Search (43 results, page 1 of 3)

0.034731857 = product of:
  0.069463715 = sum of:
    0.069463715 = sum of:
      0.026563652 = weight(_text_:m in 987) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.026563652 = score(doc=987,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
            0.045757167 = queryNorm
          0.23329206 = fieldWeight in 987, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
            0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=987)
      0.005703276 = weight(_text_:a in 987) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.005703276 = score(doc=987,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.045757167 = queryNorm
          0.10809815 = fieldWeight in 987, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=987)
      0.037196785 = weight(_text_:22 in 987) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.037196785 = score(doc=987,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.1602338 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.045757167 = queryNorm
          0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 987, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=987)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

This book covers the basics of semantic web technologies and indexing languages, and describes their contribution to improve languages as a tool for subject queries and knowledge exploration. The book is relevant to information scientists, knowledge workers and indexers. It provides a suitable combination of theoretical foundations and practical applications.

Date

23. 7.2017 13:49:22

Type

m

0.024880055 = product of:
  0.04976011 = sum of:
    0.04976011 = product of:
      0.07464016 = sum of:
        0.02504445 = weight(_text_:m in 789) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.02504445 = score(doc=789,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.21994986 = fieldWeight in 789, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=789)
        0.049595714 = weight(_text_:22 in 789) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.049595714 = score(doc=789,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1602338 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 789, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=789)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

26. 7.2002 20:22:46

Type

m

0.024880055 = product of:
  0.04976011 = sum of:
    0.04976011 = product of:
      0.07464016 = sum of:
        0.02504445 = weight(_text_:m in 217) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.02504445 = score(doc=217,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.21994986 = fieldWeight in 217, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=217)
        0.049595714 = weight(_text_:22 in 217) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.049595714 = score(doc=217,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.1602338 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 217, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=217)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Date

22. 4.2007 10:07:51

Type

m

0.01532475 = product of:
  0.0306495 = sum of:
    0.0306495 = sum of:
      0.007826391 = weight(_text_:m in 1833) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.007826391 = score(doc=1833,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
            0.045757167 = queryNorm
          0.06873433 = fieldWeight in 1833, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
            0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=1833)
      0.0073244483 = weight(_text_:a in 1833) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0073244483 = score(doc=1833,freq=38.0), product of:
          0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.045757167 = queryNorm
          0.13882536 = fieldWeight in 1833, product of:
            6.164414 = tf(freq=38.0), with freq of:
              38.0 = termFreq=38.0
            1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
            0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=1833)
      0.0154986605 = weight(_text_:22 in 1833) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0154986605 = score(doc=1833,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.1602338 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.045757167 = queryNorm
          0.09672529 = fieldWeight in 1833, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=1833)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Content

Inhalt: Chapters 2 to 5: Scopes, Domains, and Display Media (pp. 47-102) Chapters 6 to 8: Documents, Analysis, and Indexing (pp. 103-176) Chapters 9 to 10: Exhaustivity and Specificity (pp. 177-196) Chapters 11 to 13: Displayed/Nondisplayed Indexes, Syntax, and Vocabulary Management (pp. 197-364) Chapters 14 to 16: Surrogation, Locators, and Surrogate Displays (pp. 365-390) Chapters 17 and 18: Arrangement and Size of Displayed Indexes (pp. 391-446) Chapters 19 to 21: Search Interface, Record Format, and Full-Text Display (pp. 447-536) Chapter 22: Implementation and Evaluation (pp. 537-541)

