Search (460 results, page 1 of 23)

0.05564953 = product of:
  0.11129906 = sum of:
    0.10749755 = weight(_text_:da in 4708) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.10749755 = score(doc=4708,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.20483522 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.7981725 = idf(docFreq=990, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04269026 = queryNorm
        0.5248001 = fieldWeight in 4708, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          4.7981725 = idf(docFreq=990, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4708)
    0.0038015132 = product of:
      0.0076030265 = sum of:
        0.0076030265 = weight(_text_:a in 4708) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0076030265 = score(doc=4708,freq=6.0), product of:
            0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04269026 = queryNorm
            0.1544581 = fieldWeight in 4708, product of:
              2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                6.0 = termFreq=6.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4708)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Hypertexts are electronic documents divided into interconnected fragments of text, which can be accessed directly thus evading the limitations of the linear structure of printed documents. The user can interact dynamically with the information and establish new relations. Describes the component features of such systems (hard and software) in relation to their applications (macro-literary, problem exploration, generic). The advantages of flexible organisation of texts, reference linkage and simultaneous access outweigh such disadvantages as the problem of constructing systems for a range of diverse user needs, making hypertext a significant aid to creative thinking

Source

Revista da Escola de Biblioteconomia da UFMG. 24(1995), no.1, S.85-111

Type

a

0.04916604 = product of:
  0.09833208 = sum of:
    0.063981645 = product of:
      0.12796329 = sum of:
        0.12796329 = weight(_text_:silva in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.12796329 = score(doc=633,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.31446302 = queryWeight, product of:
              7.3661537 = idf(docFreq=75, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04269026 = queryNorm
            0.40692633 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              7.3661537 = idf(docFreq=75, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    0.034350436 = sum of:
      0.0054307333 = weight(_text_:a in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0054307333 = score(doc=633,freq=6.0), product of:
          0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.11032722 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
            2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
              6.0 = termFreq=6.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
      0.028919702 = weight(_text_:22 in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.028919702 = score(doc=633,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.149494 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.19345059 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Considering the characteristics of hypertext systems and problems such as cognitive overload and the disorientation of users, this project studies subject hypertext documents that have undergone conceptual structuring using facets for content representation and improvement of information retrieval during navigation. The main objective was to assess the possibility of the application of topic map technology for automating the compatibilization process of these structures. For this purpose, two dissertations from the UFMG Information Science Post-Graduation Program were adopted as samples. Both dissertations had been duly analyzed and structured on the MHTX (Hypertextual Map) prototype database. The faceted structures of both dissertations, which had been represented in conceptual maps, were then converted into topic maps. It was then possible to use the merge property of the topic maps to promote the semantic interrelationship between the maps and, consequently, between the hypertextual information resources proper. The merge results were then analyzed in the light of theories dealing with the compatibilization of languages developed within the realm of information technology and librarianship from the 1960s on. The main goals accomplished were: (a) the detailed conceptualization of the merge process of the topic maps, considering the possible compatibilization levels and the applicability of this technology in the integration of faceted structures; and (b) the production of a detailed sequence of steps that may be used in the implementation of topic maps based on faceted structures.

Date

22. 2.2013 11:39:23

Type

a

0.04894044 = product of:
  0.09788088 = sum of:
    0.09404077 = weight(_text_:da in 2504) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.09404077 = score(doc=2504,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.20483522 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.7981725 = idf(docFreq=990, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04269026 = queryNorm
        0.45910448 = fieldWeight in 2504, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          4.7981725 = idf(docFreq=990, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2504)
    0.0038401082 = product of:
      0.0076802163 = sum of:
        0.0076802163 = weight(_text_:a in 2504) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0076802163 = score(doc=2504,freq=12.0), product of:
            0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04269026 = queryNorm
            0.15602624 = fieldWeight in 2504, product of:
              3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
                12.0 = termFreq=12.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2504)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Content

This article reports an applied research on the construction and implementation of a semantically structured conceptual prototype to help in the organization and representation of human knowledge in hypertextual systems, based on four references: the Facet Analysis Theory (FAT), the Conceptual Map Theory, semantic structure of hypertext links and the technical guidelines of the Associacao Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT). This prototype, called Modelo Hipertextual para Organizacao de Documentos (MHTX) - Model For Hypertext Organization of Documents HTXM - is formed by a semantic structure called Conceptual Map (CM) and Expanded Summary (ES), the latter based on the summary of a selected doctoral thesis to which access points were designed. In the future, this prototype maybe used to implement a digital libraty called BTDECI - UFMG (Biblioteca de Teses e Dissertacöes do Programa de Pós-Graduacao da Escola de Ciência da Informacao da UFMG - Library of Theses and Dissertations of the Graduate Program of School of Information Science of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais).

