-
Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004)
0.07
0.07227165 = sum of:
0.053885084 = product of:
0.21554033 = sum of:
0.21554033 = weight(_text_:3a in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.21554033 = score(doc=562,freq=2.0), product of:
0.38351142 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
0.018386567 = product of:
0.036773134 = sum of:
0.036773134 = weight(_text_:22 in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.036773134 = score(doc=562,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15840882 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
- Date
- 8. 1.2013 10:22:32
-
Gonzalo, J.; Verdejo, F.; Peters, C.; Calzolari, N.: Applying EuroWordNet to cross-language text retrieval (1998)
0.03
0.032519635 = product of:
0.06503927 = sum of:
0.06503927 = product of:
0.13007854 = sum of:
0.13007854 = weight(_text_:n in 6445) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.13007854 = score(doc=6445,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19504215 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.6669253 = fieldWeight in 6445, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6445)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Ahmed, F.; Nürnberger, A.: Evaluation of n-gram conflation approaches for Arabic text retrieval (2009)
0.03
0.031164052 = product of:
0.062328104 = sum of:
0.062328104 = product of:
0.12465621 = sum of:
0.12465621 = weight(_text_:n in 2941) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.12465621 = score(doc=2941,freq=10.0), product of:
0.19504215 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.63912445 = fieldWeight in 2941, product of:
3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
10.0 = termFreq=10.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2941)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- In this paper we present a language-independent approach for conflation that does not depend on predefined rules or prior knowledge of the target language. The proposed unsupervised method is based on an enhancement of the pure n-gram model that can group related words based on various string-similarity measures, while restricting the search to specific locations of the target word by taking into account the order of n-grams. We show that the method is effective to achieve high score similarities for all word-form variations and reduces the ambiguity, i.e., obtains a higher precision and recall, compared to pure n-gram-based approaches for English, Portuguese, and Arabic. The proposed method is especially suited for conflation approaches in Arabic, since Arabic is a highly inflectional language. Therefore, we present in addition an adaptive user interface for Arabic text retrieval called araSearch. araSearch serves as a metasearch interface to existing search engines. The system is able to extend a query using the proposed conflation approach such that additional results for relevant subwords can be found automatically.
- Object
- n-grams
-
Vichot, F.; Wolinksi, F.; Tomeh, J.; Guennou, S.; Dillet, B.; Aydjian, S.: High precision hypertext navigation based on NLP automation extractions (1997)
0.03
0.027873974 = product of:
0.05574795 = sum of:
0.05574795 = product of:
0.1114959 = sum of:
0.1114959 = weight(_text_:n in 733) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.1114959 = score(doc=733,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19504215 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.57165027 = fieldWeight in 733, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=733)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Hypertext - Information Retrieval - Multimedia '97: Theorien, Modelle und Implementierungen integrierter elektronischer Informationssysteme. Proceedings HIM '97. Hrsg.: N. Fuhr u.a
-
Alonge, A.; Calzolari, N.; Vossen, P.; Bloksma, L.; Castellon, I.; Marti, M.A.; Peters, W.: ¬The linguistic design of the EuroWordNet database (1998)
0.03
0.027873974 = product of:
0.05574795 = sum of:
0.05574795 = product of:
0.1114959 = sum of:
0.1114959 = weight(_text_:n in 6440) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.1114959 = score(doc=6440,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19504215 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.57165027 = fieldWeight in 6440, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6440)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Figuerola, C.G.; Gomez, R.; Lopez de San Roman, E.: Stemming and n-grams in Spanish : an evaluation of their impact in information retrieval (2000)
0.03
0.027873974 = product of:
0.05574795 = sum of:
0.05574795 = product of:
0.1114959 = sum of:
0.1114959 = weight(_text_:n in 6501) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.1114959 = score(doc=6501,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19504215 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.57165027 = fieldWeight in 6501, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6501)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Noever, D.; Ciolino, M.: ¬The Turing deception (2022)
0.03
0.026942542 = product of:
0.053885084 = sum of:
0.053885084 = product of:
0.21554033 = sum of:
0.21554033 = weight(_text_:3a in 862) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.21554033 = score(doc=862,freq=2.0), product of:
0.38351142 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 862, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=862)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2212.06721&usg=AOvVaw3i_9pZm9y_dQWoHi6uv0EN
-
Gencosman, B.C.; Ozmutlu, H.C.; Ozmutlu, S.: Character n-gram application for automatic new topic identification (2014)
0.03
0.025970044 = product of:
0.051940087 = sum of:
0.051940087 = product of:
0.103880174 = sum of:
0.103880174 = weight(_text_:n in 2688) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.103880174 = score(doc=2688,freq=10.0), product of:
0.19504215 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.53260374 = fieldWeight in 2688, product of:
3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
10.0 = termFreq=10.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2688)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- The widespread availability of the Internet and the variety of Internet-based applications have resulted in a significant increase in the amount of web pages. Determining the behaviors of search engine users has become a critical step in enhancing search engine performance. Search engine user behaviors can be determined by content-based or content-ignorant algorithms. Although many content-ignorant studies have been performed to automatically identify new topics, previous results have demonstrated that spelling errors can cause significant errors in topic shift estimates. In this study, we focused on minimizing the number of wrong estimates that were based on spelling errors. We developed a new hybrid algorithm combining character n-gram and neural network methodologies, and compared the experimental results with results from previous studies. For the FAST and Excite datasets, the proposed algorithm improved topic shift estimates by 6.987% and 2.639%, respectively. Moreover, we analyzed the performance of the character n-gram method in different aspects including the comparison with Levenshtein edit-distance method. The experimental results demonstrated that the character n-gram method outperformed to the Levensthein edit distance method in terms of topic identification.
