-
Sears' list of subject headings (2018)
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- Abstract
- The system is available both in print and online versions. Names a few new subject headings in areas like science, technology, engineering and medicine (STEM). In this edition, there are a total of 1,600 new headings making it a total of 12,000+ preferred headings meant for subject access in small and medium sized libraries. This unprecedented increase of about 1,600 headings is mostly due the complete incorporation of the Canadian Sears last published independently in 2006. Also critically examines inconsistencies in a few headings. Concludes to say the new edition in resplendent, hard binding maintains its stellar reputation of a handy list of general subject headings both for applications and a teaching resource.
- Date
- 21.12.2018 18:22:12
- Footnote
- Introduction und Rez. in: Knowledge Organization 45(2018) no.8, S.712-714. u.d.T. "Satija, M. P. 2018: "The 22nd edition (2018) of the Sears List of Subject Headings: A brief introduction." (DOI:10.5771/0943-7444-2018-8-712).
- Imprint
- Ipswich, Mas. : Grey House Publishing / H W Wilson
-
Stumpf, G.: RSWK - wirklich ein Relikt? (1995)
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- Footnote
- Soll eine Erwiderung sein auf: Lepsky, K.: RSWK - und was noch in: Bibliotheksdienst 29(1995) H.3, S.500-519.
- Source
- Bibliotheksdienst. 29(1995) H.4/5, S.670-682
- Type
- a
-
Studwell, W.E.: Why not an 'AACR' for subject headings? (1985)
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- Abstract
- Although the rules for descriptive cataloging have been recodified twice in the past twenty years, there never has been any kind of comprehensive theoretical code for subject headings, despite some suggestions for a code over the years. This essay explains the need for a code, provides historical background, and presents some broad proposals as to the philosophy, structure, and form of the code and what the code should cover. Included is the relation between the proposed code and the Library of Congress' 1984 Subject Cataloging Manual.
- Date
- 7. 1.2007 13:22:01
- Type
- a
-
Hearn, S.: Comparing catalogs : currency and consistency of controlled headings (2009)
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- Abstract
- Evaluative and comparative studies of catalog data have tended to focus on methods that are labor intensive, demand expertise, and can examine only a limited number of records. This study explores an alternative approach to gathering and analyzing catalog data, focusing on the currency and consistency of controlled headings. The resulting data provide insight into libraries' use of changed headings and their success in maintaining currency and consistency, and the systems needed to support the current pace of heading changes.
- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
- Type
- a
-
MacEwan, A.: Crossing language barriers in Europe : Linking LCSH to other subject heading languages (2000)
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- Abstract
- A study group representing four European national libraries (the Swiss National Library, Die Deutsche Bibliothek, the Bibliothèque nationale de France and The British Library) recently conducted a study on the possibility of establishing multilingual thesaural links between the headings in the LCSH authority file and the authority files of the German indexing system SWD/RSWK and the French indexing system RAMEAU. The study demonstrated a high level of correspondence in main headings, but also revealed a number of issues requiring further investigation. The study group's findings led to recommendations on the scope for the development of a prototype system for linking the three Subject Heading Languages (SHLs) in the databases of the four institutions
- Date
- 27. 5.2001 16:22:10
- Type
- a
-
Chan, L.M.; Hodges, T.: Entering the millennium : a new century for LCSH (2000)
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- Abstract
- Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), a system originally designed as a tool for subject access to the Library's own collection in the late nineteenth century, has become, in the course of the last century, the main subject retrieval tool in library catalogs throughout the United States and in many other countries. It is one of the largest non-specialized controlled vocabularies in the world. As LCSH enters a new century, it faces an information environment that has undergone vast changes from what had prevailed when LCSH began, or, indeed, from its state in the early days of the online age. In order to continue its mission and to be useful in spheres outside library catalogs as well, LCSH must adapt to the multifarious environment. One possible approach is to adopt a series of scalable and flexible syntax and application rules to meet the needs of different user communities
- Date
- 27. 5.2001 16:22:21
- Type
- a
-
Cheti, A.; Viti, E.: Functionality and merits of a faceted thesaurus : the case of the Nuovo soggettario (2023)
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- Abstract
- The Nuovo soggettario, the official Italian subject indexing system edited by the National Central Library of Florence, is made up of interactive components, the core of which is a general thesaurus and some rules of a conventional syntax for subject string construction. The Nuovo soggettario Thesaurus is in compliance with ISO 25964: 2011-2013, IFLA LRM, and FAIR principle (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability). Its open data are available in the Zthes, MARC21, and in SKOS formats and allow for interoperability with l library, archive, and museum databases. The Thesaurus's macrostructure is organized into four fundamental macro-categories, thirteen categories, and facets. The facets allow for the orderly development of hierarchies, thereby limiting polyhierarchies and promoting the grouping of homogenous concepts. This paper addresses the main features and peculiarities which have characterized the consistent development of this categorical structure and its effects on the syntactic sphere in a predominantly pre-coordinated usage context.
