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Series

Edition C / C ; 373 : Paperback

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Abstract

What is consciousness? How do physical processes in the brain give rise to the self-aware mind and to feelings as profoundly varied as love or hate, aesthetic pleasure or spiritual yearning? These questions today are among the most hotly debated issues among scientists and philosophers, and we have seen in recent years superb volumes by such eminent figures as Francis Crick, Daniel C. Dennett, Gerald Edelman, and Roger Penrose, all firing volleys in what has come to be called the consciousness wars. Now, in The Conscious Mind, philosopher David J. Chalmers offers a cogent analysis of this heated debate as he unveils a major new theory of consciousness, one that rejects the prevailing reductionist trend of science, while offering provocative insights into the relationship between mind and brain. Writing in a rigorous, thought-provoking style, the author takes us on a far-reaching tour through the philosophical ramifications of consciousness. Chalmers convincingly reveals how contemporary cognitive science and neurobiology have failed to explain how and why mental events emerge from physiological occurrences in the brain. He proposes instead that conscious experience must be understood in an entirely new light--as an irreducible entity (similar to such physical properties as time, mass, and space) that exists at a fundamental level and cannot be understood as the sum of its parts. And after suggesting some intriguing possibilities about the structure and laws of conscious experience, he details how his unique reinterpretation of the mind could be the focus of a new science. Throughout the book, Chalmers provides fascinating thought experiments that trenchantly illustrate his ideas. For example, in exploring the notion that consciousness could be experienced by machines as well as humans, Chalmers asks us to imagine a thinking brain in which neurons are slowly replaced by silicon chips that precisely duplicate their functions--as the neurons are replaced, will consciousness gradually fade away? The book also features thoughtful discussions of how the author's theories might be practically applied to subjects as diverse as artificial intelligence and the interpretation of quantum mechanics.

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Issue

2., revidierte und ergänzte Auflage. Übersetzt von E. H. Serr unter Mitarbeit von E. Henze.

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Footnote

Originaltitel: Shadows of the mind. Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft 1996, H.8, S.118-119 (I. Diener)

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Abstract

In dem Buch werden Themen wie z. B. der Gegensatz der kulturellen Vorstellung des faustischen Homunkulus auf der einen Seite und der des Robots auf der anderen Seite in geradezu spannender Art und Weise behandelt. In dem Beitrag 'Erkennen und Wollen' werden der scheinbare Gegensatz der Prozesse des Erkennens ('am Anfang war das Wort') und des Wollens ('am Anfang war die Tat') und die kulturellen Hintergründe dieser heute immer noch vorherrschenden dichotomen, d. h., zweigeteilten 'Entweder-Oder'-Vorstellung in der abendländischen Kultur diskutiert. Gerade dieser Beitrag, der in der vorliegenden Auflage neu hinzugekommen ist, bietet natürlich auch Anregungen für die Entwicklung intelligenter technischer Systeme - es handelt sich also um einen Aufsatz, der durchaus auch in einer Fachzeitschrift für künstliche Intelligenz hätte stehen können und der nicht nur für den Fachmann sondern auch für den interessierten und gebildeten Laien verständlich ist. Da Gotthard Günther neben Philosophie und Logik auch Indologie, klassisches Chinesisch, Sanskrit und vergleichende Religionswissenschaften studiert hat, kann sich der Leser über kleinere, kompetent geführte geistige Ausflüge in andere Kulturen erfreuen und sich zu weiteren Studien anregen lassen. Das ist im Zeitalter der Globalisierung sicherlich ein zusätzlicher Gewinn. Eine kurze Biographie Gotthard Günthers sowie eine kleine Einführung in seine Arbeiten sollen dem Leser nicht nur den Zugang zu diesem Autor und seinem Werk erleichtern, sondern ihm auch die Möglichkeit einer Zuordnung seiner Arbeiten - und das betrifft vor allem auch die Theorie der Polykontexturalität - vor dem Hintergrund der heutigen Gehirn- und künstlichen Intelligenz-Forschung geben. (Joachim Paul)