Type

a

0.046239983 = product of:
  0.09247997 = sum of:
    0.08687113 = weight(_text_:da in 3129) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.08687113 = score(doc=3129,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.20483522 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.7981725 = idf(docFreq=990, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04269026 = queryNorm
        0.42410251 = fieldWeight in 3129, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.7981725 = idf(docFreq=990, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3129)
    0.005608837 = product of:
      0.011217674 = sum of:
        0.011217674 = weight(_text_:a in 3129) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.011217674 = score(doc=3129,freq=10.0), product of:
            0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04269026 = queryNorm
            0.22789092 = fieldWeight in 3129, product of:
              3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                10.0 = termFreq=10.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3129)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Provides an overview of hypermedia and hypertext systems including some historical background, a definiton of the technology, and a description of the basic concepts, navigation of a network, principal characteristics of the interface, and the provision of storage. Provides an example of a hypertext application in the information field: an experimental bibliographic hypercatalogue. Discusses the difficulties associated with hypertext systems, describes some experiments and applications, offers some predictions and some suggestions for further research

Source

Ciencia da informacao. 23(1995) no.3, S.295-308

Type

a

0.040877663 = product of:
  0.081755325 = sum of:
    0.07677797 = product of:
      0.15355594 = sum of:
        0.15355594 = weight(_text_:silva in 2783) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.15355594 = score(doc=2783,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.31446302 = queryWeight, product of:
              7.3661537 = idf(docFreq=75, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04269026 = queryNorm
            0.48831162 = fieldWeight in 2783, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              7.3661537 = idf(docFreq=75, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2783)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    0.004977349 = product of:
      0.009954698 = sum of:
        0.009954698 = weight(_text_:a in 2783) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009954698 = score(doc=2783,freq=14.0), product of:
            0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04269026 = queryNorm
            0.20223314 = fieldWeight in 2783, product of:
              3.7416575 = tf(freq=14.0), with freq of:
                14.0 = termFreq=14.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2783)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Explores the hypothesis that using a zooming graphical interface minimizes user disorientation when reading documents in an electronic environment. 36 graduate students at the University of Maryland at College Park, USA, were randomly assigned to read a hypertext document in either Pad++, a zooming graphical interface, or Mosaic, a jump-based interface. Questionnaires, observation, and taped interviews were used to compare and evalutae the use of the 2 interfaces with regard to learning time, performance and user satisfaction. Findings suggest as workstations become more powerful, a hybrid interface that adds continuous zooming to the existing mechanisms of scroll, pan and jump will emerge

Type

a

0.019551761 = product of:
  0.039103523 = sum of:
    0.03800612 = weight(_text_:da in 2015) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.03800612 = score(doc=2015,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.20483522 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.7981725 = idf(docFreq=990, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04269026 = queryNorm
        0.18554485 = fieldWeight in 2015, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.7981725 = idf(docFreq=990, maxDocs=44218)
          0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=2015)
    0.0010974023 = product of:
      0.0021948046 = sum of:
        0.0021948046 = weight(_text_:a in 2015) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0021948046 = score(doc=2015,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04269026 = queryNorm
            0.044588212 = fieldWeight in 2015, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=2015)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Footnote

