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Abstract

Was ist Geist? Diese Frage kommt durch die Erkenntnisse der modernen Neurowissenschaften ihrer Beantwortung immer näher. Black entwickelt in diesem Buch ein neues molekulares Konzept des Geistes. Blacks molekulares Konzept des Geistes, das Umwelt, Gene, molekulare Symbole, Verhalten und mentale Prozesse in Beziehung zueinander setzt, wirft nicht nur neues Licht auf das uralte Leib-Seele- oder Körper-Geist-Problem; es trägt auch zu einem tiefern Verständnis darüber bei, wie das Gehirn Informationen verarbeitet, welche materielle Grundlage Denken und Gedächtnis haben und auf welchen biochemischen Veränderungen Hirnfunktionsstörungen wie Alzheimer-Krankheit, Parkinsonsche Erkrankung und Schizophrenie beruhen. Das Buch ist zugleich eine Einführung in die molekulare Neurobiologie und ein wichtiger Schritt auf dem Weg zu einer allgemeinen Theorie des Gehirns. Es wird Biologen, Psychologen und Medizinern ebenso wie Philosophen und KI-Forschern neue Denkanstöße vermitteln.

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Footnote

Weitere Rez. in: BuB 59(2007) H.10, S.750-751 (J. Plieninger: Vermischtes und noch mehr ...): "Dass dieses Buch den Bibliothekaren gewidmet ist, stimmt tröstlich. Denn auf den Punkt gebracht, bedeutet sein Inhalt für unseren Berufsstand: Es kommt nicht mehr auf Euch an! Die Kernthese, die der Autor, ein bekannter Publizist zum Internet und Mitglied einer Harvard-Institution, in diesem Essay überaus anregend und mit vielen Beispielen gespickt ausführt, lautet: Dem Informationsüberfluss durch elektronische Dokumente kann nur noch durch noch mehr Information begegnet werden. ..." Weitere Rez. in JASIST 60(2009) no.6, S.1299-1300 (G Thornton). Vgl. für Rezensionen auch: http://www.everythingismiscellaneous.com/reviews/.

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Theme

Geschichte der Sacherschließung

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Content

Vgl. dazu auch die Forderungen der Open Knowledge Foundation (OKF), Katalogdaten grundsätzlich zur weiteren Nutzung freizugeben, unter: http://blog.wikimedia.de/2007/12/15/open-knowledge-foundation-fordert-freie-katalogdaten/.

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Theme

Geschichte der Sacherschließung

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Theme

Geschichte der Sacherschließung

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Footnote

Weitere Rez. in: ZfBB 52(2005) H.3/4, S.227-228 (K. Haller): " ... Im Mittelpunkt der Publikation steht das revidierte Statement of International Cataloguing Principles. Es wendet sich mit seinen Grundsätzen gleichermaßen an Bibliografien und Bibliothekskataloge sowie Datensammlungen in Archiven, Museen und dergleichen Einrichtungen. Terminologisch und inhaltlich geht das Statement von den Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) aus. Durch die Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records (FRANAR) werden die Normdateien und die Sacherschließung in das Statement eingebracht. Die FRBR sind ein theoretisches Modell, ein strategisches Dokument, in dem durch die Entitäten die logischen Zusammenhänge dargestellt und damit die notwendi ge Erschließungsqualität definiert wird. Es geht um klare Grundsätze für Wahl, Anzahl und Art der Suchbegriffe (access points) und deren Beziehungen. ... Insgesamt ist die Publikation sehr zu begrüßen und als Pflichtlektüre allen Verantwortlichen im Erschließungsbereich und dem in Ausbildung befindlichen Nachwuchs dringend zu empfehlen."

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Abstract

What links conscious experience of pain, joy, color, and smell to bioelectrical activity in the brain? How can anything physical give rise to nonphysical, subjective, conscious states? Christof Koch has devoted much of his career to bridging the seemingly unbridgeable gap between the physics of the brain and phenomenal experience. This engaging book?part scientific overview, part memoir, part futurist speculation?describes Koch's search for an empirical explanation for consciousness. Koch recounts not only the birth of the modern science of consciousness but also the subterranean motivation for his quest?his instinctual (if "romantic") belief that life is meaningful. Koch describes his own groundbreaking work with Francis Crick in the 1990s and 2000s and the gradual emergence of consciousness (once considered a "fringy" subject) as a legitimate topic for scientific investigation. Present at this paradigm shift were Koch and a handful of colleagues, including Ned Block, David Chalmers, Stanislas Dehaene, Giulio Tononi, Wolf Singer, and others. Aiding and abetting it were new techniques to listen in on the activity of individual nerve cells, clinical studies, and brain-imaging technologies that allowed safe and noninvasive study of the human brain in action. Koch gives us stories from the front lines of modern research into the neurobiology of consciousness as well as his own reflections on a variety of topics, including the distinction between attention and awareness, the unconscious, how neurons respond to Homer Simpson, the physics and biology of free will, dogs, Der Ring des Nibelungen, sentient machines, the loss of his belief in a personal God, and sadness. All of them are signposts in the pursuit of his life's work?to uncover the roots of consciousness

