-
Vries, A.P. de: Content independence in multimedia databases (2001)
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- Abstract
- A database management system is a general-purpose software system that facilitates the processes of defining, constructing, and manipulating databases for various applications. This article investigates the role of data management in multimedia digital libraries, and its implications for the design of database management systems. The notions of content abstraction and content independence are introduced, which clearly expose the unique challenges (for database architecture) of applications involving multimedia search. A blueprint of a new class of database technology is proposed, which supports the basic functionality for the management of both content and structure of multimedia objects
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- a
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Schröter, F.; Meyer, U.: Entwicklung sprachlicher Handlungskompetenz in Englisch mit Hilfe eines Multimedia-Sprachlernsystems (2000)
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- Source
- Sprachtechnologie für eine dynamische Wirtschaft im Medienzeitalter - Language technologies for dynamic business in the age of the media - L'ingénierie linguistique au service de la dynamisation économique à l'ère du multimédia: Tagungsakten der XXVI. Jahrestagung der Internationalen Vereinigung Sprache und Wirtschaft e.V., 23.-25.11.2000, Fachhochschule Köln. Hrsg.: K.-D. Schmitz
- Type
- a
-
Loviscach, J.: ¬Die elektronische Uni : Neue Medien in der Lehre (2001)
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- Date
- 14. 2.2001 19:09:22
- Type
- a
-
Schmidt, R.: Maschinelle Text-Ton-Synchronisation in Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft (2000)
0.02
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- Abstract
- Tonmaterial in Form von Audio- oder Videoaufnahmen spielt in Bereichen der Wissenschaft, die sich mit verbaler Interaktion beschäftigen, eine bedeutende Rolle. Solche Gebiete sind u,a. die Linguistik, Psychologie, Soziologie und Kriminalistik. Gegenstand der Untersuchung können dabei z.B. die Formen des sprachlichen Handelns und der Sprachvariation in Abhängigkeit von der Situation oder die Ausprägung und Entwicklung von Sprachunterschieden vor dem sozialen Hintergrund sein. Im Rahmen der Analyse eines Gesprächsverlaufs kann beispielsweise die Form der Rederechtsicherung von Interesse sein. In diesem Zusammenhang stellen sich Fragen wie z.B. "Wie bringen Gesprächsteilnehrner Gesprächsbeteiligte dazu, ihre Rede zu unterbrechen?" oder "Wie wehren Gesprächsteilnehmer Unterbrechungsversuche voll anderen Teilnehmern ab?". Denkbar ist hier u.a. nach dem Vorkommen von "ausreden lassen" zu suchen, wobei diese beiden Wörter nicht unbedingt nebeneinander auftreten müssen. Bei der Suche nach Stellen an denen ein Gesprächsteilnehmer Ansprüche oder Forderungen an einen Gesprächspartner stellt, können die flektierten Formen der Modalverben wie z.B. "müssen", "sollen" oder "dürfen" für die Anfrage wichtig sein, während Konnektiva wie "aber", "ja aber" oder "doch" auf oppositive Gesprächsabschnitte verweisen können. Näheres zur gesprächsanalytischen Methodik kann Deppermann (1999) und Brünner et al. (1999) entnommen werden. In dem Bereich der Linguistik, die den Gebrauch von gesprochener Sprache in offiziellen und privaten Situationen zum Gegenstand hat, sind u.a. auch Aussprachevarianten von großem Interesse. Von der Untersuchung der Sprachfärbungen erhofft man sich detaillierte Aussagen über die Sprechersituation und die regionale (König (1988)) und soziale Herkunft des Sprechers machen zu können. In der Kriminalistik wirken solche Ergebnisse unterstützend bei der Identifizierung von Personen
- Source
- Sprachtechnologie für eine dynamische Wirtschaft im Medienzeitalter - Language technologies for dynamic business in the age of the media - L'ingénierie linguistique au service de la dynamisation économique à l'ère du multimédia: Tagungsakten der XXVI. Jahrestagung der Internationalen Vereinigung Sprache und Wirtschaft e.V., 23.-25.11.2000, Fachhochschule Köln. Hrsg.: K.-D. Schmitz
- Type
- a
-
Schmidtke-Nikella, M.: Effiziente Hypermediaentwicklung : Die Autorenentlastung durch eine Engine (2000)
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- Source
- Sprachtechnologie für eine dynamische Wirtschaft im Medienzeitalter - Language technologies for dynamic business in the age of the media - L'ingénierie linguistique au service de la dynamisation économique à l'ère du multimédia: Tagungsakten der XXVI. Jahrestagung der Internationalen Vereinigung Sprache und Wirtschaft e.V., 23.-25.11.2000, Fachhochschule Köln. Hrsg.: K.-D. Schmitz