Rez. in: nfd 54(2003) H.8, S.497 (T. Mandl): "Gesetze der digitalen Anarchie - Hyperlinks im Internet entstehen als Ergebnis sozialer Prozesse und können auch als formaler Graph im Sinne der Mathematik interpretiert werden. Die Thematik Hyperlinks ist im Information Retrieval höchst aktuell, da Suchmaschinen die Link-Struktur bei der Berechnung ihrer Ergebnisse berücksichtigen. Algorithmen zur Bestimmung des "guten Rufs" einer Seite wie etwa PageRank von Google gewichten eine Seite höher, wenn viele links auf sie verweisen. Barabási erklärt dem Leser seines Buches darüber hinaus noch, wie es zu solchen Phänomenen kommt. Soziale Prozesse im Netz wirken so, dass bereits bekannte Seiten mit größerer Wahrscheinlichkeit auch wieder weitere Links oder neue Besucher anziehen. Barabási ist Physiker an der Notre-Dame University und ihm fehlt ebenso wie Huberman die informationswissenschaftliche Perspektive. Er fragt also kaum, wie kann das Wissen über Netzwerke zu Verbesserungen in Informationssystemen führen, die Benutzerbedürfnisse besser erfüllen. Gleichwohl lohnt sich die Lektüre auch für Informationswissenschaftler. Barabäsi stellt die aktuelle Forschung zur Netzwerkstruktur des Internets auf einfache Weise fast ohne Zugeständnisse an Aktualität und Komplexität dar. Wie Huberman verzichtet auch er weitgehend auf Formeln und andere Formalismen. Der in Ungarn geborene Barabási lässt darüber hinaus keine Anekdote aus, sei es über die Begründer der Graphen-Theorie, im peer-review abgelehnte Beiträge und persönliche Begegnungen mit anderen Forschern. Barabási beginnt mit einfachen Netzwerkstrukturen und schreitet didaktisch über internet-ähnliche Netzwerke weiter zu Anwendungen und praktischen Beispielen aus unterschiedlichsten Disziplinen. Er schafft mit seinem Buch "Linked" unter anderem Links zwischen der ungarischen Literatur, dem I-Love-You Computer-Virus, der Verbreitung von Aids, den Theorien Einsteins, den Aufsichtsräten der wichtigsten amerikanischen Firmen, dem Al-Qaeda-Netzwerk und der Struktur und der Funktion biologischer Zellen. Zu Beginn seines Buches berichtet Barabási von sogenannten kleinen Welten, in denen viele Objekte über wenige Verbindungen zusammenhängen. Ein Blick in den eigenen größeren Bekanntenkreis mag bestätigen, dass viele Menschen über wenige Schritte zwischen Bekannten erreichbar sind. Sowohl Barabäsi als auch Huberman gehen auf die Geschichte des ersten sozialwissenschaftlichen Experiments zu diesem Thema ein, das in den 1960er Jahren versuchte, die Anzahl von Schritten zwischen gemeinsamen Bekannten zu bestimmen, welche vom Mittleren Westen der USA an die Ostküste führt. Die genauere Struktur solcher Systeme, in denen manche Knoten weitaus mehr Beziehungen zu anderen eingehen als der Durchschnitt, führt hin zum Internet. Im Web lässt sich keineswegs immer ein Pfad zwischen zwei Knoten finden, wie noch vor wenigen Jahren vermutet wurde. Die durchschnittliche Entfernung war damals noch mit 19 Klicks berechnet worden. Vielmehr herrscht eine differenziertere Struktur, die Barabási vorstellt und in der zahlreiche Seiten in Sackgassen führen. Huberman wie Barabási diskutieren auch negative Aspekte des Internet. Während Huberman die Wartezeiten und Staus bei Downloads analysiert, bespricht Barabási die rasante Verbreitung von ComputerViren und weist auf die Grundlagen für diese Gefährdung hin. Das vorletzte Kapitel widmen übrigens beide Autoren den Märkten im Internet. Spätestens hier werden die wirtschaftlichen Aspekte von Netzwerken deutlich. Beide Titel führen den Leser in die neue Forschung zur Struktur des Internet als Netzwerk und sind leicht lesbar. Beides sind wissenschaftliche Bücher, wenden sich aber auch an den interessierten Laien. Das Buch von Barabási ist etwas aktueller, plauderhafter, länger, umfassender und etwas populärwissenschaftlicher."

0.016676938 = product of:
  0.06670775 = sum of:
    0.06670775 = sum of:
      0.00886835 = weight(_text_:a in 2505) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.00886835 = score(doc=2505,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.18016359 = fieldWeight in 2505, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2505)
      0.057839405 = weight(_text_:22 in 2505) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.057839405 = score(doc=2505,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.149494 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 2505, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2505)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Abstract

Considers the reason why CD-ROM's promise of a large range of legal data bases has, to some extent, been limited. The new range of CD-ROM hypertext data bases, produced by West Publishing Company, are discussed briefly.

