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  • × theme_ss:"Biographische Darstellungen"
  1. Samulowitz, H.: Henri Marie La Fontaine (2004) 0.07 
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    Content
    "Am 22. April jährte sich zum 150. Mal der Geburtstag von Henri Marie La Fontaine (1854-1943) aus Brüssel, einem der bedeutendsten europäischen Friedensaktivisten aus der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts, 1913 ausgezeichnet mit dem Friedensnobelpreis. Den Veteranen der Dokumentationsbewegung wird der Name auch heute noch etwas sagen, waren es doch La Fontaine und sein Freund Paul Otlet, die 1892 das Office International de Bibliographie (OIB) gründeten; getragen von der Idee einer weltweiten universalen Gesamtdokumentation. Mit der Anerkennung des OIB durch die belgische Regierung und der Gründung des Institut International de Bibliographie (IIB) im gleichen Jahr nimmt die moderne Dokumentationsbewegung ihren Lauf. Aus dem IIB wird 1931 das Institut International de Documentation (IID) und 1937 die Fédération Internationale de Documentation (FID); die Dezimalklassifikation (DK) wird zum Ordnungssystem der Universaldokumentation erklärt. Die Anerkennung und Förderung durch die belgische Regierung hatte einen realen Hintergrund. La Fontaine war seit 1894 sozialistischer Abgeordneter im belgischen Parlament - seit 1893 auch Professor für Internationales Recht in Brüssel - und hatte sich schon als junger Anwalt kompromisslos mit Fragen der Friedenserhaltung befasst. Es war nur folgerichtig, dass er zu der Erkenntnis gelangte, dass Dokumentation -und damit Information-ein notweniges und damit unverzichtbares Werkzeug zur Völkerverständigung ist. Die Beschäftigung mit der Dokumentation hat aber auch auf seine internationalen Aktivitäten zurückgewirkt. So ist die Idee zur Gründung einer Union der internationalen Organisationen (1907) bei seiner Arbeit im IIB entstanden, das "Yearbook of International Organizations" ist eine Folge davon. La Fontaine war ein überaus vielseitiger Politiker und Jurist. Die Liste seiner Interessen ist lang: Präsident des Internationalen Friedensbüros von 1907 bis an sein Lebensende, belgischer Delegierter bei Friedenskonferenzen; er befasste sich mit Fragen der Abrüstung, der Gründung eines Zusammenschlusses der Nationalstaaten wie der eines Weltgerichtshofs. Und nicht zuletzt setzte er sich für die Rechte der Frauen und den Achtstundenarbeitstag ein. Er war im wahrsten Sinne ein Initiator auf vielen Gebieten. Dass La Fontaine vergessen wurde, hat sicher viele Gründe: Viele seiner Ideen sind heute banale Wirklichkeit. Während der Zeit des nationalsozialistischen Regimes, in der sich die Dokumentation in Deutschland weitgehend formierte und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentation 1941 entstand, war er eine Unperson, deren Namen man nicht nannte. Und schließlich: Dokumentation war für ihn nur ein Werkzeug, weder Ideologie, noch Wissenschaft, noch Geschäft, es lohnt sich, daran zu erinnern."