Footnote

Rez. in JASIST 57(2006) no.10, S.1412-1413 (R. W. White): "Information Retrieval Design is a textbook that aims to foster the intelligent user-centered design of databases for Information Retrieval (IR). The book outlines a comprehensive set of 20 factors. chosen based on prior research and the authors' experiences. that need to he considered during the design process. The authors provide designers with information on those factors to help optimize decision making. The book does not cover user-needs assessment, implementation of IR databases, or retries al systems, testing. or evaluation. Most textbooks in IR do not offer a substantive walkthrough of the design factors that need to be considered Mien des eloping IR databases. Instead. they focus on issues such as the implementation of data structures, the explanation of search algorithms, and the role of human-machine interaction in the search process. The book touches on all three, but its focus is on designing databases that can be searched effectively. not the tools to search them. This is an important distinction: despite its title. this book does not describe how to build retrieval systems. Professor Anderson utilizes his wealth of experience in cataloging and classification to bring a unique perspective on IR database design that may be useful for novices. for developers seeking to make sense of the design process, and for students as a text to supplement classroom tuition. The foreword and preface. by Jessica Milstead and James Anderson. respectively, are engaging and worthwhile reading. It is astounding that it has taken some 20 years for anyone to continue the stork of Milstead and write as extensively as Anderson does about such an important issue as IR database design. The remainder of the book is divided into two parts: Introduction and Background Issues and Design Decisions. Part 1 is a reasonable introduction and includes a glossary of the terminology that authors use in the book. It is very helpful to have these definitions early on. but the subject descriptors in the right margin are distracting and do not serve their purpose as access points to the text. The terminology is useful to have. as the authors definitions of concepts do not lit exactly with what is traditionally accepted in IR. For example. they use the term 'message' to icier to what would normally be called .'document" or "information object." and do not do a good job at distinguishing between "messages" and "documentary units". Part 2 describes components and attributes of 1R databases to help designers make design choices. The book provides them with information about the potential ramifications of their decisions and advocates a user-oriented approach to making them. Chapters are arranged in a seemingly sensible order based around these factors. and the authors remind us of the importance of integrating them. The authors are skilled at selecting the important factors in the development of seemingly complex entities, such as IR databases: how es er. the integration of these factors. or the interaction between them. is not handled as well as perhaps should be. Factors are presented in the order in which the authors feel then should be addressed. but there is no chapter describing how the factors interact. The authors miss an opportunity at the beginning of Part 2 where they could illustrate using a figure the interactions between the 20 factors they list in a way that is not possible with the linear structure of the book.
. . . Those interested in using the book to design IR databases can work through the chapters in the order provided and end up with a set of requirements for database design. The steps outlined in this book can be rearranged in numerous orders depending on the particular circumstances. This book would benefit from a discussion of what orders are appropriate for different circumstances and bow the requirements outlined interact. I come away from Information Retrieval Design with mixed, although mainly positive feelings. Even though the aims of this book are made clear from the outset, it was still a disappointment to see issues such as implementation and evaluation covered in only a cursory manner. The book is very well structured. well written, and operates in a part of the space that bas been neglected for too long. The authors whet my appetite with discussion of design, and I would have liked to have heard a bit more about what happens in requirements' elicitation before the design issues base been identified and to impIementation after they have been addressed. Overall, the book is a comprehensive review of previous research supplemented by the authors' views on IR design. This book focuses on breadth of coverage rather than depth of coverage and is therefore potentially of more use to novices in the field. The writing style is clear, and the authors knowledge of the subject area is undoubted. I wouId recommend this book to anyone who wants to learn about IR database design and take advantage of the experience and insights of Anderson, one of tile visionaries it the field."

Type

m

0.013603675 = product of:
  0.02720735 = sum of:
    0.02720735 = product of:
      0.040811025 = sum of:
        0.031305563 = weight(_text_:m in 662) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.031305563 = score(doc=662,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.27493733 = fieldWeight in 662, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=662)
        0.00950546 = weight(_text_:a in 662) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.00950546 = score(doc=662,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.18016359 = fieldWeight in 662, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=662)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Type

m

0.013598434 = product of:
  0.027196867 = sum of:
    0.027196867 = product of:
      0.0407953 = sum of:
        0.0354182 = weight(_text_:m in 831) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0354182 = score(doc=831,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.31105608 = fieldWeight in 831, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=831)
        0.0053771 = weight(_text_:a in 831) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0053771 = score(doc=831,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.10191591 = fieldWeight in 831, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=831)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

"Buckland provides the forst straightforward text that deals with defining the terms, the systems, and some of the fundamental issues in an intelligent, comprehensive, non-technical manner ... a valuable library school text"

Type

m

0.012675646 = product of:
  0.025351292 = sum of:
    0.025351292 = product of:
      0.038026936 = sum of:
        0.031305563 = weight(_text_:m in 4593) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.031305563 = score(doc=4593,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.27493733 = fieldWeight in 4593, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4593)
        0.0067213746 = weight(_text_:a in 4593) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0067213746 = score(doc=4593,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.12739488 = fieldWeight in 4593, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4593)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Type

m

0.011094173 = product of:
  0.022188347 = sum of:
    0.022188347 = product of:
      0.03328252 = sum of:
        0.022136377 = weight(_text_:m in 4998) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.022136377 = score(doc=4998,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.19441006 = fieldWeight in 4998, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4998)
        0.01114614 = weight(_text_:a in 4998) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.01114614 = score(doc=4998,freq=22.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.21126054 = fieldWeight in 4998, product of:
              4.690416 = tf(freq=22.0), with freq of:
                22.0 = termFreq=22.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4998)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