Source

Information today. 6(1989) no.4, S.22-24

Type

a

0.016676938 = product of:
  0.06670775 = sum of:
    0.06670775 = sum of:
      0.00886835 = weight(_text_:a in 2756) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.00886835 = score(doc=2756,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.18016359 = fieldWeight in 2756, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2756)
      0.057839405 = weight(_text_:22 in 2756) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.057839405 = score(doc=2756,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.149494 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 2756, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2756)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Footnote

Part of a special issue featuring papers from the workshop on hypermedia and hypertext standards held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, 22-23 April 1993

Type

a

0.016288336 = product of:
  0.065153345 = sum of:
    0.065153345 = weight(_text_:da in 3855) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.065153345 = score(doc=3855,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.20483522 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.7981725 = idf(docFreq=990, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04269026 = queryNorm
        0.31807688 = fieldWeight in 3855, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.7981725 = idf(docFreq=990, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3855)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Abstract

Hypertext ist ein neuartiges Medium des Lesens und Schreibens, das insbesondere die intensive Integration von Text und Bild ermöglicht. Text erhält einen bildlichen Charakter, und Layout und Graphik vermitteln wesentliche Information. Hypertext ist auch interaktiv und unterstützt autonomes Arbeiten und Lernen. Schreiben von Hypertext unterscheidet sich daher stark vom Schreiben linearer Texte. Diese innovativen Eigenschaften machen es oft schwierig, Hypertext in der universitären Lehre einzusetzen. StudentInnen zögern oft, Hypertext zu verwenden, da sie Probleme mit seiner vernetzten Struktur und seinem «bildlichen» Charakter haben. Die Beobachtung des Einführungsprozesses von Hypertext kann Einsichten darüber vermitteln, wie diese Probleme überwunden werden können.

0.016027568 = product of:
  0.06411027 = sum of:
    0.06411027 = sum of:
      0.0062708696 = weight(_text_:a in 2927) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0062708696 = score(doc=2927,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.12739488 = fieldWeight in 2927, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2927)
      0.057839405 = weight(_text_:22 in 2927) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.057839405 = score(doc=2927,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.149494 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 2927, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2927)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Source

Nachrichten für Dokumentation. 44(1993) H.1, S.15-22

Type

a

0.01580021 = product of:
  0.03160042 = sum of:
    0.030713584 = weight(_text_:da in 1553) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.030713584 = score(doc=1553,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.20483522 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.7981725 = idf(docFreq=990, maxDocs=44218)
          0.04269026 = queryNorm
        0.14994289 = fieldWeight in 1553, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          4.7981725 = idf(docFreq=990, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=1553)
    8.86835E-4 = product of:
      0.00177367 = sum of:
        0.00177367 = weight(_text_:a in 1553) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.00177367 = score(doc=1553,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.04269026 = queryNorm
            0.036032718 = fieldWeight in 1553, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=1553)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Content

