Search (35 results, page 2 of 2)

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Abstract

Two years ago the author gave a keynote talk at the Essen Symposium that suggested that technology has lulled librarians into a false sense of security and that there is no real evidence that the increasing use of technology has improved library services at all. This talk carries this theme one stage further, suggesting that technology may actually encourage mediocrity in library and information services

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 53(2002) no.4, S.321-322 (I. Fourie): "A substantial literature exists on artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems in general, as well as in Library and Information Science (LIS). Many reports are over-confident and grossly exaggerate the power and potential of artificial intelligence (AI). This is especially true of the first phase of At, and to some extent also of the third phase that is stimulated by developments surrounding the Internet. The middle phase was mostly marked by disillusionment about the potential of Al and expert systems. The confusion around the promises made by AI and the lack of operational success, leaves managers of library and information services with the dilemma of distinguishing between worthwhile research reporting on operational projects and projects that exists only on paper or in the researchers' heads. It is very difficult to sieve between the two when working through the subject literature, and to distinguish between working technology/applications and wishful thinking. This might be one reason why working systems are sometimes ignored. According to Lancaster and Warner, library managers must also look much wider than the LIS literature to note new trends; this can, however, become a daunting task. Against this background the authors report on a study conducted with the support of the Special Libraries Association's Steven I. Goldspiel Memorial Research Grant. The objective of the study was to gain sufficient familiarity with the developments in Al and related technologies to make recommendations to the information service community on what can be applied, and what to expect in the near future. The intention therefore was to focus on systems that are actually operational, and systems that hold potential for the future. Since digital libraries seems an inevitable part of our future, applications concerning them features strongly in the final recommendations. The scope of AI in Library and Information Science depends on the interpretation of the concepts artificial intelligence and expert systems. "If a system has to `behave intelligently' (e.g. make inferences or learn from its mistakes) to qualify as having AI, few such systems exist in any application. On the other hand, if one accepts that a system exhibits AI if its does things that humans need intelligence to do, many more systems would qualify" (p. 107). One example is the field of subject indexing. The same would apply if a more relaxed definition of expert systems is applied as a system that "can help the non-expert perform some task at a level closer to that of an expert, whether or not all the essential components are in place" (p. 107). Most of the AI literature relevant to libraries falls in the field of expert systems. Lancaster and Warner identify (p. 6) expert systems as " a branch of artificial intelligence, even though very few expert systems exhibit true intelligence.""

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Abstract

Computer have been used in 2 areas of printed index production: to sort entries and fromat printed indexes, and to derive a series of index entries from a minimum intellectual input. Computer indexing enables more indexing terms to be used as well as weighted terms, links and roles. Interest in automatic indexing peaked in the mid-1960s and has since declined. Interest in machine-aided indexing concentrates on using the computer for on-line display or for indexing by extraction. Computers have also made possible the implementation of retrieval systems without indexing-free text systems. Considers future prospects and needs

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Abstract

A summary of the findings of various evaluations of role indicators is given. In general, the results have been negative in that little real evidence for the value of the devices has been presented. The need for roles in various subject fields and in very large systems, is discussed. They can only by justified on purely ecomic grounds - if the added cost involved in their use is offset by substantial reduction in the amount of output screening that must be done by the end user

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Abstract

F.W. Lancaster's work has been immensely influential in library and information science. He has written on indexing and information system evaluation, and has been looked to as a pioneer in many areas. Here he describes precision and recall, the two most fundamental and widespread measures of information retrieval effectiveness.

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Abstract

The results of 35 searches performed by users (end users) of an academic library (Illinois Stae University, Milner Library) in the ERIC databases on CD-ROM were compared with the results for the same topics achieved by an experienced education librarian and by a team of librarians. Recall ratios, precision ratios, and novelty ratios were calculated. Results show that the users, all faculty members or graduate students, found only about a third of the really important items. Suggests that library users are frequently misled into thinking that CD-ROM databases are easy to use and that the 'technology' guarantees satisfactory results.

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Abstract

Reports results of an evaluation of 2 expert systems designed for use in library reference services: ReferenceExpert (RE), developed by Houston University; and SourceFinder (SF), developed by Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign. The test group consisted of 60 graduate students at the initial stage of an intermediate level reference course. The evaluation involved test questions already used in an earlier study (College and research libraries 52(1991) no.5, S.454-465). Results indicated that: there was no significant difference between RE and SF students in the confidence they expressed regarding understanding of their test questions; no significant correlation was found between confidence in understanding the question and success in selecting appropriate sources; only 1/5 of the students agreed that the system they used could be considered 'intelligent'; the majority did not consider the system they used to be 'competent'; almost half agreed that the subject categories provided by the menus were too broad; a little more than half wer not satisfied with the information sources selected by their system; significantly more RE users than SF users agreed that they found the menu interface useful; and a keyword search capability was the feature most often mentioned as a needed system enhancement. Overall results indicated that current expert systems for the selection of reference sources cannot perform as well as experienced subject oriented reference librarians

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Abstract

Reviews the trend away from a paper based society and towards an electronic society: with the advent of computers, electronic mail, computer conferencing, electronic invisible colleges, and the application of computers to libraries and information networks, and to publishing, with the production of electronic media. Forecasts the advent of the electronic library and the electronic librarian, the decline in the use of present day libraries, technical and library services, and the enhanced and extended role of librarians in the new situation. Predicts the eventual demise of the traditional library with the exception of non research libraries but the enhanced value of the librarians as an information specialist

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.1, S.144-145 (H. Saggion): "... This volume is a very valuable source of information for not only students and professionals in library and information science but also for individuals and institutions involved in knowledge management and organization activities. Because of its broad coverage of the information science topic, teachers will find the contents of this book useful for courses in the areas of information technology, digital as well as traditional libraries, and information science in general."