- Date
- 26.11.2023 18:59:22
- Type
- a
-
Hartley, J.; Sydes, M.: Which layout do you prefer? : an analysis of readers' preferences for different typographic layouts of structured abstracts (1996)
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- Abstract
- Structured abstracts are abstracts which include subheadings such as: background, aims, participants methods and results. These are rapidly replacing traditional abstracts in medical periodicals, but the number and detail of the subheadings used varies, and there is a range of different typographic settings. Reviews a number of studies designed to investigate readers' preferences for different typographic settings and layout. Over 400 readers took part in the study: students; postgraduates; research workers and academics in the social sciences. The most preferred version emerged from the last of 3 studies and 2 additional studies were then carried out to determine preferences for the overall position and layout of this most preferred version on a A4 page. The most preferred version for the setting of the subheadings are printed in bold capital letters
- Source
- Journal of information science. 22(1996) no.1, S.27-37
- Type
- a
-
O'Neill, E.T.; Chan, L.M.; Childress, E.; Dean, R.; El-Hoshy, L.M.; Vizine-Goetz, D.: Form subdivisions : their identification and use in LCSH (2001)
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- Abstract
- Form subdivisions have always been an important part of the Library of Congress Subject Headings. However, when the MARC format was developed, no separate subfield code to identify form subdivisions was defined. Form and topical subdivisions were both included within a general subdivision category. In 1995, the USMARC Advisory Group approved a proposal defining subfield v for form subdivisions, and in 1999 the Library of Congress (LC) began identifying form subdivisions with the new code. However, there are millions of older bibliographic records lacking the explicit form subdivision coding. Identifying form subdivisions retrospectively is not a simple task. An algorithmic method was developed to identify form subdivisions coded as general subdivisions. The algorithm was used to identify 2,563 unique form subdivisions or combinations of form subdivisions in OCLC's WorldCat. The algorithm proved to be highly accurate with an error rate estimated to be less than 0.1%. The observed usage of the form subdivisions was highly skewed with the 100 most used form subdivisions or combinations of subdivisions accounting for 90% of the assignments.
- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
- Type
- a
-
Anderson, J.D.; Pérez-Carballo, J.: Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) (2009)
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- Abstract
- Library of Congress Subject Headings (LSCH), which celebrated its 100th birthday in 1998, is the largest cataloging and indexing language in the world for the indication of the topics and formats of books and similar publications. It consists of a controlled list of main headings, many with subdivisions, with a rich system of cross references. It is supported by the U.S. government, and undergoes systematic revision. In recent decades its managers have begun to confront challenges such as biased terminology, complicated syntax (how terms are put together to form headings), and effective displays in electronic media. Many suggestions have been made for its improvement, including moving to a fully faceted system.
- Date
- 27. 8.2011 14:22:13
- Type
- a
-
Sauperl, A.: Precoordination or not? : a new view of the old question (2009)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - This paper aims to discuss some long-standing issues of the development of a subject heading language as pre- or postcoordinated. Design/methodology/approach - In a review of literature on pre- and postcoordination and user behaviour, 20 criteria originally discussed by Svenonius are considered. Findings - The advantages and disadvantages of pre- and postcoordinated systems are on a very similar level. Most subject heading languages developed recently are precoordinated. They all require investments in highly skilled intellectual work, and are therefore expensive and difficult to maintain. Postcoordinated systems seem to have more advantages for information providers, but less for users. However, most of these disadvantages could be overcome by known information retrieval models and techniques. Research limitations/implications - The criteria originally discussed by Svenonius are difficult to evaluate in an exact manner. Some of them are also irrelevant because of changes in information retrieval systems. Practical implications - It was found that the decision on whether to use a pre- or postcoordinated system cannot be taken independent of consideration of the subject authority file and the functions of an information retrieval system, which should support users on one hand and information providers and indexers on the other. Originality/value - This literature review brings together some findings that have not been considered together previously.