- Hypertext - Nicht nur den Namen "Hypertext" für ein solches Netz, sondern auch entscheidende Impulse zu einer konkreten Ausgestaltung eines durch Links verknüpften Netzes steuerte ab 1965 Ted Nelson bei. Sein mit dem Namen "Xanadu" verbundenes Wissenschaftsnetz gibt noch heute die Messlatte ab, an der sich das WWW behaupten muss. Nelson versuchte, sein Konzept auch kommerziell zum Erfolg zu bringen. Zeitweise konnte er auf ein starkes finanzielles Engagement der CAD-Firma Autodesk rechnen, die sich jedoch nach ausbleibenden Erfolgen aus diesem Engagement zurückzog. Heute ist der Quellcode der Software frei zugänglich, und die Website xanadu.net informiert über die Aktivitäten der kleinen Xanadu-Gemeinde von heute. Nelson selbst stellt sein Projekt als ein geschlossenes System von Dokumenten dar, dessen Zugang man ähnlich erwirbt wie den zu einem Provider oder zum Zahlfernsehen. Dokumente werden in diesem aus vernetzten Computern bestehenden System binär gespeichert, unabhängig davon, ob im einzelnen Dokument Bilder, Müsik, Text oder sonst etwas vorliegen. Sie zerfallen in winzige, aber identifizierbare Bestandteile, so dass jeder Dokumententeil mit einer eindeutigen ID versehen ist und einem bestimmten Autor zugeordnet werden kann. Liest ein Leser ein Dokumententeil in Xanadu, wird dadurch automatisch eine Gutschrift für das Konto des Urhebers des Dokuments erzeugt. Wie im existierenden Web sind einzelne Wörter, Bilder oder andere Medieninhalte Anker zu Verweisen auf andere Dokumentenbestandteile, die sich per Mausklick aufrufen lassen. Im Unterschied zum Web aber führt der Weg nicht nur in eine Richtung. Stichwort A verweist nicht nur auf X, sondern X macht auch alle Dokumente kenntlich, von denen aus auf X gezeigt wird. Es ist also jederzeit nachvollziehbar, wo überall von einem Dokument Gebrauch gemacht wird. Dadurch lässt sich überprüfen, ob ein als Beleg verwendeter Verweis zu Recht oder zu Unrecht angegeben wird.
- Gutschriften für Autoren - Es geht aber noch weiter: Prinzipiell wird allen Xanadu-Teilnehmern garantiert, vorhandene Dokumentebestandteile durch so genannte Transclusions zitieren zu können. Ein Rechtemanagement für Lesezugriffe ist ja bereits integriert. Es ist also jederzeit möglich, dass jemand für ein Thema, das interessant erscheint, eine neue Anthologie erzeugt, ohne dass vorher Genehmigungen eingeholt werden müssen. Und anders als das WWW ist Xanadu ein Instrument für Autoren: An jede vorhandenen Seite können Kommentare angefügt werden. Um den Überblick zu behalten, werden sie anders dargestellt als ein Quellennachweis ("getypte Links"). Änderungen, die an einem Knoten vorgenommen werden, indem etwa ein Kommentar hinzukommt, können anderen Lesern vom System angezeigt werden, so dass man auf diese Weise lebendige Debatten und permanente Onlinekonferenzen führen kann. Ohne dass Administratoren regelnd eingreifen müssen, spiegelt das Xanadu-Netz damit die Interdependenz der realen Welt wider. Im Zeitalter der Fachidioten wird Wissen in einer Form repräsentiert, die die Verflechtung der Dinge untereinander hervorhebt und Kontroversen sichtbar macht. Das System schreibt dabei seine Geschichte selbst, da eine Versionskontrolle, verbunden mit direktem Dokumentenvergleich, die unterschiedlichen redaktionellen Bearbeitungsstufen eines Dokumentknotens nachvollziehbar macht.
- Technische Hürden - Bleibt die Frage, weshalb Xanadu mit seiner Vision, das Weltwissen one mouse-click away erreichbar zu machen - Nelson spricht gar von einem docuverse -, bislang so erfolglos blieb. Ernst zu nehmen sind zunächst die technischen Anforderungen, die Xanadu stellt. Sie beginnen bei einer Editorensoftware, die die Autorenkennungen- vorhandener und zitierter Dokumentknoten bewahrt. Dass diese Software am Ende weniger techniklastig ist als die heutigen HTML-Editoren, wie Nelson annimmt, darf bezweifelt werden. Hinzu kommen Anforderungen an Rechnersysteme und Verwaltungsaufgaben: Da Xanadu ein konsistentes Dokumentmanagement garantieren und Dokumente für den Notfall auch redundant auf mehreren Rechnern gleichzeitig vorhalten muss, wären die technischen und Managementherausforderungen für ein aus zig Milliarden Dokumenten bestehendes System beachtlich. Andere Gründe sind prinzipieller Art: Die Bereitschaft, für Inhalte auch nur mit kleinen Beiträgen zu zahlen, ist bei den meisten. Internetnutzern als recht gering anzusetzen. Anders ließe sich das Scheitern vieler Anbieter für Bezahlinhalte im bestehenden Web kaum interpretieren. Möglicherweise gibt es auch einen latenten Widerwillen, einer zentralen und weltweit auftretenden Organisation- und trete sie mit noch so ehrenhaften Zielen an - die Aufgabe anzuvertrauen, das Weltwissen abzulegen. Hier hat offenbar - Ironie der Geschichte - das Computernetz des Militärs die Nase vorn, das aus Gründen eines auch in der Katastrophe funktionierenden Systems auf stets austauschbare Rechner setzt und das Chaos ins Kalkül aufgenommen hat. Es ist daher absehbar, dass sich Xanadu in der skizzierten Form nicht mehr durchsetzen wird. Damit ist wahrscheinlich auch eine Chance für eine neue Internetarchitektur vertan. Was als Wunsch aber für die Weiterentwicklung des bestehenden Webs nicht laut genug vorgebracht werden kann, ist, dass die Visionen und konkreten Möglichkeiten von Xanadu stärker berücksichtigt werden sollten. Vielleicht sind die Aversionen gegen zentral geregelte Systeme aber immerhin dazu gut, dass das ".Net"; das Lieblingsprojekt des Softwaregiganten Microsoft, zu einem offenen System umgewandelt wird.

