Dole, J.A.; Sinatra, G.M.: Reconceptualizing change in the cognitive construction of knowledge (1989)
0.00
0.004454254 = product of:
0.008908508 = sum of:
0.008908508 = product of:
0.017817017 = sum of:
0.017817017 = weight(_text_:j in 2632) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.017817017 = score(doc=2632,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14500295 = queryWeight, product of:
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.045634337 = queryNorm
0.12287348 = fieldWeight in 2632, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.1774964 = idf(docFreq=5010, maxDocs=44218)
0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=2632)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- A major contribution of cognitive psychology has been the conceptualization of knowledge as memory representations in the form of scripts, frames, or schemata (Anderson & Pearson, 1984; Rumelhart & Ortony, 1977; Shank & Abelson, 1977; Spiro, 1980). Schemata are defined as "packets of integrated information on various topics" (Hunt, 1993 , p.530). Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, cognitive psychologists were interested in describing the nature of these packets of information. Spiro (1980 ) demonstrated the constructive and complex nature of schemata and highlighted contextual factors--including tasks, texts, and situational contexts--that influenced how knowledge is organized in memory. Recently, cognitive researchers have come to view knowledge and schemata as multidimensional (Jetton, Rupley, & Willson, 1995). For example, researchers have differentiated novice and experts' knowledge structures in subject-matter domains (Chase & Simon, 1973; Chi, Glaser, & Rees, 1982; Larkin, McDermott, Simon, & Simon, 1981; Voss, Greene, Post, & Penner, 1983). Researchers have examined discourse knowledge--knowledge about language and how it works (McCutchen, 1986). Another aspect of knowledge that has been extensively studied is strategic knowledge--knowledge about procedures for accomplishing a goal or task (Alexander & Judy, 1988; J. R. Anderson, 1983a; Prawat, 1989).
