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Samulowitz, H.: Henri Marie La Fontaine (2004)
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- Content
- "Am 22. April jährte sich zum 150. Mal der Geburtstag von Henri Marie La Fontaine (1854-1943) aus Brüssel, einem der bedeutendsten europäischen Friedensaktivisten aus der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts, 1913 ausgezeichnet mit dem Friedensnobelpreis. Den Veteranen der Dokumentationsbewegung wird der Name auch heute noch etwas sagen, waren es doch La Fontaine und sein Freund Paul Otlet, die 1892 das Office International de Bibliographie (OIB) gründeten; getragen von der Idee einer weltweiten universalen Gesamtdokumentation. Mit der Anerkennung des OIB durch die belgische Regierung und der Gründung des Institut International de Bibliographie (IIB) im gleichen Jahr nimmt die moderne Dokumentationsbewegung ihren Lauf. Aus dem IIB wird 1931 das Institut International de Documentation (IID) und 1937 die Fédération Internationale de Documentation (FID); die Dezimalklassifikation (DK) wird zum Ordnungssystem der Universaldokumentation erklärt. Die Anerkennung und Förderung durch die belgische Regierung hatte einen realen Hintergrund. La Fontaine war seit 1894 sozialistischer Abgeordneter im belgischen Parlament - seit 1893 auch Professor für Internationales Recht in Brüssel - und hatte sich schon als junger Anwalt kompromisslos mit Fragen der Friedenserhaltung befasst. Es war nur folgerichtig, dass er zu der Erkenntnis gelangte, dass Dokumentation -und damit Information-ein notweniges und damit unverzichtbares Werkzeug zur Völkerverständigung ist. Die Beschäftigung mit der Dokumentation hat aber auch auf seine internationalen Aktivitäten zurückgewirkt. So ist die Idee zur Gründung einer Union der internationalen Organisationen (1907) bei seiner Arbeit im IIB entstanden, das "Yearbook of International Organizations" ist eine Folge davon. La Fontaine war ein überaus vielseitiger Politiker und Jurist. Die Liste seiner Interessen ist lang: Präsident des Internationalen Friedensbüros von 1907 bis an sein Lebensende, belgischer Delegierter bei Friedenskonferenzen; er befasste sich mit Fragen der Abrüstung, der Gründung eines Zusammenschlusses der Nationalstaaten wie der eines Weltgerichtshofs. Und nicht zuletzt setzte er sich für die Rechte der Frauen und den Achtstundenarbeitstag ein. Er war im wahrsten Sinne ein Initiator auf vielen Gebieten. Dass La Fontaine vergessen wurde, hat sicher viele Gründe: Viele seiner Ideen sind heute banale Wirklichkeit. Während der Zeit des nationalsozialistischen Regimes, in der sich die Dokumentation in Deutschland weitgehend formierte und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentation 1941 entstand, war er eine Unperson, deren Namen man nicht nannte. Und schließlich: Dokumentation war für ihn nur ein Werkzeug, weder Ideologie, noch Wissenschaft, noch Geschäft, es lohnt sich, daran zu erinnern."