Type

a

0.014639968 = product of:
  0.058559872 = sum of:
    0.058559872 = sum of:
      0.012288346 = weight(_text_:a in 4915) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.012288346 = score(doc=4915,freq=12.0), product of:
          0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.24964198 = fieldWeight in 4915, product of:
            3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
              12.0 = termFreq=12.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4915)
      0.046271525 = weight(_text_:22 in 4915) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.046271525 = score(doc=4915,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.149494 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 4915, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4915)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Abstract

Some people argure that hypertext is easy to write, is hard to create by converting existing text into hypertext, and has a massive market. This paper argures the contrary. First, Hypertext is hard to write. Second, automatically converting a text into hypertext is, to a first approximation, easy. Third, successful marketing of hypertext depends on having a large volume of material that is also available in paper form

Source

International journal of information management. 11(1991) no.1, S.14-22

Type

a

0.014639968 = product of:
  0.058559872 = sum of:
    0.058559872 = sum of:
      0.012288346 = weight(_text_:a in 187) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.012288346 = score(doc=187,freq=12.0), product of:
          0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.24964198 = fieldWeight in 187, product of:
            3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
              12.0 = termFreq=12.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=187)
      0.046271525 = weight(_text_:22 in 187) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.046271525 = score(doc=187,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.149494 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 187, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=187)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Abstract

This article examines searcher behavior and affective response to a hypertext-based bibliographic information retrieval system called HyperLynx for searchers with different search skills and backgrounds. Search times and number of nodes visited were recorded for five specified search queries, and views of the system were recorded for each searcher. No significant differences were found in search times or user satisfaction with the system, indicating that a hypertext-based approach to bibliographic retrieval could be appropriate for a variety of searcher experience levels

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 46(1995) no.1, S.22-29

Type

a

0.014076229 = product of:
  0.056304917 = sum of:
    0.056304917 = sum of:
      0.010033391 = weight(_text_:a in 3594) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.010033391 = score(doc=3594,freq=8.0), product of:
          0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.20383182 = fieldWeight in 3594, product of:
            2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
              8.0 = termFreq=8.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3594)
      0.046271525 = weight(_text_:22 in 3594) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.046271525 = score(doc=3594,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.149494 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 3594, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3594)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Abstract

Natural language generation techniques can be used to dynamically produce hypertext dynamic catalogues on the Web, resulting in DYNAMIC HYPERTEXT. A dynamic hypertext document can be tailored more precisely to a particular user's needs and background, thus helping the user to search more effectively. Describes the automatic generation of WWW documents and illustrates with 2 implemented systems

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

Footnote

Contribution to a special issue devoted to the Proceedings of the 7th International World Wide Web Conference, held 14-18 April 1998, Brisbane, Australia

Type

a

0.0137401745 = product of:
  0.054960698 = sum of:
    0.054960698 = sum of:
      0.008689173 = weight(_text_:a in 5512) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.008689173 = score(doc=5512,freq=6.0), product of:
          0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.17652355 = fieldWeight in 5512, product of:
            2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
              6.0 = termFreq=6.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5512)
      0.046271525 = weight(_text_:22 in 5512) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.046271525 = score(doc=5512,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.149494 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 5512, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5512)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Abstract