    Type
    a
  2. Schön, J.: Zum Gedenken an Paul Otlet : 1868-1944 (1968) 0.04 
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    Source
    DK-Mitteilungen. 13(1968) Nr.6, S.21-22
    Type
    a
  3. Guedj, D.: Nicholas Bourbaki, collective mathematician : an interview with Clause Chevalley (1985) 0.04 
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    Source
    Mathematical intelligencer. 7(1985), S.18-22
    Type
    a
  4. Knorz, G.: Nachruf für Gerhard Lustig (1993) 0.04 
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    Date
    22. 1.2016 19:11:37
    Type
    a
  5. Senechal, M.: ¬The continuing silence of Bourbaki : an interview with Pierre Cartier, June 18, 1997 (1998) 0.03 
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    Source
    Mathematical intelligencer. 20(1998) no.1, S.22-28
    Type
    a
  6. Robertson, S.; Tait, J.: In Memoriam Karen Sparck Jones (2007) 0.03 
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    Date
    26.12.2007 14:22:47
    Type
    a
  7. Rolland-Thomas, P.; Myall, C.: ¬An interview with Paule Rolland-Thomas (1998) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Reports on an interview with Paule Rolland-Thomas, library educator, classificationist and editor of the Règles de catalogage anglo-americaines
    Footnote
    Articles included in an issue devoted to part 2 of a 2 part series celebrating people who have been leaders in the field of cataloguing and classification
    Type
    a
  8. Hanuschek, S.: Gottes sinnlicher Maschinist : Uwe Schultz' Biografie des Philosophen und Langschläfers René Descartes (2001) 0.03 
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    Content
    Von Descartes speziell wissen wir, dass er ein großer Schläfer vor dem Herrn war, stolz auf seine zehn Stunden Bettruhe am Tag, der vor dem Aufstehen um elf gern nachgedacht hat. Von etwas schwächlicher Konstitution, hielt er sich gern im Wintermantel in überheizten Räumen am Kamin auf, die meiste Zeit seines Lebens in den Niederlanden. Der Mann war 30 seiner 54 Lebensjahre von Krieg umgeben, ein unabhängiger katholischer Adliger in einer für den Einzelnen kaum durchdringliehen Zeit von Religionskriegen und Inquisition. Gegen die Verwirrnis suchte Descartes nach einer neuen Gewissheit im Discours de la Methode (1637), eine Scheinautobiografie, die zeigen sollte, wie man sich mit dem Verstand einen Weg durchs Chaos bahnen kann: Philosophie als undogmatische, durch Introspektion nachvollziehbare Lebenshilfe, nicht als Weltflucht. Uwe Schultz hat seine frankophile Renaissance-Begeisterung schon einige Male niedergeschrieben, vorzugsweise über Montaigne. Nun hat er eine voluminöse Descartes-Biografie vorgelegt, die über große Strecken eine reine Werkbiografie ist. Schultz berichtet ein paar sozialgeschichtliche Zusammenhänge - Reisen im frühen 17. Jahrhundert, die Finanzen von Adligen -, die wenigen biografischen Details, die über Descartes bekannt oder erschließbar sind, die Freundschaften des Philosophen. Gelegentlich gibt es nichts zu berichten - da erzählt Schultz Pariser Hofintrigen, von denen "sich Descartes offensichtlich fern" hielt, und zieht manchen trivialen psychologischen Schluss. Immerhin hat er eine veritable Intrige mit Mord und gefährlichen Liebschaften zu bieten, in die die Pfalzgräfin Elisabeth verwickelt war, eine Freundin Descartes'. Nun ist die Quellenlage bei Lebensläufen vor 1800 ein eigen Ding, aber Schultz hat sich für ein Buch dieses Umfangs auch einiges entgehen lassen, etwa den Kometenstreit oder den manifesten RosenkreutzerEinfluss auf Descartes' berühmte Erweckungs-Träume. Und er hat es fertig gebracht, ein Buch über den Schöpfer der ersten allgemeinen und bewussten Methode ohne eine einzige Bemerkung zur eigenen Methode, zu Einschränkungen und Lücken zu verfassen.
    Source
    Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.125 vom 31.5.2001, S.22
    Type
    a
  9. Sales, R. de; Martínez-Ávila, D.; Chaves Guimarães, J.A.: James Duff Brown : a librarian committed to the public library and the subject classification (2021) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    After two decades in the 21st Century, and despite all the advances in the area, some very important names from past centuries still do not have the recognition they deserve in the global history of library and information science and, specifically, of knowledge organization. Although acknowledged in British librarianship, the name of James Duff Brown (1862-1914) still does not have a proper recognition on a global scale. His contributions to a free and more democratic library had a prominent place in the works and projects he developed during his time at the libraries of Clerkenwell and Islington in London. Free access to the library shelves, an architecture centered on books and people, and classifications that are more dynamic were dreams fulfilled by Brown. With this biographical article, we hope to live up to his legacy and pay homage to a true librarian and an advocate of the public library and subject classification.