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 55(2004) H.4, S.196-197
-
Panizzi, A.K.C.B.: Passages in my official life (1871)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2007 12:05:26
22. 7.2007 12:08:24
- Pages
- 84 S
-
Schön, J.: Zum Gedenken an Paul Otlet : 1868-1944 (1968)
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- Source
- DK-Mitteilungen. 13(1968) Nr.6, S.21-22
-
Guedj, D.: Nicholas Bourbaki, collective mathematician : an interview with Clause Chevalley (1985)
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- Source
- Mathematical intelligencer. 7(1985), S.18-22
-
Knorz, G.: Nachruf für Gerhard Lustig (1993)
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- Date
- 22. 1.2016 19:11:37
- Source
- LDV-Forum. 10(1993) H.2, S.51-52
-
Schultz, U.: Descartes : Biografie (2001)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: FR, Nr.125 vom 31.5.2001, S.22 (S. Hanuschek)
- Pages
- 378 S
-
Senechal, M.: ¬The continuing silence of Bourbaki : an interview with Pierre Cartier, June 18, 1997 (1998)
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- Source
- Mathematical intelligencer. 20(1998) no.1, S.22-28
-
Robertson, S.; Tait, J.: In Memoriam Karen Sparck Jones (2007)
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- Date
- 26.12.2007 14:22:47
- Source
- Information processing and management. 43(2007) no.6, S.1441-1446
-
Rolland-Thomas, P.; Myall, C.: ¬An interview with Paule Rolland-Thomas (1998)
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- Abstract
- Reports on an interview with Paule Rolland-Thomas, library educator, classificationist and editor of the Règles de catalogage anglo-americaines
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 25(1998) no.4, S.263-275
-
Hanuschek, S.: Gottes sinnlicher Maschinist : Uwe Schultz' Biografie des Philosophen und Langschläfers René Descartes (2001)
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- Content
- Von Descartes speziell wissen wir, dass er ein großer Schläfer vor dem Herrn war, stolz auf seine zehn Stunden Bettruhe am Tag, der vor dem Aufstehen um elf gern nachgedacht hat. Von etwas schwächlicher Konstitution, hielt er sich gern im Wintermantel in überheizten Räumen am Kamin auf, die meiste Zeit seines Lebens in den Niederlanden. Der Mann war 30 seiner 54 Lebensjahre von Krieg umgeben, ein unabhängiger katholischer Adliger in einer für den Einzelnen kaum durchdringliehen Zeit von Religionskriegen und Inquisition. Gegen die Verwirrnis suchte Descartes nach einer neuen Gewissheit im Discours de la Methode (1637), eine Scheinautobiografie, die zeigen sollte, wie man sich mit dem Verstand einen Weg durchs Chaos bahnen kann: Philosophie als undogmatische, durch Introspektion nachvollziehbare Lebenshilfe, nicht als Weltflucht. Uwe Schultz hat seine frankophile Renaissance-Begeisterung schon einige Male niedergeschrieben, vorzugsweise über Montaigne. Nun hat er eine voluminöse Descartes-Biografie vorgelegt, die über große Strecken eine reine Werkbiografie ist. Schultz berichtet ein paar sozialgeschichtliche Zusammenhänge - Reisen im frühen 17. Jahrhundert, die Finanzen von Adligen -, die wenigen biografischen Details, die über Descartes bekannt oder erschließbar sind, die Freundschaften des Philosophen. Gelegentlich gibt es nichts zu berichten - da erzählt Schultz Pariser Hofintrigen, von denen "sich Descartes offensichtlich fern" hielt, und zieht manchen trivialen psychologischen Schluss. Immerhin hat er eine veritable Intrige mit Mord und gefährlichen Liebschaften zu bieten, in die die Pfalzgräfin Elisabeth verwickelt war, eine Freundin Descartes'. Nun ist die Quellenlage bei Lebensläufen vor 1800 ein eigen Ding, aber Schultz hat sich für ein Buch dieses Umfangs auch einiges entgehen lassen, etwa den Kometenstreit oder den manifesten RosenkreutzerEinfluss auf Descartes' berühmte Erweckungs-Träume. Und er hat es fertig gebracht, ein Buch über den Schöpfer der ersten allgemeinen und bewussten Methode ohne eine einzige Bemerkung zur eigenen Methode, zu Einschränkungen und Lücken zu verfassen.
- Source
- Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.125 vom 31.5.2001, S.22
-
Schechter, B.: Mein Geist ist offen : Die mathematischen Reisen des Paul Erdös (1999)
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- Date
- 19. 7.2002 22:02:18
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft 2000, H.5, S.108-109 (G.M. Ziegler)
- Pages
- 304 S
-
Garfield, E.; Stock, W.G.: Citation Consciousness : Interview with Eugene Garfiels, chairman emeritus of ISI; Philadelphia (2002)
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- Source
- Password. 2002, H.6, S.22-25
-
Sales, R. de; Martínez-Ávila, D.; Chaves Guimarães, J.A.: James Duff Brown : a librarian committed to the public library and the subject classification (2021)
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- Source
- Knowledge organization. 48(2021) no.5, S.375-396
-
Singh, S.: Ranganathan and reference services (1992)
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- Source
- CLIS observer. 9(1992) nos.1/2, S.16-22
-
Mathematical lives : protagonists of the twentieth century from Hilbert to Wiles (2011)
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- Content
- Hilbert's problems -- The way we were. Guido Castelnuovo; Federigo Enriques; Francesco Severi -- Verlaine and Poincaré -- Bertrand Russell -- Godfrey H. Hardy -- Emmy Noether -- Carciopholus Romanus -- Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac -- The theoretical intelligence and the practical vision of John von Neumann -- Kurt Gödel -- Hommage À Gödel -- Robert Musil -- The life, death and miracles of Alan Mathison Turing -- Renato Caccioppoli -- Bruno de Finetti -- A committed mathematician -- Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov -- Bourbaki -- Writing and mathematics in the work of Raymond Queneau -- John F. Nash, Jr. -- Ennio De Giorgi -- Laurent Schwartz -- René Thom -- J.L. Borges, the dream (El sueño) -- Alexander Grothendieck: enthusiasm and creativity -- Gian-Carlo Rota -- Michael F. Atiyah -- Vladimir Igorevich Arnold -- Enrico Bombieri -- Martin Gardner -- Le Corbusier's door of miracles -- F. William Lawvere -- Andrew Wiles -- Mathematical prizes. The Fields medal -- The Abel prize.