Documents usually have a content and a structure. The content refers to the text of the document, whereas the structure refers to how a document is logically organized. An increasingly common way to encode the structure is through the use of a mark-up language. Nowadays, the most widely used mark-up language for representing structure is the eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML). XML can be used to provide a focused access to documents, i.e. returning XML elements, such as sections and paragraphs, instead of whole documents in response to a query. Such focused strategies are of particular benefit for information repositories containing long documents, or documents covering a wide variety of topics, where users are directed to the most relevant content within a document. The increased adoption of XML to represent a document structure requires the development of tools to effectively access documents marked-up in XML. This book provides a detailed description of query languages, indexing strategies, ranking algorithms, presentation scenarios developed to access XML documents. Major advances in XML retrieval were seen from 2002 as a result of INEX, the Initiative for Evaluation of XML Retrieval. INEX, also described in this book, provided test sets for evaluating XML retrieval effectiveness. Many of the developments and results described in this book were investigated within INEX.

Type

m

0.010811503 = product of:
  0.021623006 = sum of:
    0.021623006 = product of:
      0.03243451 = sum of:
        0.021913894 = weight(_text_:m in 765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.021913894 = score(doc=765,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.19245613 = fieldWeight in 765, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=765)
        0.010520617 = weight(_text_:a in 765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.010520617 = score(doc=765,freq=10.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.19940455 = fieldWeight in 765, product of:
              3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                10.0 = termFreq=10.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=765)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

The future of reference librarianship as a viable part of the library depends on developing a proactive, participatory approach to automation. Aims to pull together and explain the important elements of change likely to influence library information services. Reviews some of the ways various schools of thought look at library information and communication. Focuses on information, its relationship to the library, and its rate of growth. Discusses the dynamics of communications as a process and examines it vis-a-vis the library

Type

m

0.010198826 = product of:
  0.020397652 = sum of:
    0.020397652 = product of:
      0.030596476 = sum of:
        0.026563652 = weight(_text_:m in 6860) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.026563652 = score(doc=6860,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.23329206 = fieldWeight in 6860, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6860)
        0.004032825 = weight(_text_:a in 6860) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.004032825 = score(doc=6860,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.07643694 = fieldWeight in 6860, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6860)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Content

Enthält die Beiträge: CROFT, W.B.: Combining approaches to information retrieval; GREIFF, W.R.: The use of exploratory data analysis in information retrieval research; PONTE, J.M.: Language models for relevance feedback; PAPKA, R. u. J. ALLAN: Topic detection and tracking: event clustering as a basis for first story detection; CALLAN, J.: Distributed information retrieval; XU, J. u. W.B. CROFT: Topic-based language models for ditributed retrieval; LU, Z. u. K.S. McKINLEY: The effect of collection organization and query locality on information retrieval system performance; BALLESTEROS, L.A.: Cross-language retrieval via transitive translation; SANDERSON, M. u. D. LAWRIE: Building, testing, and applying concept hierarchies; RAVELA, S. u. C. LUO: Appearance-based global similarity retrieval of images

Type

m

0.010140518 = product of:
  0.020281035 = sum of:
    0.020281035 = product of:
      0.030421551 = sum of:
        0.02504445 = weight(_text_:m in 764) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.02504445 = score(doc=764,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.21994986 = fieldWeight in 764, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=764)
        0.0053771 = weight(_text_:a in 764) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0053771 = score(doc=764,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.10191591 = fieldWeight in 764, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=764)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

"Ingwersen defines IR interaction as the interactive communication processes that occur between the use, the intermediary (machine or human) and the IR system (text or database). The cognitive viewpoint takes into account the variety of states of knowledge associated with these major participants and thus allows a holistic treatment."