- Type
- a
-
Multimedia content and the Semantic Web : methods, standards, and tools (2005)
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- Classification
- 006.7 22
- Date
- 7. 3.2007 19:30:22
- DDC
- 006.7 22
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.3, S.457-458 (A.M.A. Ahmad): "The concept of the semantic web has emerged because search engines and text-based searching are no longer adequate, as these approaches involve an extensive information retrieval process. The deployed searching and retrieving descriptors arc naturally subjective and their deployment is often restricted to the specific application domain for which the descriptors were configured. The new era of information technology imposes different kinds of requirements and challenges. Automatic extracted audiovisual features are required, as these features are more objective, domain-independent, and more native to audiovisual content. This book is a useful guide for researchers, experts, students, and practitioners; it is a very valuable reference and can lead them through their exploration and research in multimedia content and the semantic web. The book is well organized, and introduces the concept of the semantic web and multimedia content analysis to the reader through a logical sequence from standards and hypotheses through system examples, presenting relevant tools and methods. But in some chapters readers will need a good technical background to understand some of the details. Readers may attain sufficient knowledge here to start projects or research related to the book's theme; recent results and articles related to the active research area of integrating multimedia with semantic web technologies are included. This book includes full descriptions of approaches to specific problem domains such as content search, indexing, and retrieval. This book will be very useful to researchers in the multimedia content analysis field who wish to explore the benefits of emerging semantic web technologies in applying multimedia content approaches. The first part of the book covers the definition of the two basic terms multimedia content and semantic web. The Moving Picture Experts Group standards MPEG7 and MPEG21 are quoted extensively. In addition, the means of multimedia content description are elaborated upon and schematically drawn. This extensive description is introduced by authors who are actively involved in those standards and have been participating in the work of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/MPEG for many years. On the other hand, this results in bias against the ad hoc or nonstandard tools for multimedia description in favor of the standard approaches. This is a general book for multimedia content; more emphasis on the general multimedia description and extraction could be provided.
Semantic web technologies are explained, and ontology representation is emphasized. There is an excellent summary of the fundamental theory behind applying a knowledge-engineering approach to vision problems. This summary represents the concept of the semantic web and multimedia content analysis. A definition of the fuzzy knowledge representation that can be used for realization in multimedia content applications has been provided, with a comprehensive analysis. The second part of the book introduces the multimedia content analysis approaches and applications. In addition, some examples of methods applicable to multimedia content analysis are presented. Multimedia content analysis is a very diverse field and concerns many other research fields at the same time; this creates strong diversity issues, as everything from low-level features (e.g., colors, DCT coefficients, motion vectors, etc.) up to the very high and semantic level (e.g., Object, Events, Tracks, etc.) are involved. The second part includes topics on structure identification (e.g., shot detection for video sequences), and object-based video indexing. These conventional analysis methods are supplemented by results on semantic multimedia analysis, including three detailed chapters on the development and use of knowledge models for automatic multimedia analysis. Starting from object-based indexing and continuing with machine learning, these three chapters are very logically organized. Because of the diversity of this research field, including several chapters of recent research results is not sufficient to cover the state of the art of multimedia. The editors of the book should write an introductory chapter about multimedia content analysis approaches, basic problems, and technical issues and challenges, and try to survey the state of the art of the field and thus introduce the field to the reader.