Content

In which I introduce the ancient mind-body problem, explain why I am on a quest to use reason and empirical inquiry to solve it, acquaint you with Francis Crick, explain how he relates to this quest, make a confession, and end on a sad note -- In which I write about the wellsprings of my inner conflict between religion and reason, why I grew up wanting to be a scientist, why I wear a lapel pin of Professor Calculus, and how I acquired a second mentor late in life -- In which I explain why consciousness challenges the scientific view of the world, how consciousness can be investigated empirically with both feet firmly planted on the ground, why animals share consciousness with humans, and why self-consciousness is not as important as many people think it is -- In which you hear tales of scientist-magicians that make you look but not see, how they track the footprints of consciousness by peering into your skull, why you don't see with your eyes, and why attention and consciousness are not the same -- In which you learn from neurologists and neurosurgeons that some neurons care a great deal about celebrities, that cutting the cerebral cortex in two does not reduce consciousness by half, that color is leached from the world by the loss of a small cortical region, and that the destruction of a sugar cube-sized chunk of brain stem or thalamic tissue leaves you undead -- In which I defend two propositions that my younger self found nonsense--you are unaware of most of the things that go on in your head, and zombie agents control much of your life, even though you confidently believe that you are in charge -- In which I throw caution to the wind, bring up free will, Der ring des Nibelungen, and what physics says about determinism, explain the impoverished ability of your mind to choose, show that your will lags behind your brain's decision, and that freedom is just another word for feeling -- In which I argue that consciousness is a fundamental property of complex things, rhapsodize about integrated information theory, how it explains many puzzling facts about consciousness and provides a blueprint for building sentient machines -- In which I outline an electromagnetic gadget to measure consciousness, describe efforts to harness the power of genetic engineering to track consciousness in mice, and find myself building cortical observatories -- In which I muse about final matters considered off-limits to polite scientific discourse: to wit, the relationship between science and religion, the existence of God, whether this God can intervene in the universe, the death of my mentor, and my recent tribulations.

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Content

German ISKO The German ISKO held its 10th conference in Vienna from July 3rd to 5th 2006-just before the International ISKO Conference. Main themes were Compatibility and Heterogeneity, Ethics and Future of Knowledge Organization. The program contained some English lessons and a tutorial on Ontologies. The German proceedings (Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation 10) will be published in 2007 by Ergon together with some remaining papers of the international conference. The next German conference will be held in November 2007 in Konstanz with a focus on sustainability. Jörn Sieglerschmidt will be the local organizer 2007 as well as the new German ISKO treasurer. - H. Peter OHLY Extensions and Corrections to the UDC, 28 (2006) The next issue of Extensions and Corrections (E&C), to be published by the end of 2006, will bring to the UDC community important revisions and additions to the schedule, notably an extensive revision of parts of the Area Table concerning some countries of east and southeast Asia and Africa, and the expansion of Class 2 for Islam, which provides a very rich structure and vocabulary for one of the main religions of the world, thus enhancing UDC in an important subject area of worldwide application. Through the contribution of VINITI's collaborators, it was also possible to advance revision work in the areas of Mathematics and Physics, also published in this vol ume. The ongoing work on a proposal for the revision of Class 61 Medicine continued to receive the expert attention of Professor Nancy Williamson, and this year a proposal for the digestive system is included in E&C. Finally, An Extended Table of Common Auxiliaries (Except Place), compiled by G. Robinson, is presented as a special Annex. Although this is not part of the UDC Master Reference File, it is intended as an authoritative source of all that is currently valid in Tables 1a to 1d and 1f to 1k, and including details from older editions, at the 'full' level, that have never been cancelled. This comes in the same line as the Extended Place Table (Table le) published last year, together with Extensions and Corrections 27 (2005). Additionally this issue will feature a set of articles of interest to classification experts and users. Topics include: an exploration in mapping the UDC to DDC, interfaces to classification and UDC application in online catalogs and information on a new editorial support system being developed for UDC.