Type

m

0.010140518 = product of:
  0.020281035 = sum of:
    0.020281035 = product of:
      0.030421551 = sum of:
        0.02504445 = weight(_text_:m in 820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.02504445 = score(doc=820,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.21994986 = fieldWeight in 820, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=820)
        0.0053771 = weight(_text_:a in 820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0053771 = score(doc=820,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.10191591 = fieldWeight in 820, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=820)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

Based on the author's 1984 dissertation, this technical and detailed volume looks at problems related to control of terms used in searching among a variety of databases

Type

m

0.0089496635 = product of:
  0.017899327 = sum of:
    0.017899327 = product of:
      0.026848989 = sum of:
        0.018783338 = weight(_text_:m in 4985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.018783338 = score(doc=4985,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.1649624 = fieldWeight in 4985, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4985)
        0.00806565 = weight(_text_:a in 4985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.00806565 = score(doc=4985,freq=8.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.15287387 = fieldWeight in 4985, product of:
              2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                8.0 = termFreq=8.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4985)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Content

Inhalt: The importance of information need -- The history of information need -- The framework for our discussion -- Modeling the user in information search -- Information seeking's conceptualization of information need during information search -- Information use -- Adaptation : internal information flows and knowledge generation -- A theory of information need -- How information need works -- The user's situation in the pre-focus search -- The situation of user's information need in pre-focus information search -- The selection concept -- A review of the user's pre-focus information search -- How information need works in a focusing search -- Circles 1 to 5 : how information need works -- Corroborating research -- Applying information need -- The astrolabe : an information system for stage 3 information exploration -- Conclusion.

Type

m

0.008872952 = product of:
  0.017745905 = sum of:
    0.017745905 = product of:
      0.026618857 = sum of:
        0.021913894 = weight(_text_:m in 863) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.021913894 = score(doc=863,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.19245613 = fieldWeight in 863, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=863)
        0.0047049625 = weight(_text_:a in 863) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0047049625 = score(doc=863,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.089176424 = fieldWeight in 863, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=863)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Type

m

0.008831704 = product of:
  0.017663408 = sum of:
    0.017663408 = product of:
      0.02649511 = sum of:
        0.019170662 = weight(_text_:m in 357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.019170662 = score(doc=357,freq=12.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.16836403 = fieldWeight in 357, product of:
              3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
                12.0 = termFreq=12.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=357)
        0.0073244483 = weight(_text_:a in 357) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0073244483 = score(doc=357,freq=38.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.13882536 = fieldWeight in 357, product of:
              6.164414 = tf(freq=38.0), with freq of:
                38.0 = termFreq=38.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=357)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

The main goal of this book is to transfer new research results from the fields of advanced computer sciences and information science to the design of new search engines. The readers will have a better idea of the new trends in applied research. The achievement of relevant, organized, sorted, and workable answers- to name but a few - from a search is becoming a daily need for enterprises and organizations, and, to a greater extent, for anyone. It does not consist of getting access to structural information as in standard databases; nor does it consist of searching information strictly by way of a combination of key words. It goes far beyond that. Whatever its modality, the information sought should be identified by the topics it contains, that is to say by its textual, audio, video or graphical contents. This is not a new issue. However, recent technological advances have completely changed the techniques being used. New Web technologies, the emergence of Intranet systems and the abundance of information on the Internet have created the need for efficient search and information access tools.
Recent technological progress in computer science, Web technologies, and constantly evolving information available on the Internet has drastically changed the landscape of search and access to information. Web search has significantly evolved in recent years. In the beginning, web search engines such as Google and Yahoo! were only providing search service over text documents. Aggregated search was one of the first steps to go beyond text search, and was the beginning of a new era for information seeking and retrieval. These days, new web search engines support aggregated search over a number of vertices, and blend different types of documents (e.g., images, videos) in their search results. New search engines employ advanced techniques involving machine learning, computational linguistics and psychology, user interaction and modeling, information visualization, Web engineering, artificial intelligence, distributed systems, social networks, statistical analysis, semantic analysis, and technologies over query sessions. Documents no longer exist on their own; they are connected to other documents, they are associated with users and their position in a social network, and they can be mapped onto a variety of ontologies. Similarly, retrieval tasks have become more interactive and are solidly embedded in a user's geospatial, social, and historical context. It is conjectured that new breakthroughs in information retrieval will not come from smarter algorithms that better exploit existing information sources, but from new retrieval algorithms that can intelligently use and combine new sources of contextual metadata.
With the rapid growth of web-based applications, such as search engines, Facebook, and Twitter, the development of effective and personalized information retrieval techniques and of user interfaces is essential. The amount of shared information and of social networks has also considerably grown, requiring metadata for new sources of information, like Wikipedia and ODP. These metadata have to provide classification information for a wide range of topics, as well as for social networking sites like Twitter, and Facebook, each of which provides additional preferences, tagging information and social contexts. Due to the explosion of social networks and other metadata sources, it is an opportune time to identify ways to exploit such metadata in IR tasks such as user modeling, query understanding, and personalization, to name a few. Although the use of traditional metadata such as html text, web page titles, and anchor text is fairly well-understood, the use of category information, user behavior data, and geographical information is just beginning to be studied. This book is intended for scientists and decision-makers who wish to gain working knowledge about search engines in order to evaluate available solutions and to dialogue with software and data providers.

Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Das, A., A. Jain: Indexing the World Wide Web: the journey so far. Ke, W.: Decentralized search and the clustering paradox in large scale information networks. Roux, M.: Metadata for search engines: what can be learned from e-Sciences? Fluhr, C.: Crosslingual access to photo databases. Djioua, B., J.-P. Desclés u. M. Alrahabi: Searching and mining with semantic categories. Ghorbel, H., A. Bahri u. R. Bouaziz: Fuzzy ontologies building platform for Semantic Web: FOB platform. Lassalle, E., E. Lassalle: Semantic models in information retrieval. Berry, M.W., R. Esau u. B. Kiefer: The use of text mining techniques in electronic discovery for legal matters. Sleem-Amer, M., I. Bigorgne u. S. Brizard u.a.: Intelligent semantic search engines for opinion and sentiment mining. Hoeber, O.: Human-centred Web search.
Vert, S.: Extensions of Web browsers useful to knowledge workers. Chen, L.-C.: Next generation search engine for the result clustering technology. Biskri, I., L. Rompré: Using association rules for query reformulation. Habernal, I., M. Konopík u. O. Rohlík: Question answering. Grau, B.: Finding answers to questions, in text collections or Web, in open domain or specialty domains. Berri, J., R. Benlamri: Context-aware mobile search engine. Bouidghaghen, O., L. Tamine: Spatio-temporal based personalization for mobile search. Chaudiron, S., M. Ihadjadene: Studying Web search engines from a user perspective: key concepts and main approaches. Karaman, F.: Artificial intelligence enabled search engines (AIESE) and the implications. Lewandowski, D.: A framework for evaluating the retrieval effectiveness of search engines.

Type

m

0.008589465 = product of:
  0.01717893 = sum of:
    0.01717893 = product of:
      0.025768396 = sum of:
        0.018783338 = weight(_text_:m in 1322) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.018783338 = score(doc=1322,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.1649624 = fieldWeight in 1322, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1322)
        0.006985058 = weight(_text_:a in 1322) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.006985058 = score(doc=1322,freq=6.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.13239266 = fieldWeight in 1322, product of:
              2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                6.0 = termFreq=6.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1322)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

Powering search offers a clear and comprehensive treatment of the role of thesauri in search user interfaces across a range of information search and retrieval systems - from bibliographic and full-text databases to digital libraries, portals, open archives, and content management systems.

Type

m

0.008162205 = product of:
  0.01632441 = sum of:
    0.01632441 = product of:
      0.024486614 = sum of:
        0.018783338 = weight(_text_:m in 2605) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.018783338 = score(doc=2605,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.1649624 = fieldWeight in 2605, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2605)
        0.005703276 = weight(_text_:a in 2605) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.005703276 = score(doc=2605,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.10809815 = fieldWeight in 2605, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2605)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

For introductory information retrieval courses at the undergraduate and graduate level in computer science, information science and computer engineering departments. Written by a leader in the field of information retrieval, Search Engines: Information Retrieval in Practice, is designed to give undergraduate students the understanding and tools they need to evaluate, compare and modify search engines. Coverage of the underlying IR and mathematical models reinforce key concepts. The book's numerous programming exercises make extensive use of Galago, a Java-based open source search engine. SUPPLEMENTS / Extensive lecture slides (in PDF and PPT format) / Solutions to selected end of chapter problems (Instructors only) / Test collections for exercises / Galago search engine

Type

m

0.007644979 = product of:
  0.015289958 = sum of:
    0.015289958 = product of:
      0.022934936 = sum of:
        0.012522225 = weight(_text_:m in 4999) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.012522225 = score(doc=4999,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.10997493 = fieldWeight in 4999, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4999)
        0.01041271 = weight(_text_:a in 4999) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.01041271 = score(doc=4999,freq=30.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.19735932 = fieldWeight in 4999, product of:
              5.477226 = tf(freq=30.0), with freq of:
                30.0 = termFreq=30.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4999)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