The final part of the book discusses research in multimedia content management systems and the semantic web, and presents examples and applications for semantic multimedia analysis in search and retrieval systems. These chapters describe example systems in which current projects have been implemented, and include extensive results and real demonstrations. For example, real case scenarios such as ECommerce medical applications and Web services have been introduced. Topics in natural language, speech and image processing techniques and their application for multimedia indexing, and content-based retrieval have been elaborated upon with extensive examples and deployment methods. The editors of the book themselves provide the readers with a chapter about their latest research results on knowledge-based multimedia content indexing and retrieval. Some interesting applications for multimedia content and the semantic web are introduced. Applications that have taken advantage of the metadata provided by MPEG7 in order to realize advance-access services for multimedia content have been provided. The applications discussed in the third part of the book provide useful guidance to researchers and practitioners properly planning to implement semantic multimedia analysis techniques in new research and development projects in both academia and industry. A fourth part should be added to this book: performance measurements for integrated approaches of multimedia analysis and the semantic web. Performance of the semantic approach is a very sophisticated issue and requires extensive elaboration and effort. Measuring the semantic search is an ongoing research area; several chapters concerning performance measurement and analysis would be required to adequately cover this area and introduce it to readers."
-
Lim, J.; Kang, S.; Kim, M.: Automatic user preference learning for personalized electronic program guide applications (2007)
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- Abstract
- In this article, we introduce a user preference model contained in the User Interaction Tools Clause of the MPEG-7 Multimedia Description Schemes, which is described by a UserPreferences description scheme (DS) and a UsageHistory description scheme (DS). Then we propose a user preference learning algorithm by using a Bayesian network to which weighted usage history data on multimedia consumption is taken as input. Our user preference learning algorithm adopts a dynamic learning method for learning real-time changes in a user's preferences from content consumption history data by weighting these choices in time. Finally, we address a user preference-based television program recommendation system on the basis of the user preference learning algorithm and show experimental results for a large set of realistic usage-history data of watched television programs. The experimental results suggest that our automatic user reference learning method is well suited for a personalized electronic program guide (EPG) application.
- Type
- a
-
Menard, E.: Image retrieval in multilingual environments : research issues (2006)
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- Abstract
- This paper presents an overview of the nature and the characteristics of the numerous problems encountered when a user tries to access a collection of images in a multilingual environment. The authors identify major research questions to be investigated to improve image retrieval effectiveness in a multilingual environment.
- Source
- Knowledge organization for a global learning society: Proceedings of the 9th International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Hrsg.: G. Budin, C. Swertz u. K. Mitgutsch
- Type
- a
-
E-Text : Strategien und Kompetenzen. Elektronische Kommunikation in Wissenschaft, Bildung und Beruf (2001)
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- Date
- 12. 8.2012 18:05:22
-
Garcia Marco, F.J.: Understanding the categories and dynamics of multimedia information : a model for analysing multimedia information (2006)
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- Abstract
- A model for analysing multimedia information is proposed from the point of view of the theory of communication. After a brief presentation of the complex map of the sciences that deal with multimedia communication in its different aspects, the current multimedia revolution is historically contextualized as a tendency towards messages that are able to build near-reality experiences (virtual reality). After setting the theoretical point of view, an analysis of multimedia messages is substantiated and a model is presented. The first part of the model deals with the different communications channels and tools: still images, movies, sounds, texts, text with illustrations, audiovisuals and interactive multimedia, with an emphasis in nontextual documents. The second part addresses the global properties of the multimedia message, which are of a textual and metatextual nature. The overlapping of media, channels, genres and messages-and the conscious and technical use of such interactions-is precisely one of the main and outstanding characteristics of the multimedia discourse, and requires specific moves in indexing languages development. The multimedia environment has also a great potential to promote a wider theory of knowledge organization, bringing closer distant fields like scientific and fictional indexing or verbal and image indexing. It is stated that such a unified theory requires a closer attention to the pragmatic aspects of indexing and the inclusion of new semantic layers. A simple indexing model is proposed to illustrate who to address these challenges.
