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XV,415 S

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70 S. + CD-ROM

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 54(2003) no.10, S.982-983 (L. Schamber): "This book is the most recent of only about half a dozen research methods textbooks published for information science since 1980. Like the others, it is directed toward students and information professionals at an introductory level. Unlike the others, it describes an unusually wide variety of research methods, especially qualitative methods. This book is Australian, with a concern for human behavior in keeping with that country's reputation for research in the social sciences and development of qualitative data analysis software. The principal author is Kirsty Williamson, who wrote or co-wrote half the chapters. Eleven other authors contributed: Amanda Bow, Frada Burstein, Peta Darke, Ross Harvey, Graeme Johanson, Sue McKemmish, Majola Oosthuizen, Solveiga Saule, Don Schauder, Graeme Shanks, and Kerry Tanner. These writers, most of whom are affiliated with Monash University or Charles Sturt University, represent multidisciplinary and international backgrounds. The field they call information management and systems merges interests of information management or information studies (including librarianship, archives, and records management), and information systems, a subdiscipline of computing that focuses an information and communication technologies. The stated purpose of the book is to help information professionals become informed and critical consumers of research, not necessarily skilled researchers. It is geared toward explaining not only methodology, but also the philosophy, relevance, and process of research as a whole. The Introduction and Section 1 establish these themes. Chapter 1, an research and professional practice, explains the value of research for solving practical problems, maintaining effective Services, demonstrating accountability, and generally contributing to useful knowledge in the field. Chapter 2 an major research traditions presents a broad picture of positivist and interpretivist paradigms, along with a middle ground of post-positivism, in such a way as to help the new researcher grasp the assumptions underlying research. Woven into this Chapter is an explanation of how quantitative and qualitative methods complement each other, and how methodological triangulation provides confirmatory benefits. Chapter 3 offers instructions for beginning a research project, from development of the research problem, questions, and hypotheses to understanding the role of theory and synthesizing the literature review. Chapter 4 an research ethics covers unethical use of power positions by researchers, falsifying data, and plagiarism, along with general information an human subjects protections and roles of ethics committees. It includes intriguing examples of ethics cases to stimulate discussion.

Pages

352 S

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.1, S.90-91 (N. Rhodes): "The recent near-exponential increase in XML-based technologies has exposed a gap between these technologies and those that are concerned with more fundamental data management issues. This very comprehensive and well-organized book has quite neatly filled the gap, thus achieving most of its stated intentions. The target audiences are database and XML professionals wishing to combine XML with modern database technologies and such is the breadth of scope of this book (hat few would not find it useful in some way. The editors have assembled a collection of chapters from a wide selection of industry heavyweights and as with most books of this type, it exhibits many disparate styles but thanks to careful editing it reads well as a cohesive whole. Certain sections have already appeared in print elsewhere and there is a deal of corporate flag-waving but nowhere does it become over-intrusive. The preface provides only the very brietest of introductions to XML but instead sets the tone for the remainder of the book. The twin terms of data- and document-centric XML (Bourret, 2003) that have achieved so much recent currency are re-iterated before XML data management issues are considered. lt is here that the book's aims are stated, mostly concerned with the approaches and features of the various available XML data management solutions. Not surprisingly, in a specialized book such as this one an introduction to XML consists of a single chapter. For issues such as syntax, DTDs and XML Schemas the reader is referred elsewhere, here, Chris Brandin provides a practical guide to achieving good grammar and style and argues convincingly for the use of XML as an information-modeling tool. Using a well-chosen and simple example, a practical guide to modeling information is developed, replete with examples of the pitfalls. This brief but illuminating chapter (incidentally available as a "taster" from the publisher's web site) notes that one of the most promising aspects of XML is that applications can be built to use a single mutable information model, obviating the need to change the application code but that good XML design is the basis of such mutability.

Pages

641 S

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Footnote

Rez. in: Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis 57(2006) H.5, S.290-291 (C. Schindler): "Weniger als ein Jahr nach dem "Vierten Hildesheimer Evaluierungs- und Retrievalworkshop" (HIER 2005) im Juli 2005 ist der dazugehörige Tagungsband erschienen. Eingeladen hatte die Hildesheimer Informationswissenschaft um ihre Forschungsergebnisse und die einiger externer Experten zum Thema Information Retrieval einem Fachpublikum zu präsentieren und zur Diskussion zu stellen. Unter dem Titel "Effektive Information Retrieval Verfahren in Theorie und Praxis" sind nahezu sämtliche Beiträge des Workshops in dem nun erschienenen, 15 Beiträge umfassenden Band gesammelt. Mit dem Schwerpunkt Information Retrieval (IR) wird ein Teilgebiet der Informationswissenschaft vorgestellt, das schon immer im Zentrum informationswissenschaftlicher Forschung steht. Ob durch den Leistungsanstieg von Prozessoren und Speichermedien, durch die Verbreitung des Internet über nationale Grenzen hinweg oder durch den stetigen Anstieg der Wissensproduktion, festzuhalten ist, dass in einer zunehmend wechselseitig vernetzten Welt die Orientierung und das Auffinden von Dokumenten in großen Wissensbeständen zu einer zentralen Herausforderung geworden sind. Aktuelle Verfahrensweisen zu diesem Thema, dem Information Retrieval, präsentiert der neue Band anhand von praxisbezogenen Projekten und theoretischen Diskussionen. Das Kernthema Information Retrieval wird in dem Sammelband in die Bereiche Retrieval-Systeme, Digitale Bibliothek, Evaluierung und Multilinguale Systeme untergliedert. Die Artikel der einzelnen Sektionen sind insgesamt recht heterogen und bieten daher keine Überschneidungen inhaltlicher Art. Jedoch ist eine vollkommene thematische Abdeckung der unterschiedlichen Bereiche ebenfalls nicht gegeben, was bei der Präsentation von Forschungsergebnissen eines Institutes und seiner Kooperationspartner auch nur bedingt erwartet werden kann. So lässt sich sowohl in der Gliederung als auch in den einzelnen Beiträgen eine thematische Verdichtung erkennen, die das spezielle Profil und die Besonderheit der Hildesheimer Informationswissenschaft im Feld des Information Retrieval wiedergibt. Teil davon ist die mehrsprachige und interdisziplinäre Ausrichtung, die die Schnittstellen zwischen Informationswissenschaft, Sprachwissenschaft und Informatik in ihrer praxisbezogenen und internationalen Forschung fokussiert.

