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Fugmann, R.: ¬Die Grenzen des Thesaurus-Verfahrens bei der Wiedergabe von Begriffsrelationen (1975)
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Fugmann, R.: Comments on: the UNISIST draft on indexing principles (1977)
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Fugmann, R.: Zur Frage der Vereinheitlichung des Indexierens (1978)
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Fugmann, R.; Winter, J.H.: Reverse retrieval : toward analogy inferences by mechanized classification (treatise 7 on retrieval system theory) (1979)
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Fugmann, R.; Denk, W.: Variations in the order-creating power of interactive retrieval systems : treatise 8 on retrieval system theory (1980)
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Fugmann, R.: ¬The complementarity of natural and indexing languages (1982)
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Fugmann, R.: Book indexing : the classificatory approach (1994)
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- Abstract
- The contents of scientific and technical handbooks often needs fast, reliable and precise subject access, even if the searcher is not familiar with the terminology of the book and has not read it beforehand. This requires careful and expert subject indexing in a highly specific indexing vocabulary, as well as the presentation of the resulting index in a lucid, conceptually transparent manner in print and on disk. Index users, when looking up a general subject heading, often ignore the necessity of looking up the appertaining hierarchically subordinate, more specific subject headings, too. They are either not made aware of these subject headings or their use is felt to be too cumbersome. A classifies approach to computerized subject indexing is described which resembles Ranganathan's Classified Catalogue. Through a variety of peculiarities it leads the searcher rapidly and easily to all subject headings related to a primarily chosen one, and to the postings under all these headings
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Fugmann, R.: ¬The complementarity of natural and indexing languages (1985)
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- Abstract
- The second Cranfield experiment (Cranfield II) in the mid-1960s challenged assumptions held by librarians for nearly a century, namely, that the objective of providing subject access was to bring together all materials an a given topic and that the achieving of this objective required vocabulary control in the form of an index language. The results of Cranfield II were replicated by other retrieval experiments quick to follow its lead and increasing support was given to the opinion that natural language information systems could perform at least as effectively, and certainly more economically, than those employing index languages. When the results of empirical research dramatically counter conventional wisdom, an obvious course is to question the validity of the research and, in the case of retrieval experiments, this eventually happened. Retrieval experiments were criticized for their artificiality, their unrepresentative sampies, and their problematic definitions-particularly the definition of relevance. In the minds of some, at least, the relative merits of natural languages vs. indexing languages continued to be an unresolved issue. As with many eitherlor options, a seemingly safe course to follow is to opt for "both," and indeed there seems to be an increasing amount of counsel advising a combination of natural language and index language search capabilities. One strong voice offering such counsel is that of Robert Fugmann, a chemist by training, a theoretician by predilection, and, currently, a practicing information scientist at Hoechst AG, Frankfurt/Main. This selection from his writings sheds light an the capabilities and limitations of both kinds of indexing. Its special significance lies in the fact that its arguments are based not an empirical but an rational grounds. Fugmann's major argument starts from the observation that in natural language there are essentially two different kinds of concepts: 1) individual concepts, repre sented by names of individual things (e.g., the name of the town Augsburg), and 2) general concepts represented by names of classes of things (e.g., pesticides). Individual concepts can be represented in language simply and succinctly, often by a single string of alphanumeric characters; general concepts, an the other hand, can be expressed in a multiplicity of ways. The word pesticides refers to the concept of pesticides, but also referring to this concept are numerous circumlocutions, such as "Substance X was effective against pests." Because natural language is capable of infinite variety, we cannot predict a priori the manifold ways a general concept, like pesticides, will be represented by any given author. It is this lack of predictability that limits natural language retrieval and causes poor precision and recall. Thus, the essential and defining characteristic of an index language ls that it is a tool for representational predictability.
- Source
- Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al
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Fugmann, R.; Kusemann, G.; Winter, H.J.: ¬The supply of information an chemical reactions in the IDC system (1979)
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Fugmann, R.: On the role of subjectivity in establishing, using, operating and evaluating information retrieval systems : treatise 2 on information retrieval theory (1973)
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Fugmann, R.; Nickelsen, H.; Nickelsen, I.; Winter, J.H.: TOSAR: ein topologisches Verfahren zur Wiedergabe von synthetischen und analytischen Relationen von Begriffen (1970)
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Fugmann, R.: Concluding remarks (1996)
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Fugmann, R.: ¬The empirical approach in the evaluation of information systems (1999)
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- Abstract
- The comparative evaluation of different mechanized information systems continues to constitute a controversial topic in the literature. Diametrically differemt opinions, seemingly corroborated through empirical evidence, have been presented since the time of the Cranfield experiments. For literally anything an empirical 'proof' can be submitted provided that suitable examples are selected and methods are chosen. substantial advance in Library and Information Science requires abandoning empiricism. Budd's 'hermeneutic phenomenoloy' seems to constitute a promising substitute
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Fugmann, R.: ¬The complementarity of natural and indexing languages (1982)
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Fugmann, R.; Nickelsen, H.; Nickelsen, I.; Winter, J.H.: Representation of concept relations using the TOSAR system of IDC : treatise 3 on information retrieval theory (1974)
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Fugmann, R.: ¬Der Mangel an Grammatik bei Indexsprachen und seine Folgen (1987)
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Fugmann, R.; Winter, J.H.: Durch mechanisierte Klassifikation zum Analogieschluß (1979)
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Fugmann, R.; Braun, W.: ¬Die hierarchische Notation von Begriffen : ein lohnendes Arbeitsfeld für programmgesteuerte Rechenautomaten ; zugleich ein Beitrag zum System der Oktaven von Ranganathan (1962)
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Fugmann, R.: ¬Die Suppeneuphorie : eine zeitkritische Satire (2013)
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Fugmann, R.: ¬An interactive classaurus on the PC (1990)
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- Abstract
- Both classification systems and thesauri have their specific strengths and weaknesses. Through properly combining both approaches one can eliminate the latter and largely preserve the strenghts. 'Classauri' which originate in this well-known way are most effective if they are constructed and applied during computer-aided indexing. A special variety of classaurus is described which is characterized by the employment of simple bur highly effective conceptual and technical devices and by the renunciation of attempts to generate the wording of index entries algorithmically
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