    Type
    a
  10. Garfield, E.; Stock, W.G.: Citation Consciousness : Interview with Eugene Garfiels, chairman emeritus of ISI; Philadelphia (2002) 0.02 
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    Source
    Password. 2002, H.6, S.22-25
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  11. Garfield, E.: Recollections of Irving H. Sher 1924-1996 : Polymath/information scientist extraordinaire (2001) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Over a 35-year period, Irving H. Sher played a critical role in the development and implementation of the Science Citation Index and other ISI products. Trained as a biochemist, statistician, and linguist, Sher brought a unique combination of talents to ISI as Director of Quality Control and Director of Research and Development. His talents as a teacher and mentor evoked loyalty. He was a particularly inventive but self-taught programmer. In addition to the SCI, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts and Humanities Citation Index,
    Date
    16.12.2001 14:01:22
    Type
    a
  12. Levie, F.: ¬L' Homme qui voulait classer le monde : Paul Otlet et le Mundaneum (2006) 0.02 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: KO 33(2006) no.2, S. 120-121 (S. Ducheyne): "To the readers of this journal the founding founder of bibliography and information science, the Belgian Paul Otlet (1868-1944), ground-layer of the Universal Decimal Classification, anticipator of multimedia, virtual libraries, and the Internet, and co-inventor of the microfilm or, as it was originally called, "le Bibliophote" (p. 107) (an achievement he shares together with Robert Goldschmidt), scarcely needs introduction. Françoise Levie's new biography of Otlet embodies the research she has started with the production of the documentary of the same name (Sofidoc, 2002, 60 min.). It is impossible to give a chapter-bychapter overview of this informatively dense and beautifully illustrated book, which consists of twenty chapters, a concluding piece by Benoît Peeters, a very useful list and description of the pivotal figures in Otlet's life, and a list containing the locations of the sources consulted (an index is, unfortunately, not provided). I will therefore restrict myself by pointing to Levie's innovative contributions to our knowledge of Otlet and to topics that are of genuine interest to the readers of this journal. Levie's book is the result of a fascinating, worldwide quest into the remains of Otlet's work and his international connections. Ever since W Boyd Rayward's monumental 1975 The Universe of Information: The Work of Paul Otlet for Documentation and International Organization (Moscow: VINITI), this book is the second systematic survey of the Collections of the Mundaneum (now, after various peregrinations, preserved at Bergen/Mons, Belgium) (cf. pp. 339-340), which contains Otlet's private documents, the "Otletaneum". Sixty-eight unopened banana boxes were the main source of inspirations for Levie's research. Of special interest in this respect is Levie's discovery of Otlet's 1916 diary "le Cahier Blue". As these boxes were, at the time Levie conducted her research, not classified and as they were thereafter re-divided and re-classified, precise references to this collection are not provided and the text is simply quoted during the course of the book (p. 339). While this is perfectly understandable, I would have welcomed exact references to Otlet's main works such as, for instance, Traité de documentation and Monde, Essai d'universalisme which are also quoted without supplying further details.
    Levie's focus is not exclusively on Otlet's contributions to bibliography and information science per se, but aims at offering a very complete, chronological overview of the life and work of Paul Otlet. Levie succeeds very well at documenting Otlet's personal and familial life, and offers ample socio-historical and political contextualisation of Otlet's activities (e.g. the interaction between Otlet's internationalist endeavours and the expansionist politics of King Leopold II (p. 59), and Otlet's ardent pacifism during World War I are relevantly highlighted (pp. 161176)). Levie begins by exploring Otlet's childhood days and by bringing into perspective some of the traits which are relevant to understand his later work. She shows how his father Edouard, an internationally active railway contractor, awoke a mondial awareness in the young Otlet (pp. 20-21) and how his encyclopaedic spirit for the first time found expression in a systematic inventory of the small Mediterranean isle his father bought (L'île du Levant, 1882) (p. 31). From the age of 16 Otlet suffered from a disorder of his literal memory (Otlet's personal testimony in the Cahier Blue, on p. 47), which might perhaps explain his lifelong obsession with completeness and accuracy. Of special interest to the readers of this journal are chapter 4, in which Otlet's and Henri Lafontaine's adaptation of Melvil Dewey's Decimal Classification and the origin of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) is discussed in extenso (pp. 5170; also see chapter 6, p. 98 for Otlet's attempt at a universal iconographical index) and chapter 17, in which Traité de documentation (1934) is presented