Proposes a conceptual model to examine hypertext information presentation effects on decision making performance when compared with traditional sequentional information presentation and access. Considers which combination of task knowledge type (superficial, and causal) and information presentation styles (sequential, hypertext) yield the best decision making performance. This is achieved by comparing performance effect of hypertext and sequential information presentation when applied to superficial and causal type of knowledge required for the task. The 2 surrogates used for measuring the outcome of the performance effects are decision time and secision accuracy

Date

24.10.1996 19:57:22

Type

a

0.013414103 = product of:
  0.05365641 = sum of:
    0.05365641 = sum of:
      0.013168828 = weight(_text_:a in 2761) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.013168828 = score(doc=2761,freq=18.0), product of:
          0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.26752928 = fieldWeight in 2761, product of:
            4.2426405 = tf(freq=18.0), with freq of:
              18.0 = termFreq=18.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2761)
      0.040487584 = weight(_text_:22 in 2761) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.040487584 = score(doc=2761,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.149494 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 2761, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2761)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Abstract

In a hypertext database, the information is presented as a network of nodes connected by links. Such nodes may be text, graphics, audio, video, and even other software. Although hypertext provides a new approach to information management, it also leaves a whole new set of problems for the designers of the hypertext database to solve. As the volume of information grows, the task of authoring a hypertext database becomes much more complex. In this article, the author presents the experiences during the development of a hypertext version of the user's guide for information services on JANET, in the UK, by using HyperPAD, a hypertext shell for the IBM PC. It may be the first step to explore the proper way to solve those problems which come together with the increasing application of hypertext

Source

Aslib proceedings. 45(1993) no.1, S.19-22

Type

a

0.013341552 = product of:
  0.053366207 = sum of:
    0.053366207 = sum of:
      0.00709468 = weight(_text_:a in 2740) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.00709468 = score(doc=2740,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.14413087 = fieldWeight in 2740, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2740)
      0.046271525 = weight(_text_:22 in 2740) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.046271525 = score(doc=2740,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.149494 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 2740, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2740)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

Footnote

Contribution to a special issue of papers from the 6th International World Wide Web conference, held 7-11 Apr 1997, Santa Clara, California

Type

a

0.012822055 = product of:
  0.05128822 = sum of:
    0.05128822 = sum of:
      0.0050166957 = weight(_text_:a in 6320) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0050166957 = score(doc=6320,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.10191591 = fieldWeight in 6320, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6320)
      0.046271525 = weight(_text_:22 in 6320) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.046271525 = score(doc=6320,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.149494 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 6320, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6320)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Content

Enthält u.a.: WELSCH, L.A.: Multimedia and hypermedia: model and framework. - BRYAN, M.: Standards for text and hypermedia processing. - POPHAM, M.G.: Use of SGML and HyTime in UK universities. - SCHELLER, A.: The Open Document Architecture (ODA) and its HyperODA extensions. - FROMONT, J.: State-of-the-art regarding the various standards for contents related to text, still images, sound and video. - BROEKMAN, H.J.D.: Effective communication with interactive media

0.012822055 = product of:
  0.05128822 = sum of:
    0.05128822 = sum of:
      0.0050166957 = weight(_text_:a in 8460) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0050166957 = score(doc=8460,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.10191591 = fieldWeight in 8460, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8460)
      0.046271525 = weight(_text_:22 in 8460) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.046271525 = score(doc=8460,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.149494 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 8460, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8460)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Source

Reference services review. 22(1994) no.2, S.31-40

Type

a

0.012822055 = product of:
  0.05128822 = sum of:
    0.05128822 = sum of:
      0.0050166957 = weight(_text_:a in 3558) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0050166957 = score(doc=3558,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.049223874 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.10191591 = fieldWeight in 3558, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3558)
      0.046271525 = weight(_text_:22 in 3558) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.046271525 = score(doc=3558,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.149494 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.04269026 = queryNorm
          0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 3558, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3558)
  0.25 = coord(1/4)

Abstract

The history of encyclopedias and wholly new forms of encyclopedias are briefly reviewed. The possibilities and problems that hypertext presents as a basis for new forms of encyclopedias are explored. The capabilities of current systems, both experimental and commercially available, are outlined, focusing on new possibilities for authoring and design and for reading the retrieval. Examples of applications already making use of hypertext are given.

Date

7. 1.1996 22:47:52