-
Satija, M.P.: History of book numbers (1987)
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- Abstract
- The history of book numbers starts only with Melvil Dewey, as before hom books were shelved in fixed location systems. The article traces the early attempts by Dewey himself to combine class numbers with author numbers and shows the development in the individualization of book numbers by a great number of classificationists and classifiers, among which J. Schwartz, W.S. Biscoe, Ch.A. Cutter, K.E. Sanborn, J.D. Brown, A.F. Rider and finally S.R. Ranganathan whose faceted structure and ease of application of book numbers seems still to be the optimal solution. Two rival systems of book numbers are alphabetical by author and chronological by the year of publication of a books. The concluding chapter is devoted to the existing literatur on book numbers and laments its vanishing quality. The study of book numbers is not getting due attention.
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Jansen, U.: ¬Die Herren der Striche sitzen in Köln : Seit 1974 vergibt GS 1 Kodes zur Erleichterung des Warenverkehrs (2005)
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- Content
- "Ein kleines Stück von GS 1 Germany fällt Verbrauchern eigentlich jeden Tag in die Hände. Auf Wasserflaschen, Gurkengläsern, Müsliriegeln oder Ringbüchern ist das Kölner Unternehmen schwarz auf weiß vertreten, weil es Herr über die Vergabe des Strichcodes ist. "Seit 30 Jahren verteilt GS 1 Germany an anfragende Unternehmen so genannte Internationale Lokationsnummern (ILN)" sagt Geschäftsführer Jörg Pretzel. Bis zu 300 dieser Lizenzen mit den Anfangsziffern 400 bis 440 vergibt GS 1 Germany pro Monat, insgesamt sind 125.000 auf dem Markt. Große Konzerne wie Henkel oder Metro lassen sich ebenso eine Nummer zuteilen wie kleine regionale Betriebe. Denn an einer ILN können bis zu 10 000 Strichcodes (EAN-Nummern) hängen, die das Unternehmen auf ein Produkt aufdrucken und auf den Markt bringen kann. Doch auch eine kleinere Bürogemeinschaft kann sich eine Nummer sichern, um beispielsweise ihr Inventar mit den acht- bis 13-stelligen Strichcodes zu sichern. Dabei richtet sich die Lizenzgebühr für eine ILN-Nummer nach dem Umsatz des Unternehmens. Die Spannen liegt zwischen 65 Euro und 15 000 Euro", erläutert Referent Thomas Rosenstein. Die zu gleichen Teilen von Handel und Industrie getragene Firma war bislang unter dem Namen Centrale für Coorganisation (CCG) bekannt. Wie die Partner in den Nachbarländern firmiert sie künftig unter GS 1 und dem jeweiligen Ländernamen, um die Internationalität der Initiative herauszustellen.
"Ein Kaugummi von Wrigley's war das erste Produkt mit einem Strichcode", erzählt Rosenstein. Von den USA schwappte die Kennzeichnungs-Welle nach Deutschland. Das ist allerdings lange her: Seit 1974 erleichtert das inzwischen vom Bundeskartellamt als neutral anerkannte Unternehmen den Waren- und Rechnungsverkehr zwischen Firmen. Denn durch die gesetzlich nicht vorgeschriebenen EAN-Nummern sind eindeutige, überschneidungsfreie Warenkennzeichnungen möglich. Seit fast 30 Jahren sind laut Rosenstein auch die ersten Scannerkassenin Betrieb. Gerade beim Kassieren ist der Strichcode, eine enorme Erleichterung. Allerdings ist es Sache der Supermarktketten, den Computer beispielsweise mit den Preisen oder anderen Produktinformationen zu füttern. Die Stammdaten - also welcher Code für Coca-Cola oder Labello steht - werden bei der Kölner Sinfos GmbH hinterlegt. So kommt-der Handel auch Missbrauchsfällen auf die Spur. Denn laut Rosenstein drucken manche Unternehmen einfach eine Nummer auf, um im internationalen Warenverkehr mitzumischen. "Das fliegt dann schnell auf" so Rosenstein. Eine Weiterentwicklung des Strichcodes ist die Radiofrequenztechnik zur Identifikation (RFID). Damit soll in der Zukunft nicht nur das Produkt Spreewalder Dillgurken der jeweiligen Firma als solches gekennzeichnet werden, sondern auch die Herkunft jedes einzelnen Glases bis zu seiner Abfüllung nachzuvollziehen sein. "Das erleichtert Rückrufaktionen ungemein", meint Rosenstein. Erste Tests laufen schon bei der Metro-Kette: Sie hat in ihrem Rheinberger Supermarkt der Zukunft" bereits den Chip auf einigen Waren. So"braucht der Kunde irgendwann seinen Einkaufswagen vielleicht nur noch durch eine Schleuse zu schieben und bekommt danach den Gesamtpreis genannt."
- Date
- 3. 5.1997 8:44:22
-
Starchan, D.: ¬A chance to make UDC notation more computer-friendly (2000)
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- Source
- Extensions and corrections to the UDC. 22(2000), S.43-44
-
Lehnus, D.J.: Book numbers : history, principles and applications (1980)
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- Footnote
- Enthält Liste der Cutter-Tafeln
- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Satija, M.P.; Comaroni, J.P.: Beyond classification: book numbers (1992)
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- Abstract
- This book seeks to complement two major works on the subject published in the U.S.A.by devoting it self tochronological book numbers. It is mostly an ignored rival line to alphabetical book numbers, indeed an ignored subject. The first four chapters dwell on the theoretical and general problems of book numbers, indeed an ignored subject. the first four chapters dwell on the tehoretical and general problem of book numbers: their definition, nature , usefulness and history. The chapter on the debate over the usefulness of book numbers tries to give the readersa taste of the debate that followed their conceptionand immediate development. Chapter four catalogues advantages of chronological book numbers. The remaining four chapters dwell upon the four specific chronollgical book numbering system. The desription of each system is prefaced by a brief life sketch of the inventor. Ranganathan's system has been fully but concsely explained. The other systems are by W.S.Biscoe, J. D. Brown, Fremont Rider and W.S. Rider and W.S. Merrill. There are twoappendices: one onthe chronology of book numbers (1873-1992), and another an almost exhaustive bibliography on the subject. Its aim is to invite the attention of scholars to a neglected part of our heritage.