    (pp. 267-277). In chapter 5 (pp. 75-89), Levie discusses Otlet's interest in urbanism (also see, p. 147 ff) and recounts how in Westende he built from scratch a complete coastal village, a kind of miniutopia, in close collaboration with the architects Octave Van Rysselberghe and Henry Van de Velde (unfortunately, it was destroyed in 1914). In close connection to their pacifist ideals, Otlet and his Nobelprize winning co-worker Lafontaine sought to realize a World City and in 1911 saw their ambitions shared by the joint work of the French architect Ernest Hébrard and the American-Norwegian sculptor Hendrik Anderson (pp. 128-141). Later, in the late 1920s, Otlet joined forces with Le Corbusier to establish such a world-centre (pp. 229-247, a 1930 letter of Le Corbusier to Otlet on this matter is reproduced on pages 234-235). In his later moments of desperation, Otlet called on virtually every major political leader, including Mussolini, Franco, and Hitler to achieve this goal (pp. 217-218, p. 294). In these chapters related to architecture, Levie draws extensively on previously unstudied correspondence and adds much detail to our knowledge of Otlet's explorations in this area. In several other chapters, Levie documents in great detail the less unknown rise and downfall of Otlet's "Mondial Palace" (which was inaugurated in 1919) (chapters 12-14 and 16). Looking back on Otlet's endeavours it is not difficult to realize that many of his "utopian" ideas were realized in the course of history. Levie's unique work represents a most welcome update of our knowledge of Otlet. It bears direct relevance for historians of information science and bibliography and historians of architecture, but will, no doubt, attract many scholars from other disciplines, as it places Otlet against the background of several important historical trends and as it is very accessibly written. I take it that publishers are already preparing an English edition of this work - or else, they should be. I wholeheartedly agree with Levie's conclusion that we haven't finished discovering Otlet's work (p. 318)."
    RSWK
    Brüssel / Office International de Bibliographie / Geschichte (SWB)
    Subject
    Brüssel / Office International de Bibliographie / Geschichte (SWB)
  13. Satija, M.P.: Birth centenary literature on Ranganathan : a review (1993) 0.02 
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    Date
    5. 1.1999 16:27:22
    Type
    a
  14. Kester, D.D.; Jones, P.A.: Frances Henne and the development of school library standards (2004) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Frances Henne (1906-85) was the leader in the development of school library standards during her career as a teacher, librarian, and library educator. She was the driving force behind the publication of the 1945, 1960, and 1969 national standards for school libraries. Her imprint is evident in the research and philosophical foundations for the 1975, 1988, and 1998 national standards.
    Date
    15. 2.2007 19:00:22
    Type
    a
  15. Panizzi, A.K.C.B.: Passages in my official life (1871) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 7.2007 12:05:26
    22. 7.2007 12:08:24
  16. Mathematical lives : protagonists of the twentieth century from Hilbert to Wiles (2011) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Steps forward in mathematics often reverberate in other scientific disciplines, and give rise to innovative conceptual developments or find surprising technological applications. This volume brings to the forefront some of the proponents of the mathematics of the twentieth century, who have put at our disposal new and powerful instruments for investigating the reality around us. The portraits present people who have impressive charisma and wide-ranging cultural interests, who are passionate about defending the importance of their own research, are sensitive to beauty, and attentive to the social and political problems of their times. What we have sought to document is mathematics' central position in the culture of our day. Space has been made not only for the great mathematicians but also for literary texts, including contributions by two apparent interlopers, Robert Musil and Raymond Queneau, for whom mathematical concepts represented a valuable tool for resolving the struggle between 'soul and precision.' Zeitliche Fortsetzung zu: Bell, E.T.: Men of mathematics. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1937.