- Object
- n-grams
-
Warner, A.J.: Natural language processing (1987)
0.02
0.024515422 = product of:
0.049030844 = sum of:
0.049030844 = product of:
0.09806169 = sum of:
0.09806169 = weight(_text_:22 in 337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09806169 = score(doc=337,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15840882 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 337, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=337)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.79-108
-
Chen, L.; Fang, H.: ¬An automatic method for ex-tracting innovative ideas based on the Scopus® database (2019)
0.02
0.023228312 = product of:
0.046456624 = sum of:
0.046456624 = product of:
0.09291325 = sum of:
0.09291325 = weight(_text_:n in 5310) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09291325 = score(doc=5310,freq=8.0), product of:
0.19504215 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.47637522 = fieldWeight in 5310, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5310)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- The novelty of knowledge claims in a research paper can be considered an evaluation criterion for papers to supplement citations. To provide a foundation for research evaluation from the perspective of innovativeness, we propose an automatic approach for extracting innovative ideas from the abstracts of technology and engineering papers. The approach extracts N-grams as candidates based on part-of-speech tagging and determines whether they are novel by checking the Scopus® database to determine whether they had ever been presented previously. Moreover, we discussed the distributions of innovative ideas in different abstract structures. To improve the performance by excluding noisy N-grams, a list of stopwords and a list of research description characteristics were developed. We selected abstracts of articles published from 2011 to 2017 with the topic of semantic analysis as the experimental texts. Excluding noisy N-grams, considering the distribution of innovative ideas in abstracts, and suitably combining N-grams can effectively improve the performance of automatic innovative idea extraction. Unlike co-word and co-citation analysis, innovative-idea extraction aims to identify the differences in a paper from all previously published papers.
-
Rorvig, M.; Smith, M.M.; Uemura, A.: ¬The N-gram hypothesis applied to matched sets of visualized Japanese-English technical documents (1999)
0.02
0.022994855 = product of:
0.04598971 = sum of:
0.04598971 = product of:
0.09197942 = sum of:
0.09197942 = weight(_text_:n in 6675) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09197942 = score(doc=6675,freq=4.0), product of:
0.19504215 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.47158742 = fieldWeight in 6675, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6675)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- Shape Recovery Analysis (SHERA), a new visual analytical technique, is applied to the N-Gram hypothesis on matched Japanese-English technical documents supplied by the National Center for Science Information Systems (NACSIS) in Japan. The results of the SHERA study reveal compaction in the translation of Japanese subject terms to English subject terms. Surprisingly, the bigram approach to the Japanese data yields a remarkable similarity to the matching visualized English texts
-
McMahon, J.G.; Smith, F.J.: Improved statistical language model performance with automatic generated word hierarchies (1996)
0.02
0.021450995 = product of:
0.04290199 = sum of:
0.04290199 = product of:
0.08580398 = sum of:
0.08580398 = weight(_text_:22 in 3164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08580398 = score(doc=3164,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15840882 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 3164, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3164)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Computational linguistics. 22(1996) no.2, S.217-248
-
Ruge, G.: ¬A spreading activation network for automatic generation of thesaurus relationships (1991)
0.02
0.021450995 = product of:
0.04290199 = sum of:
0.04290199 = product of:
0.08580398 = sum of:
0.08580398 = weight(_text_:22 in 4506) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08580398 = score(doc=4506,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15840882 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 4506, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4506)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 8.10.2000 11:52:22
-
Somers, H.: Example-based machine translation : Review article (1999)
0.02
0.021450995 = product of:
0.04290199 = sum of:
0.04290199 = product of:
0.08580398 = sum of:
0.08580398 = weight(_text_:22 in 6672) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08580398 = score(doc=6672,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15840882 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 6672, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6672)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 31. 7.1996 9:22:19
-
Baayen, R.H.; Lieber, H.: Word frequency distributions and lexical semantics (1997)
0.02
0.021450995 = product of:
0.04290199 = sum of:
0.04290199 = product of:
0.08580398 = sum of:
0.08580398 = weight(_text_:22 in 3117) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08580398 = score(doc=3117,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15840882 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 3117, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3117)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 28. 2.1999 10:48:22
-
¬Der Student aus dem Computer (2023)
0.02
0.021450995 = product of:
0.04290199 = sum of:
0.04290199 = product of:
0.08580398 = sum of:
