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Abstract

The realm of the digital offers both new methods of research and new objects of study. Because the digital environment for scholarship is constantly evolving, researchers must sometimes improvise, change their plans, and adapt. These details are often left out of research write-ups, leaving newcomers to the field frustrated when their approaches do not work as expected. Digital Research Confidential offers scholars a chance to learn from their fellow researchers' mistakes -- and their successes. The book -- a follow-up to Eszter Hargittai's widely read Research Confidential -- presents behind-the-scenes, nuts-and-bolts stories of digital research projects, written by established and rising scholars. They discuss such challenges as archiving, Web crawling, crowdsourcing, and confidentiality. They do not shrink from specifics, describing such research hiccups as an ethnographic interview so emotionally draining that afterward the researcher retreated to a bathroom to cry, and the seemingly simple research question about Wikipedia that mushroomed into years of work on millions of data points. Digital Research Confidential will be an essential resource for scholars in every field.

Content

Preface How to think about digital research / Christian Sandvig and Eszter Hargittai -- "How local is user-generated content" : a 9,000+ word essay on answering a five-word research question" : or how we learned to stop worrying (or worry less) and love the diverse challenges of our fast-moving, geographically-flavored interdisciplinary research area / Darren Gergle and Brent Hecht -- Flash mobs and the social life of public spaces : analyzing online visual data to study new forms of sociability / Virag Molnar and Aron Hsiao -- Social software as social science / Eric Gilbert and Karrie Karahalios -- Hired hands and dubious guesses : adventures in crowdsourced data collection / Aaron Shaw -- Making sense of teen life : strategies for capturing ethnographic data in a networked era / Danah Boyd -- When should we use real names in published accounts of internet research? / Amy Bruckman, Kurt Luther, and Casey Fiesler -- The art of web crawling for social science research / Michelle Shumate and Matthew Weber -- The ethnographic study of visual culture in the age of digitization / Paul Leonardi -- Read/write the digital archive: strategies for historical web research / Megan Sapnar Ankerson -- Big data, big problems, big opportunities : using internet log data to conduct social network analysis research / Brooke Foucault Welles -- Contributors -- References -- Index.

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Abstract

In Digital Methods, Richard Rogers proposes a methodological outlook for social and cultural scholarly research on the Web that seeks to move Internet research beyond the study of online culture. It is not a toolkit for Internet research, or operating instructions for a software package; it deals with broader questions. How can we study social media to learn something about society rather than about social media use? How can hyperlinks reveal not just the value of a Web site but the politics of association? Rogers proposes repurposing Web-native techniques for research into cultural change and societal conditions. We can learn to reapply such "methods of the medium" as crawling and crowd sourcing, PageRank and similar algorithms, tag clouds and other visualizations; we can learn how they handle hits, likes, tags, date stamps, and other Web-native objects. By "thinking along" with devices and the objects they handle, digital research methods can follow the evolving methods of the medium. Rogers uses this new methodological outlook to examine the findings of inquiries into 9/11 search results, the recognition of climate change skeptics by climate-change-related Web sites, the events surrounding the Srebrenica massacre according to Dutch, Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian Wikipedias, presidential candidates' social media "friends," and the censorship of the Iranian Web. With Digital Methods, Rogers introduces a new vision and method for Internet research and at the same time applies them to the Web's objects of study, from tiny particles (hyperlinks) to large masses (social media).

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Abstract

Aimed at information and communication professionals, scholars and students, Google and the Digital Divide: The Biases of Online Knowledge provides invaluable insight into the significant role that search engines play in growing the digital divide between individuals, organizations, and states. With a specific focus on Google, author Elad Segev explains the concept of the digital divide and the effects that today's online environment has on knowledge bias, power, and control. Using innovative methods and research approaches, Segev compares the popular search queries in Google and Yahoo in the United States and other countries and analyzes the various biases in Google News and Google Earth. Google and the Digital Divide shows the many ways in which users manipulate Google's information across different countries, as well as dataset and classification systems, economic and political value indexes, specific search indexes, locality of use indexes, and much more. Segev presents important new social and political perspectives to illustrate the challenges brought about by search engines, and explains the resultant political, communicative, commercial, and international implications.