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Abstract

This paper analyzes the way in which the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) handles the categorization of open source software production, foregrounding theoretical and political aspects of knowledge organization. NAICS is the industry classification seheme used by the governments of Canada, Mexico and the United States to carry out their respective economic censuses. NAICS is considered a rational system that uses the underlying economic principle of similar production processes as the basis for its classes. For the Information Sector of the economy, as formulated in NAICS, a key production process is the acquisition and defense of copyright. With open source, copyleft licensing eliminates copyright acquisition and protection as major production processes, suggesting that the open source software industry warrants a separate NAICS category. More importantly, our analysis suggests that NAICS cannot be understood as a taxonomy of objective economic activity but is instead a politically and historically contingent system of data classification.

Type

a

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Abstract

Malone and Elichirigoity review the concept of "information" as it exists in the 1997 implemented North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), the current scheme for the organization of governmental data about the economies of the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The term represents one of 20 major economic sectors based upon processes of production and upon which data may be reported. It also represents a measurable commodity based upon the concept of copyright. A review of the background studies and reports which document the development of NAICS shows the desire for a single underlying principle, similarity of production processes rather than a marketing approach, and the construction of the information sector within the context of globalization and the internet. The three nations agreed in 1996 that the information sector should consist of industries engaged in the "transformation of information into a commodity that is produced, manipulated and distributed...," or as the NAICS manual states, industries that "primarily create and disseminate a product subject to copyright." However, industries that transfer or transport such products are also included which seems inconsistent with the production principle. In 2002 the category was modified to separate internet publishing and broadcasting from these subcategories and to create an internet services category.

Type

a