0.08580398 = weight(_text_:22 in 1079) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08580398 = score(doc=1079,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15840882 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 1079, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1079)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 27. 1.2023 16:22:55
-
Bellaachia, A.; Amor-Tijani, G.: Proper nouns in English-Arabic cross language information retrieval (2008)
0.02
0.020116309 = product of:
0.040232617 = sum of:
0.040232617 = product of:
0.080465235 = sum of:
0.080465235 = weight(_text_:n in 2372) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.080465235 = score(doc=2372,freq=6.0), product of:
0.19504215 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.41255307 = fieldWeight in 2372, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2372)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- Out of vocabulary words, mostly proper nouns and technical terms, are one main source of performance degradation in Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) systems. Those are words not found in the dictionary. Bilingual dictionaries in general do not cover most proper nouns, which are usually primary keys in the query. As they are spelling variants of each other in most languages, using an approximate string matching technique against the target database index is the common approach taken to find the target language correspondents of the original query key. N-gram technique proved to be the most effective among other string matching techniques. The issue arises when the languages dealt with have different alphabets. Transliteration is then applied based on phonetic similarities between the languages involved. In this study, both transliteration and the n-gram technique are combined to generate possible transliterations in an English-Arabic CLIR system. We refer to this technique as Transliteration N-Gram (TNG). We further enhance TNG by applying Part Of Speech disambiguation on the set of transliterations so that words with a similar spelling, but a different meaning, are excluded. Experimental results show that TNG gives promising results, and enhanced TNG further improves performance.
-
Pepper, S.; Arnaud, P.J.L.: Absolutely PHAB : toward a general model of associative relations (2020)
0.02
0.020116309 = product of:
0.040232617 = sum of:
0.040232617 = product of:
0.080465235 = sum of:
0.080465235 = weight(_text_:n in 103) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.080465235 = score(doc=103,freq=6.0), product of:
0.19504215 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.41255307 = fieldWeight in 103, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=103)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- There have been many attempts at classifying the semantic modification relations (R) of N + N compounds but this work has not led to the acceptance of a definitive scheme, so that devising a reusable classification is a worthwhile aim. The scope of this undertaking is extended to other binominal lexemes, i.e. units that contain two thing-morphemes without explicitly stating R, like prepositional units, N + relational adjective units, etc. The 25-relation taxonomy of Bourque (2014) was tested against over 15,000 binominal lexemes from 106 languages and extended to a 29-relation scheme ("Bourque2") through the introduction of two new reversible relations. Bourque2 is then mapped onto Hatcher's (1960) four-relation scheme (extended by the addition of a fifth relation, similarity , as "Hatcher2"). This results in a two-tier system usable at different degrees of granularities. On account of its semantic proximity to compounding, metonymy is then taken into account, following Janda's (2011) suggestion that it plays a role in word formation; Peirsman and Geeraerts' (2006) inventory of 23 metonymic patterns is mapped onto Bourque2, confirming the identity of metonymic and binominal modification relations. Finally, Blank's (2003) and Koch's (2001) work on lexical semantics justifies the addition to the scheme of a third, superordinate level which comprises the three Aristotelean principles of similarity, contiguity and contrast.
-
Vaswani, A.; Shazeer, N.; Parmar, N.; Uszkoreit, J.; Jones, L.; Gomez, A.N.; Kaiser, L.; Polosukhin, I.: Attention Is all you need (2017)
0.02
0.019709876 = product of:
0.03941975 = sum of:
0.03941975 = product of:
0.0788395 = sum of:
0.0788395 = weight(_text_:n in 970) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0788395 = score(doc=970,freq=4.0), product of:
0.19504215 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.40421778 = fieldWeight in 970, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=970)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
-
Frakes, W.B.: Stemming algorithms (1992)
0.02
0.01858265 = product of:
0.0371653 = sum of:
0.0371653 = product of:
0.0743306 = sum of:
0.0743306 = weight(_text_:n in 3503) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0743306 = score(doc=3503,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19504215 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.045236014 = queryNorm
0.38110018 = fieldWeight in 3503, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.3116565 = idf(docFreq=1611, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3503)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- Desribes stemming algorithms - programs that relate morphologically similar indexing and search terms. Stemming is used to improve retrieval effectiveness and to reduce the size of indexing files. Several approaches to stemming are describes - table lookup, affix removal, successor variety, and n-gram. empirical studies of stemming are summarized. The Porter stemmer is described in detail, and a full implementation in C is presented