- Source
- Knowledge organization for a global learning society: Proceedings of the 9th International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Hrsg.: G. Budin, C. Swertz u. K. Mitgutsch
- Type
- a
-
Fatemi, N.: MPEG-7 in practice : analysis of a television news retrieval application (2007)
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- Abstract
- This article provides an overview of our experiments in using MPEG-7 in a television news retrieval application. Our study is based on a survey of professional users in the Television Suisse Romande (TSR) television news production environment. We present here two main issues. First, we describe the way the generic and voluminous MPEG-7 Schema can be exploited in the context of a specific application domain. Second, we discuss the problem of how to search MPEG-7 descriptions, which are detailed and complex by nature, via a high-level user-oriented retrieval model.
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- a
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Greenberg, B.; Schipprack, A.: Blick zurück & nach vorn : Von der Film- und Video-Produktion zum Web-Design (2000)
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Eberle, A.: DVD "Digital Versatile Disc" : Ein neues Format - auch ein neues medienpädagogisches Konzept? (2001)
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Hertzum, M.: Requests for information from a film archive : a case study of multimadia retrieval (2003)
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- Abstract
- Multimedia retrieval is a complex and to some extent still unexplored area. Based on a full year of e-mail requests addressed to a large film archive this study analyses what types of information needs real users have and how these needs are expressed. The findings include that the requesters make use of a broad range of need attributes in specifying their information needs. These attributes relate to the production, content, subject, context and screening of films. However, a few attributes - especially title, production year and director - account for the majority of the attribute instances. Further, as much as 43 per cent of the requests contain no information about the context that gives rise to the request. The current indexing of the archived material is restricted to production-related attributes, and access to the material is, thus, frequently dependent on the archivists' extensive knowledge of the archived material and films in general.
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Iyengar, S.S.: Visual based retrieval systems and Web mining (2001)
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- Abstract
- Relevance has been a difficult concept to define, let alone measure. In this paper, a simple operational definition of relevance is proposed for a Web-based library catalog: whether or not during a search session the user saves, prints, mails, or downloads a citation. If one of those actions is performed, the session is considered relevant to the user. An analysis is presented illustrating the advantages and disadvantages of this definition. With this definition and good transaction logging, it is possible to ascertain the relevance of a session. This was done for 905,970 sessions conducted with the University of California's Melvyl online catalog. Next, a methodology was developed to try to predict the relevance of a session. A number of variables were defined that characterize a session, none of which used any demographic information about the user. The values of the variables were computed for the sessions. Principal components analysis was used to extract a new set of variables out of the original set. A stratified random sampling technique was used to form ten strata such that each new strata of 90,570 sessions contained the same proportion of relevant to nonrelevant sessions. Logistic regression was used to ascertain the regression coefficients for nine of the ten strata. Then, the coefficients were used to predict the relevance of the sessions in the missing strata. Overall, 17.85% of the sessions were determined to be relevant. The predicted number of relevant sessions for all ten strata was 11 %, a 6.85% difference. The authors believe that the methodology can be further refined and the prediction improved. This methodology could also have significant application in improving user searching and also in predicting electronic commerce buying decisions without the use of personal demographic data
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Pretty, J.A.: MIDAS-NET : ein erfolgreiches europäisches Projekt (2000)
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Burke, M.E.: Philosophical and theoretical perspectives of organisational structures as information processing systems (2003)
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- Abstract
- This paper considers the issues surrounding the fit between information systems and organisation structures. The paper uses philosophical ideas concerning knowledge and applies them to organisational design and information processing in order to encourage alternative perspectives and new ideas. This is achieved by a discussion of the issues surrounding organisational design and the impact of design on information processing; an overview of the ideas concerning the theory of knowledge proposed from both a rational and an empirical viewpoint and how these relate to other epistemological theories such as historicism and pragmatism. The paper closes with a discussion of the means by which philosophical considerations can assist towards new forms of information processing.
