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Spink, A.; Cole, C.: ¬A multitasking framework for cognitive information retrieval (2005)
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- Date
- 19. 1.2007 12:55:22
- Source
- New directions in cognitive information retrieval. Eds.: A. Spink, C. Cole
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Kuhlthau, C.; Spink, A.; Cool, C.: Exploration into stages in the retrieval in the information search process in online information retrieval : communication between users and intermediaries (1992)
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Spink, A.; Cole, C.: Human information behavior : integrating diverse approaches and information use (2006)
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- Abstract
- For millennia humans have sought, organized, and used information as they learned and evolved patterns of human information behaviors to resolve their human problems and survive. However, despite the current focus an living in an "information age," we have a limited evolutionary understanding of human information behavior. In this article the authors examine the current three interdisciplinary approaches to conceptualizing how humans have sought information including (a) the everyday life information seeking-sense-making approach, (b) the information foraging approach, and (c) the problem-solution perspective an information seeking approach. In addition, due to the lack of clarity regarding the rote of information use in information behavior, a fourth information approach is provided based an a theory of information use. The use theory proposed starts from an evolutionary psychology notion that humans are able to adapt to their environment and survive because of our modular cognitive architecture. Finally, the authors begin the process of conceptualizing these diverse approaches, and the various aspects or elements of these approaches, within an integrated model with consideration of information use. An initial integrated model of these different approaches with information use is proposed.
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Jansen, B.J.; Spink, A.; Blakely, C.; Koshman, S.: Defining a session on Web search engines (2007)
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- Abstract
- Detecting query reformulations within a session by a Web searcher is an important area of research for designing more helpful searching systems and targeting content to particular users. Methods explored by other researchers include both qualitative (i.e., the use of human judges to manually analyze query patterns on usually small samples) and nondeterministic algorithms, typically using large amounts of training data to predict query modification during sessions. In this article, we explore three alternative methods for detection of session boundaries. All three methods are computationally straightforward and therefore easily implemented for detection of session changes. We examine 2,465,145 interactions from 534,507 users of Dogpile.com on May 6, 2005. We compare session analysis using (a) Internet Protocol address and cookie; (b) Internet Protocol address, cookie, and a temporal limit on intrasession interactions; and (c) Internet Protocol address, cookie, and query reformulation patterns. Overall, our analysis shows that defining sessions by query reformulation along with Internet Protocol address and cookie provides the best measure, resulting in an 82% increase in the count of sessions. Regardless of the method used, the mean session length was fewer than three queries, and the mean session duration was less than 30 min. Searchers most often modified their query by changing query terms (nearly 23% of all query modifications) rather than adding or deleting terms. Implications are that for measuring searching traffic, unique sessions may be a better indicator than the common metric of unique visitors. This research also sheds light on the more complex aspects of Web searching involving query modifications and may lead to advances in searching tools.
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Tjondronegoro, D.; Spink, A.; Jansen, B.J.: ¬A study and comparison of multimedia Web searching : 1997-2006 (2009)
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- Abstract
- Searching for multimedia is an important activity for users of Web search engines. Studying user's interactions with Web search engine multimedia buttons, including image, audio, and video, is important for the development of multimedia Web search systems. This article provides results from a Weblog analysis study of multimedia Web searching by Dogpile users in 2006. The study analyzes the (a) duration, size, and structure of Web search queries and sessions; (b) user demographics; (c) most popular multimedia Web searching terms; and (d) use of advanced Web search techniques including Boolean and natural language. The current study findings are compared with results from previous multimedia Web searching studies. The key findings are: (a) Since 1997, image search consistently is the dominant media type searched followed by audio and video; (b) multimedia search duration is still short (>50% of searching episodes are <1 min), using few search terms; (c) many multimedia searches are for information about people, especially in audio search; and (d) multimedia search has begun to shift from entertainment to other categories such as medical, sports, and technology (based on the most repeated terms). Implications for design of Web multimedia search engines are discussed.
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Spink, A.; Cole, C.: ¬A human information behavior approach to a philosophy of information (2004)
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Zhang, Y.; Jansen, B.J.; Spink, A.: Identification of factors predicting clickthrough in Web searching using neural network analysis (2009)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2009 17:49:11
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Cool, C.; Spink, A.: Issues of context in information retrieval (IR) : an introduction to the special issue (2002)
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Spink, A.; Cole, C.: New directions in cognitive information retrieval : conclusion and further research (2005)
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- Source
- New directions in cognitive information retrieval. Eds.: A. Spink, C. Cole
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Spink, A.; Cole, C.: New directions in cognitive information retrieval : introduction (2005)
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- Source
- New directions in cognitive information retrieval. Eds.: A. Spink, C. Cole
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Spink, A.; Danby, S.; Mallan, K.; Butler, C.: Exploring young children's web searching and technoliteracy (2010)
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Spink, A.; Cole, C.: Introduction (2004)
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Spink, A.; Jansen, B.J.; Blakely, C.; Koshman, S.: ¬A study of results overlap and uniqueness among major Web search engines (2006)
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