- Footnote
- Originaltitel: Vite matematiche Rez. in: Mathematical intelligencer 38(2013) no.1, S.93-95 (U. Persson)
- Pages
- XIII, 238 S
- Type
- s
-
Satija, M.P.: Birth centenary literature on Ranganathan : a review (1993)
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- Date
- 5. 1.1999 16:27:22
- Source
- Third world libraries. 4(1993) no.1, S.17-25
-
Kester, D.D.; Jones, P.A.: Frances Henne and the development of school library standards (2004)
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- Date
- 15. 2.2007 19:00:22
- Source
- Library trends. 52(2004) no.4, S.952-962
-
Miller, E.: Prince of librarians : the life and times of Antonio Panizzi of the British Museum (1988)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2007 10:20:05
- Pages
- 356 S
-
Levie, F.: ¬L' Homme qui voulait classer le monde : Paul Otlet et le Mundaneum (2006)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: KO 33(2006) no.2, S. 120-121 (S. Ducheyne): "To the readers of this journal the founding founder of bibliography and information science, the Belgian Paul Otlet (1868-1944), ground-layer of the Universal Decimal Classification, anticipator of multimedia, virtual libraries, and the Internet, and co-inventor of the microfilm or, as it was originally called, "le Bibliophote" (p. 107) (an achievement he shares together with Robert Goldschmidt), scarcely needs introduction. Françoise Levie's new biography of Otlet embodies the research she has started with the production of the documentary of the same name (Sofidoc, 2002, 60 min.). It is impossible to give a chapter-bychapter overview of this informatively dense and beautifully illustrated book, which consists of twenty chapters, a concluding piece by Benoît Peeters, a very useful list and description of the pivotal figures in Otlet's life, and a list containing the locations of the sources consulted (an index is, unfortunately, not provided). I will therefore restrict myself by pointing to Levie's innovative contributions to our knowledge of Otlet and to topics that are of genuine interest to the readers of this journal. Levie's book is the result of a fascinating, worldwide quest into the remains of Otlet's work and his international connections. Ever since W Boyd Rayward's monumental 1975 The Universe of Information: The Work of Paul Otlet for Documentation and International Organization (Moscow: VINITI), this book is the second systematic survey of the Collections of the Mundaneum (now, after various peregrinations, preserved at Bergen/Mons, Belgium) (cf. pp. 339-340), which contains Otlet's private documents, the "Otletaneum". Sixty-eight unopened banana boxes were the main source of inspirations for Levie's research. Of special interest in this respect is Levie's discovery of Otlet's 1916 diary "le Cahier Blue". As these boxes were, at the time Levie conducted her research, not classified and as they were thereafter re-divided and re-classified, precise references to this collection are not provided and the text is simply quoted during the course of the book (p. 339). While this is perfectly understandable, I would have welcomed exact references to Otlet's main works such as, for instance, Traité de documentation and Monde, Essai d'universalisme which are also quoted without supplying further details.