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Degkwitz, A.: Convergence in Germany : the Information, Communication and Media Center (ICMC/IKMZ) of Cottbus University (2006)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - The aim of this paper is to ask why the libraries and the computer and media centres of German universities are picking up too little to improve the conditions for learning, teaching and research. Design/methodology/approach - With the founding of the Information, Communication and Media Center/Informations-, Kommunikations- und Medienzentrums (ICMC/IKMZ), the central services of the Brandenburg Technical University of Cottbus (BTU Cottbus) library, computer center, multimedia center and administrative data processing were combined on a common management level, and the prerequisites for the development of integrated information management were created. Findings - On this basis the following goal was set: the realization of more efficient organizational structures for a broad spectrum of customer- and service-oriented information, communications and media (ICM) offers for research, teaching and administration. Originality/value - The paper gives an overview of German discussion on the convergence of services, and presents the ICMC/IKMZ of Cottbus University as an example of a converged institution.
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Jörgensen, C.: ¬The MPEG-7 standard : multimedia description in theory and application (2007)
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- Abstract
- Allowing the description of the structure of documents has been one of the key factors for the success of the hypertext markup language (HTML) family of markup languages. This capability has motivated the phenomenon that has become known as the World Wide Web (the "Web"). The next generation of the Web, known as the Semantic Web (Berners-Lee, Hendler. & Lassila, 2001), aims at describing the meaning rather than the structure of data, adding more intelligent search, retrieval, and other agent functionalities to the Web, and tools that make the implementation of this Semantic Web possible are greatly needed. The increasing availability of multimedia on the World Wide Web makes metadata description efforts for multimedia a pressing need, yet with the volume of content being created, often only a rudimentary description of the multimedia content is available. In addition, the digital mode entails a host of other descriptive needs, such as the format, factors such as compression and transmission, and issues such as copyright restrictions and terns for usage. Thus, new and efficient ways of describing multimedia content and meaning are needed as well as a structure that is capable of carrying such descriptions. Several attempts have been made to grapple with this issue using descriptive metadata, one of the earliest of which was the revision of the Dublin Core to ascertain essential features necessary to resource discovery of visual items in a networked environment (Weibel & Miller, 1997). Other metadata schemes, such as the Visual Resources Association Core Categories (http://www.vraweb.org/vracore3.htm), also include format information necessary to the use and display of digital images.
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Agnew, G.; Kniesner, D.; Weber, M.B.: Integrating MPEG-7 into the moving image collections portal (2007)
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- Abstract
- This article discusses the implementation of MPEG-7 within the Moving Image Collections (MIC) portal. MIC is a union catalog of the world's moving images, as well as a portal to information on the care, management, and use of moving images. The MIC Union Catalog utilizes a core registry schema that is designed to map readily to any metadata schema used to describe moving images. The MIC development team was particularly interested in supporting MPEG-7 for future nontextual digital video indexing applications. An MPEG-7 application profile and Microsoft Access cataloging utility were developed in order to test MPEG-7 within the MIC Union Catalog; 400 science digital videos in the ResearchChannel collection were cataloged in MPEG-7. The MPEG-7 records were mapped to MIC and ingested. Draft MPEG-7 to MIC and MIC to MPEG-7 maps were developed and are available at the MIC Web site. MPEG-7 records are available for viewing for any record in the MIC database via a collections explore search within the Archivists' portal. The MPEG-7 cataloging utility may be downloaded from the MIC project Web site (Moving Image Collections. MIC Cataloging Utility. http://gondolin.rutgers.edu/MIC/text/ how/cataloging_utility.htm). This article also discusses issues with MPEG-7 as a descriptive metadata schema, as well as mapping and implementation issues identified in the project.
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