- Date
- 20. 6.2010 14:22:43
- Type
- a
-
Viti, E.: My first ten years : nuovo soggettario growing, development and integration with other knowledge organization systems (2017)
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- Abstract
- The Nuovo Soggettario is a subject indexing system edited by the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze. It was presented to librarians from across Italy on 8 February 2007 in Florence as a new edition of the Soggettario (1956), and it has become the official Italian subject indexing tool. This system is made up of two individual and interactive components: the general thesaurus, accessible on the web since 2007 and the rules of a conventional syntax for the construction of subject strings. The Nuovo soggettario thesaurus has grown significantly in terms of terminology and connections with other knowledge organization tools (e.g., encyclopedias, dictionaries, resources of archives and museums, and other information data sets), offering the users the possibility to browse through documents, books, objects, photographs, etc. The conversion of the Nuovo soggettario thesaurus into formats suitable for the semantic web and linked data world improves its function as an interlinking hub for direct searching and for organizing content by different professional communities. Thanks to structured data and the SKOS format, the Nuovo soggettario thesaurus is published on the Data Hub platform, thus giving broad visibility to the BNCF and its precious patrimony.
- Content
- Beitrag eines Special Issue: ISKO-Italy: 8' Incontro ISKO Italia, Università di Bologna, 22 maggio 2017, Bologna, Italia.
- Type
- a
-
Chan, L.M.: Library of Congress Subject Headings : principles and application (1995)
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- Date
- 25.11.2005 18:37:22
-
Svenonius, E.: Precoordination or not? (1995)
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- Content
- Vgl. auch: Sauperl, A.: Precoordination or not?: a new view of the old question. In: Journal of documentation. 65(2009) no.5, S.817-833.
- Footnote
- Vgl. auch die deutsche Übersetzung in: ZfBB (1994) H.3, S.294-297
- Type
- a
-
Korwin, W.; Lund, H.: Alphabetization (2019)
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- a
-
Liu, Y.-H.; Wacholder, N.: Evaluating the impact of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms on different types of searchers (2017)
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- Abstract
- A commonly used technique for improving search engine performance is result caching. In result caching, precomputed results (e.g., URLs and snippets of best matching pages) of certain queries are stored in a fast-access storage. The future occurrences of a query whose results are already stored in the cache can be directly served by the result cache, eliminating the need to process the query using costly computing resources. Although other performance metrics are possible, the main performance metric for evaluating the success of a result cache is hit rate. In this work, we present a machine learning approach to improve the hit rate of a result cache by facilitating a large number of features extracted from search engine query logs. We then apply the proposed machine learning approach to static, dynamic, and static-dynamic caching. Compared to the previous methods in the literature, the proposed approach improves the hit rate of the result cache up to 0.66%, which corresponds to 9.60% of the potential room for improvement.
- Type
- a
-
Wiesenmüller, H.: LCSH goes RSWK? : Überlegungen zur Diskussion um die "Library of Congress subject headings" (2009)
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- Abstract
- Im Jahr 1898 begann die Library of Congress mit der Arbeit an einem Schlagwortkatalog - die Geburtsstunde der 'Library of Congress subject headings' (LCSH). Heute stellen die LCSH das zentrale Werkzeug zur verbalen inhaltlichen Erschließung in der gesamten angloamerikanischen Welt dar. Auch die Kritik an diesem Erschließungssystem hat eine lange Geschichte: Sie lässt sich bis in die Mitte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts zurückverfolgen und betraf im Lauf der Zeit recht unterschiedliche Aspekte. Neu an der Debatte der letzten Jahre ist, dass die Struktur der LCSH ganz grundsätzlich in Frage gestellt wird. Eine Projektgruppe der Bibliothek der University of California etwa urteilte 2005: "LCSH's complex syntax and rules for constructing headings restrict its application by requiring highly skilled personnel and limit the effectiveness of automated authority control." In einer für die Library of Congress erstellten Expertise mit dem Titel 'On the record' von 2008 heißt es: "LCSH suffers (...) from a structure that is cumbersome from both administrative and automation points of view". Es wird empfohlen, die LCSH in ein flexibleres Werkzeug zu verwandeln: "Transform LCSH into a tool that provides a more flexible means to create and modify subject authority data." Dies beinhaltet zum einen ein "de-coupling of subject strings", also eine 'Entkoppelung' der fest zusammengefügten (präkombinierten) Eintragungen, und zum anderen die Möglichkeit, das LCSH-Vokabular für "faceted browsing and discovery" nutzbar zu machen . Besonders drastische Worte wurden 2006 im sogenannten 'Calhoun Report' gefunden - einem Papier, das mit seinen radikalen Thesen in der amerikanischen Bibliothekswelt viel Aufsehen erregte: Man müsse die Library of Congress dazu bringen, die LCSH zu 'zerschlagen' ("urge LC to dismantle LCSH") - ja, sie gar zu 'eliminieren' ("eliminate LCSH").
