Search (8 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

This paper presents the final phase of a research project that aims to develop a bilingual taxonomy (English and French) for the indexing of ordinary digital images. The objective of this last stage was to ask a representative sample of image searchers to complete retrieval tasks of images indexed using the new taxonomy TIIARA to measure its degree of effectiveness and efficiency. During this experiment, a sample of 60 participants were asked to indicate where in the taxonomic structure they thought they would find each one of the 30 images shown. Respondents also completed a questionnaire intended to obtain their general opinion on TIIARA and to report any difficulties encountered during the retrieval process. The quantitative data was analyzed according to statistical methods, while the content of the open-ended questions was analyzed and coded to identify emergent themes. The findings of this ultimate phase of the research project indicated that, despite the fact that some categories still need further refining, TIIARA already constitutes a successful tool that provides access to ordinary images. Furthermore, the bilingual taxonomy constitutes a definite benefit for image searchers who are not very familiar with images indexed in English, which is still the dominant language of the Web.

Date

3. 9.2014 19:22:07

Type

a

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Abstract

Multilingual controlled vocabularies are rare and often very limited in the choice of languages offered. TIIARA (Taxonomy for Image Indexing and RetrievAl) is a bilingual taxonomy developed for image indexing and retrieval. This controlled vocabulary offers indexers and image searchers innovative and coherent access points for ordinary images. The preliminary steps of the elaboration of the bilingual structure are presented. For its initial development, TIIARA included only two languages, French and English. As a logical follow-up, TIIARA was translated into eight languages-Arabic, Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, Mandarin Chinese, Italian, German, Hindi and Russian-in order to increase its international scope. This paper briefly describes the different stages of the development of the bilingual structure. The processes used in the translations are subsequently presented, as well as the main difficulties encountered by the translators. Adding more languages in TIIARA constitutes an added value for a controlled vocabulary meant to be used by image searchers, who are often limited by their lack of knowledge of multiple languages.

Source

Knowledge organization. 43(2016) no.1, S.22-34

Type

a

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Abstract

For most museums, online access to their collections is still a challenge. In museum databases, descriptions include descriptive metadata, along with other information that is often irrelevant to the public. Information that would help users to navigate from an object to one sharing similar characteristics is often absent. The conceptual model developed by the International Committee for Documentation, CIDOC-CRM, which provides a formal structure for linking museum objects, is still not widely adopted by institutions, due to its complexity. This project aims to provide a simpler model that could be more easily adopted. For this phase of the project, a sample of 266 Canadian museums with humanities collections (archaeology, ethnology, history, fine and decorative arts) was identified. It is composed of every museum that, during the fall of 2016, was offering to the public at least a part of its collection online. From each museum, a minimum of ten objects was selected, ensuring that the variety of the collections was represented, and extracted the metadata used in the object descriptions. This inventory, which aimed to provide a comprehensive picture of what museums already offer in terms of metadata associated to their online collections, exposed a lack of standardization and interoperability.

Type

a

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Abstract

This project explores whether tattoos possess, according to those who sport them, the characteristics of a document and, if yes, to what extent. Eighty-eight tattoos, which were described in eighteen in-depth interviews with tattooed adults, are used as units of analysis and analysed following a conceptual framework that focuses on the complementarity of the material, mental and social aspects of documents. The analysis of the mental (or informational) aspect of tattoos indicates that participants distinctly distinguish between tattoos carrying a meaning from those that are purely aesthetic, and that the two types of tattoos can easily cohabit on the same person. The analysis of the social (or communicational) aspect of tattoos is divided into two sub-aspects: the choice of localization on the body and the choice of visual elements. Both, among the participants, were considered thoughtfully and, united, they often become a well-considered communication strategy. Results indicate that, while all tattoos carry material and social aspects, only those that carry a meaning for the individual sporting them appear to possess a clear mental aspect that would make them documents.

Type

a

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Abstract

Purpose - This research project aims to provide a new visual representation of the Artefacts Canada digital collection, as well as a means for users to browse this content. Artefacts Canada Humanities is a database containing approximately 3.5 million records describing the different collections of Canadian museums. Design/methodology/approach - A four-step methodology was adopted for the development of the faceted taxonomy model. First, a best practice review consisting of an extensive analysis of existing terminology standards in museum communities and public web interfaces of large cultural organizations was performed. The second step of the methodology entailed a domain analysis; this involved extracting and comparing relevant concepts from terminological authoritative sources. The third step proceeded to term clustering and entity listing,which involved the breaking-up of the taxonomy domains into potential facets. An incremental user testing was also realized in order to validate and refine the taxonomy components (facets, values, and relationships). Findings - The project resulted in a bilingual and expandable vocabulary structure that will further be used to describe the Artefacts Canada database records. The new taxonomy simplifies the representation of complex content by grouping objects into similar facets to classify all records of the Artefacts Canada database. The user-friendly bilingual taxonomy provides worldwide visitors with the means to better access Canadian virtual museum collections. Originality/value - Few methodological tools are available for museums which wish to adopt a faceted approach in the development of their web sites. For practitioners, the methodology developed within this project is a direct contribution to support web site development of large cultural organizations.

Type

a

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Abstract

Purpose - This paper seeks to examine image retrieval within two different contexts: a monolingual context where the language of the query is the same as the indexing language and a multilingual context where the language of the query is different from the indexing language. The study also aims to compare two different approaches for the indexing of ordinary images representing common objects: traditional image indexing with the use of a controlled vocabulary and free image indexing using uncontrolled vocabulary. Design/methodology/approach - This research uses three data collection methods. An analysis of the indexing terms was employed in order to examine the multiplicity of term types assigned to images. A simulation of the retrieval process involving a set of 30 images was performed with 60 participants. The quantification of the retrieval performance of each indexing approach was based on the usability measures, that is, effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction of the user. Finally, a questionnaire was used to gather information on searcher satisfaction during and after the retrieval process. Findings - The results of this research are twofold. The analysis of indexing terms associated with all the 3,950 images provides a comprehensive description of the characteristics of the four non-combined indexing forms used for the study. Also, the retrieval simulation results offers information about the relative performance of the six indexing forms (combined and non-combined) in terms of their effectiveness, efficiency (temporal and human) and the image searcher's satisfaction. Originality/value - The findings of the study suggest that, in the near future, the information systems could benefit from allowing an increased coexistence of controlled vocabularies and uncontrolled vocabularies, resulting from collaborative image tagging, for example, and giving the users the possibility to dynamically participate in the image-indexing process, in a more user-centred way.

Type

a

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Abstract

Pornographic content is pervasive on the Internet; nevertheless, our knowledge concerning how this content is organized, described, and accessed by individuals is limited. Human sexuality has been a problematic topic within the field of library and information science (LIS). Thus, this study investigates the terminology used to describe pornographic videos. More specifically, this study explores the categories available to access the videos and formulates a framework within which we can begin to address materials of a sexual nature. For the study presented below data was extracted from 20 free websites to explore the categories used for access, the search mechanisms provided by the sites, and the organizational patterns used for the pornographic video content. This project contributes to an area of research that remains relatively unexplored, and provides useful insights into the organization and terminology surrounding what is inarguably one of the most controversial, and yet ubiquitous, types of material accessible via the Internet.

Type

a

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Type

a