrieval. This paper was one of the earliest to present initial efforts by the Classification Research Group (q.v.). In it he clearly outlined the need for classification in subject indexing, which, at the time he wrote, was not a commonplace understanding. In fact, some indexing systems were made in the first place specifically to avoid general classification systems which were out of date in all fast-moving disciplines, especially in the "hard" sciences. Vickery picked up Julia Pettee's work (q.v.) an the concealed classification in subject headings (1947) and added to it, mainly adopting concepts from the work of S. R. Ranganathan (q.v.). He had already published a paper an notation in classification, pointing out connections between notation, words, and the concepts which they represent. He was especially concerned about the structure of notational symbols as such symbols represented relationships among subjects. Vickery also emphasized that index terms cover all aspects of a subject so that, in addition to having a basis in classification, the ideal index system should also have standardized nomenclature, as weIl as show evidence of a systematic classing of elementary terms. The necessary linkage between system and terms should be one of a number of methods, notably:

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Abstract

Some of the advantages of the classed catalog were then reintroduced into the alphabetical subject catalog through see also references and, to some extent, by the use of inverted headings. Although never officially acknowledged, Cutter's principles provided the philosophical underpinnings for the Library of Congress and the Sears subject headings systems. His principles of common usage, specific entry, uniform heading, and syndetic structure have been reflected in the Library of Congress Subject Headings practice and reiterated by David Judson Haykin (q.v.) in his exposition of the Library of Congress system. Cutter's definition of "specific entry" has been frequently quoted as the basis of the alphabetical subject catalog. Because Cutter's Rules are no longer in print, the following excerpt contains all the rules an subject entry from the fourth edition of Rules for a Dictionary Catalog. These rules, first published over a hundred years ago, do not address all the problems encountered in subject analysis in modern times. Nonetheless, many of his ideas are still valid and manifested in subject cataloging practice in American libraries today. Moreover, as A. C. Foskett comments, "his Rules can still be read with profit (and, more unusual in such works, pleasure) today."

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Content

Eine exzellente (und durch die Herausgeber kommentierte) Zusammenstellung und Wiedergabe folgender Originalbeiträge: CUTTER, C.A.: Subjects; DEWEY, M.: Decimal classification and relativ index: introduction; HOPWOOD, H.V.: Dewey expanded; HULME, E.W.: Principles of book classification; KAISER, J.O.: Systematic indexing; MARTEL, C.: Classification: a brief conspectus of present day library practice; BLISS, H.E.: A bibliographic classification: principles and definitions; RANGANATHAN, S.R.: Facet analysis: fundamental categories; PETTEE, J.: The subject approach to books and the development of the dictionary catalog; PETTEE, J.: Fundamental principles of the dictionary catalog; PETTEE, J.: Public libraries and libraries as purveyors of information; HAYKIN, D.J.: Subject headings: fundamental concepts; TAUBE, M.: Functional approach to bibliographic organization: a critique and a proposal; VICKERY, B.C.: Systematic subject indexing; FEIBLEMAN, J.K.: Theory of integrative levels; GARFIELD, E.: Citation indexes for science; CRG: The need for a faceted classification as the basis of all methods of information retrieval; LUHN, H.P.: Keyword-in-context index for technical literature; COATES, E.J.: Significance and term relationship in compound headings; FARRADANE, J.E.L.: Fundamental fallacies and new needs in classification; FOSKETT, D.J.: Classification and integrative levels; CLEVERDON, C.W. u. J. MILLS: The testing of index language devices; MOOERS, C.N.: The indexing language of an information retrieval system; NEEDHAM, R.M. u. K. SPARCK JONES: Keywords and clumps; ROLLING, L.: The role of graphic display of concept relationships in indexing and retrieval vocabularies; BORKO, H.: Research in computer based classification systems; WILSON, P.: Subjects and the sense of position; LANCASTER, F.W.: Evaluating the performance of a large computerized information system; SALTON, G.: Automatic processing of foreign language documents; FAIRTHORNE, R.A.: Temporal structure in bibliographic classification; AUSTIN, D. u. J.A. DIGGER: PRECIS: The Preserved Context Index System; FUGMANN, R.: The complementarity of natural and indexing languages