    Content
    Hilbert's problems -- The way we were. Guido Castelnuovo; Federigo Enriques; Francesco Severi -- Verlaine and Poincaré -- Bertrand Russell -- Godfrey H. Hardy -- Emmy Noether -- Carciopholus Romanus -- Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac -- The theoretical intelligence and the practical vision of John von Neumann -- Kurt Gödel -- Hommage À Gödel -- Robert Musil -- The life, death and miracles of Alan Mathison Turing -- Renato Caccioppoli -- Bruno de Finetti -- A committed mathematician -- Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov -- Bourbaki -- Writing and mathematics in the work of Raymond Queneau -- John F. Nash, Jr. -- Ennio De Giorgi -- Laurent Schwartz -- René Thom -- J.L. Borges, the dream (El sueño) -- Alexander Grothendieck: enthusiasm and creativity -- Gian-Carlo Rota -- Michael F. Atiyah -- Vladimir Igorevich Arnold -- Enrico Bombieri -- Martin Gardner -- Le Corbusier's door of miracles -- F. William Lawvere -- Andrew Wiles -- Mathematical prizes. The Fields medal -- The Abel prize.
  17. Singh, S.: Ranganathan and reference services (1992) 0.02 
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    Source
    CLIS observer. 9(1992) nos.1/2, S.16-22
    Type
    a
  18. Black, A.: National planning for public library service : the work and ideas of Lionel McColvin (2004) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Lionel McColvin (1896-1976) is regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of British librarianship. In the specific context of 150 years of public librarianship in Britain, his reputation as a visionary influence is second only to that of the nineteenth-century pioneer Edward Edwards, while in the twentieth century his reputation is unsurpassed. McColvin was the major voice in the mid-twentieth-century movement to reconstruct and modernize public libraries. He is best known as author of The Public Library System of Great Britain: A Report on Its Present Condition with Proposals for Post-war Reorganization, published in 1942 at a moment of intense wartime efforts to assemble plans for social and economic reconstruction. The "McColvin Report," as it came to be termed, was a landmark in the struggle to de-Victorianize the public library, not least by emphasizing the institution's universalism and its function as a national, not just a civic, agency. This article briefly describes McColvin's notable contribution to twentieth-century librarianship, resulting from his work as a public librarian, as a leading figure in the Library Association, and as an influential player in the international library movement. The article's core aim is to offer a critical appraisal of McColvin's vision for public libraries by placing it in the context of the project to build a better postwar world. This project was defined by the conceptualization and development of a welfare state in Britain, the underlying values of which can be seen to correspond to McColvin's national plan for a rejuvenated public library system. McColvin drew on the spirit of the time to produce a plan for public libraries that was shot through with social idealism and commitment and with a confidence in the need for intervention by the state-values that perhaps provide lessons for current and future library and information policymakers and professionals.
    Type
    a
  19. Rayward, W.B.: Visions of Xanadu : Paul Otlet (1868-1944) and hypertext (1994) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The work of the Belgian internationalist and documentalist, Paul Otlet (1868-1944), and his colleagues in Brussles, forms an important and neglected part of the history of information science. They developed a complex of organizations that are similar in important respects functionally to contemporary hypertext/hypermedia systems. These organizations effectively provided for the integration on bibliographic, image and textual databases. Chunks of text on cards or separate sheets were created according to 'the monographic principle' and their physical organization managed by the UDC, created by the Belgians from Melvil Dewey's DDC. This article discusses Otlet's concept of the Office of Documentation and, as examples of an approach to actual hypertext systems, several special Offices of Documentation set up in the International Office of Bibliography. In his Traité de Documentation of 1934, one of the first systematic treatises on what today we would call information science, Otlet speculated imaginatively about telecommunications, text-voice conversion, and what is needed in computer workstations, though of course he does not use this terminology. By assessing how the intellectual paradigm of 19th century positivism shaped Otlet's thinking, this study suggests how, despite its apparent contemporaneity, what he proposed was in fact conceptually different from the hypertext systems that have been developed or speculated about today. Such as analysis paradoxically also suggests the irony that a 'deconstructionist' reading of accounts of theses systems might find embedded in them the postivist approach to knowledge that the system designers would seem on the face of it explicitely to have repudiated
    Type
    a
  20. Rayward, W.B.: ¬The origins of information science and the International Institute of Bibliography / International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID) (1997) 0.02 
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    Source
    International forum on information and documentation. 22(1997) no.2, S.3-15
    Type
    a

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