-
Leyh, G.: Aufstellung und Signaturen (1961)
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- Source
- Handbuch der Bibliothekswissenschaft. 2., verb. Aufl. Hrsg.: G. Leyh. Bd.2
- Theme
- Geschichte der Sacherschließung
-
Savic, D.: CUTT-x: an expert system for automatic assignment of Cutter numbers (1996)
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- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 22(1996) no.2, S.71-87
-
Comaroni, J.P.: Book numbers : a historical study and practical guide to their use (1981)
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- Theme
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme
-
Frodl, H.: Bibliothekssignaturen der österreichischen Bibliotheken : Arten, Aufbau, Funktion und die Möglichkeit einer einheitlichen Gestaltung (1973)
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-
Broughton, V.: Notational expressivity : the case for and against the representation of internal subject structure in notational coding (1999)
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- Date
- 10. 8.2001 13:22:14
-
Satija, M.P.: Book numbers : Indian and Cutter (2008)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in KO 36(2009) no.1, S. 61-62 (K.P. Singh): "Although not much is currently being written on book numbers, Dr. M. P. Satija has published many books and journal articles on the topic, as his bibliography attests (p. 124-129). Book numbers are important for library shelf arrangement of print publications and certain electronic ones. They are also essential for the sub-arrangement of documents within a given specific class. Biographies, classics and their associative books, literary books, translations and sequels pose special problems for designing book numbers. There are many book number techniques and systems, five of which Satija examines. C. A. Cutter (1837-1903) devised tables for author names. Despite having been designed for Western names in Roman script, Cutter's tables are used all over the world. Many locally-designed systems have adapted Cutter's method to different languages. To overcome these limitations, S. R. Ranganathan (1892-1972), the father of library science in India, conceived, in his characteristically global-minded manner, a universal system diametrically opposed to Cutter's method. By all accounts, Ranganathan's system of book numbers is scientific, comprehensive and applicable, irrespective of the language of the book. Satija critically examines all aspects of the Ranganathan system at length. Highlighting the Indian contribution to book numbers, Satija provides the most comprehensive treatment of this Indian system written so far. Satija also examines the systems of S. Bashiruddin (1982-1984) and Asa Don Dickinson (1876-1960). Bashiruddin imagined a system of author numbers mainl for books in Indian scripts-namely Hindi and Urdu-, but he also proposed a similar method for English names. Dickinson devised a long table for Indian names based on Cutter's method, which Satija reproduces in full. A further chapter, rich in examples, is devoted to the author table developed in 1961 by the National Library of India at Kolkata. Although the Cutter author tables are explained, they are not reproduced. These tables, however, are easily available. Book Numbers: Indian and Cutter is divided into short chapters enriched by appendices and many examples. Each system is prefaced by a brief biography of its designer. The seven-page introduction presents the definition, purpose and history of book numbers. The last chapter addresses the meaning and use of full call numbers indicating the place of the book in the library. Focusing on Indian systems of book and author numbers, Satija's Book Numbers complements American publications such as Donald J. Lehnus' Book Numbers: History, Principles, and Applications and John P. Comaromi's Book Numbers: A Historical Study and Practical Guide to their Use. Its language is lucid, and the bibliography running from 1916 to 2007 is useful for further studies. The high production quality of this short book can easily be compared to any international standard. Book Numbers: Indian and Cutter is a timely reminder that book numbers still have their utility. It will thus be very valuable to librarians and students in library science."
-
Beck, H.: ¬Die Notation im systematischen Katalog (1970)
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- Footnote
- Gute Zusammenfassung der Eigenschaften verschiedener Notationsformen für Buchaufstellung und Kataloge; zwangsläufig aber vor Einführung von Online-Katalogen
-
Gunzenhäuser, M.: "Optimale Signatur" und zweckmäßige Aufstellung der Bestände : eine Kritik und ein neuer Vorschlag (1955)
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-
Körner, H.G.: Notationssysteme für Dokumentationssprachen und Klassifikationssysteme (1980)
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- Abstract
- Klassifikationen haben i.a. bei jeder Systemstelle eine Notation, die den Platz im System festlegt und als Kurzbezeichnung dient. Dokumentationssprachen verwenden häufig einen hierarchisch strukturierten Thesaurus, bei dem ebenfalls Notationen eingesetzt werden können. Beim Entwurf von Notationen sollten computer-interne und computer-externe Aspekte berücksichtigt werden. Es wird systematisch dargestellt, welche grundsätzlichen Typen von Notationssysstemen entworfen werden können, u.a. auch die vom Verfasser entwickelten durchgehenden oder sequentiellen Notationen mit Ebenenindikator. Linksbündige sequentielle Notationssysteme sind besonders flexibel, d.h. Einfügungen und andere Veränderungen sind leicht möglich. Die Bewertung von Notationssystemen, an einem Beispiel durchgeführt, geschieht an Hand eines möglichst umfassenden Anforderungskatalogs. Für Entwurfsentscheidungen werden die Methoden der Nutzwertanalyse empfohlen, insbesondere auch bei der Frage, ob Notationen überhaupt eingesetzt werden sollen. Eine weitere Möglichkeit ist, daß Notationen nur auf bestimmten hierarchischen Ebenen verwendet werden