Pages

VIII, 244 S

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Footnote

Rez. in JASIST 54(2003) no.4, S.358-359 (D.O. Case): "Having recently written a chapter an theories applied in information-seeking research (Case, 2002), I was eager to read this issue of Library Trends devoted to "Current Theory." Once in hand I found the individual articles in the issue to be of widely varying quality, and the scope to be disappointingly narrow. A more accurate title might be "Some Articles about Theory, with Even More an Bibliometrics." Eight of the thirteen articles (not counting the Editor's brief introduction) are about quantifying the growth, quality and/or authorship of literature (mostly in the sciences, with one example from the humanities). Social and psychological theories are hardly mentioned-even though one of the articles claims that nearly half of all theory invoked in LIS emanates from the social sciences. The editor, SUNY Professor Emeritus William E. McGrath, claims that the first six articles are about theory, while the rest are original research that applies theory to some problem-a characterization that I find odd. Reading his Introduction provides some clues to the curious composition of this issue. McGrath states that only in "physics and other exact sciences" are definitions of theory "well understood" (p. 309)-a view I think most psychologists and sociologists would content-and restricts his own definition of theory to "an explanation for a quantifiable phenomenon" (p. 310). In his own chapter in the issue, "Explanation and Prediction," McGrath makes it clear that he holds out hope for a "unified theory of librarianship" that would resemble those regarding "fundamental forces in physics and astronomy." However, isn't it wishful thinking to hope for a physics-like theory to emerge from particular practices (e.g., citation) and settings (e.g., libraries) when broad generalizations do not easily accrue from observation of more basic human behaviors? Perhaps this is where the emphasis an documents, rather than people, entered into the choice of material for "Current Theory." Artifacts of human behavior, such as documents, are more amenable to prediction in ways that allow for the development of theorywitness Zipf's Principle of Least Effort, the Bradford Distribution, Lotka's Law, etc. I imagine that McGrath would say that "librarianship," at least, is more about materials than people. McGrath's own contribution to this issue emphasizes measures of libraries, books and journals. By citing exemplar studies, he makes it clear that much has been done to advance measurement of library operations, and he eloquently argues for an overarching view of the various library functions and their measures. But, we have all heard similar arguments before; other disciplines, in earlier times, have made the argument that a solid foundation of empirical observation had been laid down, which would lead inevitably to a grand theory of "X." McGrath admits that "some may say the vision [of a unified theory] is naive" (p. 367), but concludes that "It remains for researchers to tie the various level together more formally . . . in constructing a comprehensive unified theory of librarianship."

Source

Library trends. 50(2002) no.3, S.309-574

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.11, S.1025-1026 (D.E. Agosto): ""Did you ever feel as though the Internet has caused you to lose control of your library?" So begins the introduction to this volume of over 50 articles, essays, library policies, and other documents from a variety of sources, most of which are library journals aimed at practitioners. Volume editor Block has a long history of library service as well as an active career as an online journalist. From 1977 to 1999 she was the Associate Director of Public Services at the St. Ambrose University library in Davenport, Iowa. She was also a Fox News Online weekly columnist from 1998 to 2000. She currently writes for and publishes the weekly ezine Exlibris, which focuses an the use of computers, the Internet, and digital databases to improve library services. Despite the promising premise of this book, the final product is largely a disappointment because of the superficial coverage of its issues. A listing of the most frequently represented sources serves to express the general level and style of the entries: nine articles are reprinted from Computers in Libraries, five from Library Journal, four from Library Journal NetConnect, four from ExLibris, four from American Libraries, three from College & Research Libraries News, two from Online, and two from The Chronicle of Higher Education. Most of the authors included contributed only one item, although Roy Tennant (manager of the California Digital Library) authored three of the pieces, and Janet L. Balas (library information systems specialist at the Monroeville Public Library in Pennsylvania) and Karen G. Schneider (coordinator of lii.org, the Librarians' Index to the Internet) each wrote two. Volume editor Block herself wrote six of the entries, most of which have been reprinted from ExLibris. Reading the volume is muck like reading an issue of one of these journals-a pleasant experience that discusses issues in the field without presenting much research. Net Effects doesn't offer much in the way of theory or research, but then again it doesn't claim to. Instead, it claims to be an "idea book" (p. 5) with practical solutions to Internet-generated library problems. While the idea is a good one, little of the material is revolutionary or surprising (or even very creative), and most of the solutions offered will already be familiar to most of the book's intended audience.

Pages

xiii, 380 S

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