- Source
- Bibliotheksdienst. 43(2009) H.7, S.716-747
- Type
- a
-
Sandner, M.: Neues aus der Kommission für Sacherschliessung (2005)
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- Content
- "Unsere Sitzung fand diesmal am 13. 9. 2005 in Bozen im Rahmen der ODOK statt. Es waren daher auch viele interessierte Südtiroler und italienische Sacherschließungskollegen/-innen zu Gast. Eine der beiden Konferenzsprachen war Englisch, und so konnten wir Mehrsprachigkeit, das Thema unserer Sitzung und der beiden Gastvorträge, gleich selbst praktizieren. Patrice LANDRY, der Leiter der Sacherschließung an derSLB in Bern, der seit kurzem den Vorsitz der IFLA-Sektion "Classification and Indexing" und der Arbeitsgruppe "Guidelines for subject access for national bibliographic agencies" übernommen hatte, referierte über den jüngsten Stand des Projekts MACS (Multilingual Access to Subjects) und ließ uns am Nachmittag in seinem Workshop hinter die Kulissen der bereits mit echten Titeldaten operierenden Suchoberfläche blicken. Er zeigte die verschiedenen Recherche- und Editier-Funktionen im Management Linking System und brachte Beispiele für die kooperative Bearbeitung an einigen Datensätzen der bisher bereits miteinander verzahnten Normdateien SWD, LCSH und RAMEAU. Schließlich eröffnete er Ausblicke auf die künftige Einbindung weiterer Sprachen, etwa des Italienischen durch den Soggetario und auf die Anreicherung der Daten, etwa mit DDC-Notationen durch die Nähe zum DDB-Projekt "CrissCross". Federica PARADISI, die in der Sacherschließungsabteilung der BNC in Florenz sowohl für die italienische Übersetzung der DDC und deren Anwendung in ganz Italien als auch für die Überarbeitung des seit 1956 existierenden italienischen Wortschatzes für die verbale Erschließung und für dessen Aufbereitung zu einer modernen, bald auch elektronischen Normdatei zuständig ist und an der Erstellung der italienischen Nationalbibliografie mitwirkt, hat zuletzt gemeinsam mit Anna Lucarelli den Prototyp des "Nuovo Soggetario" erarbeitet und stellte dieses umfangreiche Projekt vor. Der von ihr skizzierte Zeitplan gibt Anlass zur Hoffnung, dass MACS für die Auffindung beschlagworteter Literatur in Bibliothekskatalogen schon in einem Jahr um einen sprachlichen Zugang reicher sein könnte. Beide Gastreferenten/-innen standen dem Auditorium im Anschluss an die Präsentationen für Fragen zur Verfügung, und die neuen fachlichen Kontakte vertieften sich in den Pausengesprächen noch mehr. Vor der Führung durch die Dewey-Ausstellung im Lichthof der UB Bozen demonstrierte Margit SANDNER zum Abschluss dieses multilingualen Sacherschließungsnachmittags mit einigen Beispielen in deutscherSprache die Suchfunktionen in den beiden Webversionen von DDC Deutsch MelvilSearch (für OPACs) und MelvilClass (für das Klassifizieren) und kündigte an, dass ab Oktober bis Jahresende kostenlose Testaccounts vergeben werden. Wer daran interessiert ist, diese deutschsprachigen Webtools bereits auszuprobieren, wendet sich am besten direkt an Herrn Dr. Lars Svensson in Der Deutschen Bibliothek in Frankfurt: svensson@dbf.ddb.de. Die ab Jänner 2006 gültigen Lizenzbedingungen für "Melvil" entnehmen Sie bitte: http//www.ddc-deutsch.de/licence-melvil.html Noch zwei aktuelle Hinweise: - Informationstag der Arbeitsstelle für Standardisierung (DDB) über aktuelle Tendenzen in Sachen Regelwerke f. Formal- und Sacherschließung, Formate, Normdateien und Datentausch am 15. November in Wien. - Aufsatz über die Zukunft der SWD von Esther Scheven (BD 2005, H. 6, S. 748-773), in dem u. a. auch auf unsere seinerzeitige KofSE-Studie: Schlagwort "Benutzerforschung" ... (VÖB-Mitt. 1997, H. 3-4, S. 28-49) rekurriert wird."
- Location
- A
- Source
- Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 58(2005) H.3, S.83-84
- Type
- a
-
Svenonius, E.: Präkoordination - ja oder nein? (1994)
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- Source
- Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 41(1994) H.3, S.279-294
- Type
- a
-
(Sears') List of Subject Headings (1994)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Knowledge organization 22(1995) no.1, S.45-46 (M.P. Satija)