Let us start with a simple scenario: a man asks a woman "how high is Mount Everest?" The woman replies "29,029 feet." Nothing could be simpler. Now let us suppose that rather than standing in a room, or sitting on a bus, the man is at his desk and the woman is 300 miles away with the conversation taking place using e-mail. Still simple? Certainly--it happens every day. So why all the bother about digital (virtual, electronic, chat, etc.) reference? If the man is a pilot flying over Mount Everest, the answer matters. If you are a lawyer going to court, the identity of the woman is very important. Also, if you ever want to find the answer again, how that transaction took place matters a lot. Digital reference is a deceptively simple concept on its face: "the incorporation of human expertise into the information system." This lecture seeks to explore the question of how human expertise is incorporated into a variety of information systems, from libraries, to digital libraries, to information retrieval engines, to knowledge bases. What we learn through this endeavor, begun primarily in the library context, is that the models, methods, standards, and experiments in digital reference have wide applicability. We also catch a glimpse of an unfolding future in which ubiquitous computing makes the identification, interaction, and capture of expertise increasingly important. It is a future that is much more complex than we had anticipated. It is a future in which documents and artifacts are less important than the contexts of their creation and use.

Content

Table of Contents: Defining Reference in a Digital Age / Conversations / Digital Reference in Practice / Digital Reference an a New Future / Conclusion

Type

m

0.0073787924 = product of:
  0.014757585 = sum of:
    0.014757585 = product of:
      0.044272754 = sum of:
        0.044272754 = weight(_text_:m in 497) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.044272754 = score(doc=497,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.3888201 = fieldWeight in 497, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=497)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Type

m

0.0072785458 = product of:
  0.0145570915 = sum of:
    0.0145570915 = product of:
      0.021835636 = sum of:
        0.012522225 = weight(_text_:m in 158) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.012522225 = score(doc=158,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.11386436 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.10997493 = fieldWeight in 158, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.4884486 = idf(docFreq=9980, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=158)
        0.009313411 = weight(_text_:a in 158) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.009313411 = score(doc=158,freq=24.0), product of:
            0.05276016 = queryWeight, product of:
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045757167 = queryNorm
            0.17652355 = fieldWeight in 158, product of:
              4.8989797 = tf(freq=24.0), with freq of:
                24.0 = termFreq=24.0
              1.153047 = idf(docFreq=37942, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=158)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)

Abstract

This book contributes to discussions within Information Retrieval and Science (IR&S) by improving our conceptual understanding of the relationship between humans and technology. A call to redirect the intellectual focus of information retrieval and science (IR&S) toward the phenomenon of technology-mediated experience. In this book, Sachi Arafat and Elham Ashoori issue a call to reorient the intellectual focus of information retrieval and science (IR&S) away from search and related processes toward the more general phenomenon of technology-mediated experience. Technology-mediated experience accounts for an increasing proportion of human lived experience; the phenomenon of mediation gets at the heart of the human-machine relationship. Framing IR&S more broadly in this way generalizes its problems and perspectives, dovetailing them with those shared across disciplines dealing with socio-technical phenomena. This reorientation of IR&S requires imagining it as a new kind of science: a science of technology-mediated experience (STME). Arafat and Ashoori not only offer detailed analysis of the foundational concepts underlying IR&S and other technical disciplines but also boldly call for a radical, systematic appropriation of the sciences and humanities to create a better understanding of the human-technology relationship. Arafat and Ashoori discuss the notion of progress in IR&S and consider ideas of progress from the history and philosophy of science. They argue that progress in IR&S requires explicit linking between technical and nontechnical aspects of discourse. They develop a network of basic questions and present a discursive framework for addressing these questions. With this book, Arafat and Ashoori provide both a manifesto for the reimagining of their field and the foundations on which a reframed IR&S would rest.

Content

The embedding of the foundational in the adhoc -- Notions of progress in information retrieval -- From growth to progress I : methodology for understanding progress -- From growth to progress II : the network of discourse -- Basic questions characterising foundations discourse -- Enduring nature of foundations -- Foundations as the way to the authoritative against the authoritarian : a conclusion

Type

m