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Davies, R.: Classification and ratiocination : a perennial quest (1986)
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Comaroni, J.P.: Book numbers : a historical study and practical guide to their use (1981)
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Pflug, G.: Classification in the libraries of the German Federal Republic (1982)
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Sweeney, R.: ¬The development of the Dewey Decimal Classification (1983)
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Lehnus, D.J.: Book numbers : history, principles and applications (1980)
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Whitrow, M.: ¬An eighteenth-century faceted classification scheme (1983)
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Miksa, F.L.: ¬The development of classification at the Library of Congress (1984)
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Hunter, E.J.: ¬The United Kingdom contribution to subject cataloguing and classification since 1945 (1987)
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Arntz, H.: Universality of classification? : Keynote address (1982)
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Rodriguez, R.D.: Kaiser's systematic indexing (1984)
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Satija, M.P.: History of book numbers (1987)
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Holiday, J.: Subject access: new technology and philosophical perspectives (1989)
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Hulme, E.W.: Principles of book classification (1985)
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- Abstract
- One of the earliest works on the theory of classification appeared in a series of six chapters an the "Principles of Book Classification" published between October 1911 and May 1912 in the Library Association Record. In this publication, the author, E. Wyndham Hulme (1859-1954) whose career included twenty-five years as Librarian of the British Patent Office, set forth the fundamentals of classification as manifested in both the classed and the alphabetical catalogs. The work and the ideas contained therein have largely been forgotten. However, one phrase stands out and has been used frequently in the discussions of classification and indexing, particularly in reference to systems such as Library of Congress Classification, Dewey Decimal Classification, and Library of Congress Subject Headings. That phrase is "literary warrant"-meaning that the basis for classification is to be found in the actual published literature rather than abstract philosophical ideas or concepts in the universe of knowledge or the "order of nature and system of the sciences." To the extent that classification and indexing systems should be based upon existing literature rather than the universe of human knowledge, the concept of "literary warrant" defines systems used in library and information services, as distinguished from a purely philosophical classification. Library classification attempts to classify library materials-the records of knowledge-rather than knowledge itself; the establishment of a class or a heading for a subject is based an existing literature treating that subject. The following excerpt contains Hulme's definition of "literary warrant." Hulme first rejects the notion of using "the nature of the subject matter to be divided" as the basis for establishing headings, then he proceeds to propose the use of "literary warrant," that is, "an accurate survey and measurement of classes in literature," as the determinant.
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Ranganathan, S.R.: Facet analysis: fundamental categories (1985)
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- Abstract
- Among the theorists in the field of subject analysis in the twentieth century, none has been more influential than S. R. Ranganathan (1892-1972) of India, a mathematician by training who turned to librarianship and made some of the most far-reaching contributions to the theory of librarianship in general and subject analysis in particular. Dissatisfied with both the Dewey Decimal Classification and the Universal Decimal Classification, Ranganathan set out to develop his own system. His Colon Classification was first published in 1933 and went through six editions; the seventh edition was in progress when Ranganathan died in 1972. In the course of developing the Colon Classification, Ranganathan formulated a body of classification theory which was published in numerous writings, of which the best known are Elements of Library Classification (1945; 3rd ed., 1962) and Prolegomena to Library Classification (1967). Among the principles Ranganathan established, the most powerful and influential are those relating to facet analysis. Ranganathan demonstrated that facet analysis (breaking down subjects into their component parts) and synthesis (recombining these parts to fit the documents) provide the most viable approach to representing the contents of documents. Although the idea and use of facets, though not always called by that name, have been present for a long time (for instance, in the Dewey Decimal Classification and Charles A. Cutter's Expansive Classification), Ranganathan was the person who systematized the ideas and established principles for them. For his Colon Classification, Ranganathan identified five fundamental categories: Personality (P), Material (M), Energy (E), Space (S) and Time (T) and the citation order PMEST based an the idea of decreasing concreteness.
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Bliss, H.E.: ¬A bibliographic classification : principles and definitions (1985)
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Martel, C.: Classification: a brief conspectus of present day library practice (1985)
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Dewey, M.: Decimal classification and relativ index : introduction (1985)
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Hopwood, H.V.: Dewey expanded (1985)
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Kaiser, J.O.: Systematic indexing (1985)
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