Levie's focus is not exclusively on Otlet's contributions to bibliography and information science per se, but aims at offering a very complete, chronological overview of the life and work of Paul Otlet. Levie succeeds very well at documenting Otlet's personal and familial life, and offers ample socio-historical and political contextualisation of Otlet's activities (e.g. the interaction between Otlet's internationalist endeavours and the expansionist politics of King Leopold II (p. 59), and Otlet's ardent pacifism during World War I are relevantly highlighted (pp. 161176)). Levie begins by exploring Otlet's childhood days and by bringing into perspective some of the traits which are relevant to understand his later work. She shows how his father Edouard, an internationally active railway contractor, awoke a mondial awareness in the young Otlet (pp. 20-21) and how his encyclopaedic spirit for the first time found expression in a systematic inventory of the small Mediterranean isle his father bought (L'île du Levant, 1882) (p. 31). From the age of 16 Otlet suffered from a disorder of his literal memory (Otlet's personal testimony in the Cahier Blue, on p. 47), which might perhaps explain his lifelong obsession with completeness and accuracy. Of special interest to the readers of this journal are chapter 4, in which Otlet's and Henri Lafontaine's adaptation of Melvil Dewey's Decimal Classification and the origin of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) is discussed in extenso (pp. 5170; also see chapter 6, p. 98 for Otlet's attempt at a universal iconographical index) and chapter 17, in which Traité de documentation (1934) is presented
(pp. 267-277). In chapter 5 (pp. 75-89), Levie discusses Otlet's interest in urbanism (also see, p. 147 ff) and recounts how in Westende he built from scratch a complete coastal village, a kind of miniutopia, in close collaboration with the architects Octave Van Rysselberghe and Henry Van de Velde (unfortunately, it was destroyed in 1914). In close connection to their pacifist ideals, Otlet and his Nobelprize winning co-worker Lafontaine sought to realize a World City and in 1911 saw their ambitions shared by the joint work of the French architect Ernest Hébrard and the American-Norwegian sculptor Hendrik Anderson (pp. 128-141). Later, in the late 1920s, Otlet joined forces with Le Corbusier to establish such a world-centre (pp. 229-247, a 1930 letter of Le Corbusier to Otlet on this matter is reproduced on pages 234-235). In his later moments of desperation, Otlet called on virtually every major political leader, including Mussolini, Franco, and Hitler to achieve this goal (pp. 217-218, p. 294). In these chapters related to architecture, Levie draws extensively on previously unstudied correspondence and adds much detail to our knowledge of Otlet's explorations in this area. In several other chapters, Levie documents in great detail the less unknown rise and downfall of Otlet's "Mondial Palace" (which was inaugurated in 1919) (chapters 12-14 and 16). Looking back on Otlet's endeavours it is not difficult to realize that many of his "utopian" ideas were realized in the course of history. Levie's unique work represents a most welcome update of our knowledge of Otlet. It bears direct relevance for historians of information science and bibliography and historians of architecture, but will, no doubt, attract many scholars from other disciplines, as it places Otlet against the background of several important historical trends and as it is very accessibly written. I take it that publishers are already preparing an English edition of this work - or else, they should be. I wholeheartedly agree with Levie's conclusion that we haven't finished discovering Otlet's work (p. 318)."
- Pages
- 352 S
- RSWK
- Brüssel / Office International de Bibliographie / Geschichte (SWB)
- Subject
- Brüssel / Office International de Bibliographie / Geschichte (SWB)
-
Rayward, W.B.: Visions of Xanadu : Paul Otlet (1868-1944) and hypertext (1994)
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- Abstract
- The work of the Belgian internationalist and documentalist, Paul Otlet (1868-1944), and his colleagues in Brussles, forms an important and neglected part of the history of information science. They developed a complex of organizations that are similar in important respects functionally to contemporary hypertext/hypermedia systems. These organizations effectively provided for the integration on bibliographic, image and textual databases. Chunks of text on cards or separate sheets were created according to 'the monographic principle' and their physical organization managed by the UDC, created by the Belgians from Melvil Dewey's DDC. This article discusses Otlet's concept of the Office of Documentation and, as examples of an approach to actual hypertext systems, several special Offices of Documentation set up in the International Office of Bibliography. In his Traité de Documentation of 1934, one of the first systematic treatises on what today we would call information science, Otlet speculated imaginatively about telecommunications, text-voice conversion, and what is needed in computer workstations, though of course he does not use this terminology. By assessing how the intellectual paradigm of 19th century positivism shaped Otlet's thinking, this study suggests how, despite its apparent contemporaneity, what he proposed was in fact conceptually different from the hypertext systems that have been developed or speculated about today. Such as analysis paradoxically also suggests the irony that a 'deconstructionist' reading of accounts of theses systems might find embedded in them the postivist approach to knowledge that the system designers would seem on the face of it explicitely to have repudiated
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 45(1994) no.4, S.235-250
