Search (71 results, page 1 of 4)

  • × language_ss:"d"
  • × theme_ss:"Bibliographie"
  1. Bezzel, I. (Red.): Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachkreis erschienenen Drucke des 16. Jahrhunderts: VD16 : Abt.1: Verfasser, Körperschaften, Anonyma (1983-95) 0.04 
    0.043793283 = product of:
  0.08758657 = sum of:
    0.08758657 = product of:
      0.13137984 = sum of:
        0.07055833 = weight(_text_:i in 5319) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.07055833 = score(doc=5319,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16931784 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.41672117 = fieldWeight in 5319, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5319)
        0.060821515 = weight(_text_:22 in 5319) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.060821515 = score(doc=5319,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15720168 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 5319, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5319)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Pages
    Bd.1-22
  2. Kowalewski, I.: Barockliteratur online im Internet : Das Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachraum erschienenen Drucke des 17. Jahrhunderts (VD 17) (1999) 0.03 
    0.030655298 = product of:
  0.061310597 = sum of:
    0.061310597 = product of:
      0.09196589 = sum of:
        0.049390834 = weight(_text_:i in 1637) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.049390834 = score(doc=1637,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16931784 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.29170483 = fieldWeight in 1637, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1637)
        0.042575058 = weight(_text_:22 in 1637) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.042575058 = score(doc=1637,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15720168 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 1637, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1637)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Date
    22. 2.2000 10:31:39
  3. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin: Datenbank "Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke" online (2003) 0.03 
    0.026275968 = product of:
  0.052551936 = sum of:
    0.052551936 = product of:
      0.0788279 = sum of:
        0.042335 = weight(_text_:i in 1933) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.042335 = score(doc=1933,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16931784 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.25003272 = fieldWeight in 1933, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1933)
        0.036492907 = weight(_text_:22 in 1933) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.036492907 = score(doc=1933,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15720168 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 1933, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1933)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Abstract
    Die kostenfrei zugängliche Datenbank "Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke" wurde am 20. August 2003 offiziell für die Fachwelt im Internet bereitgestellt. Ausgangspunkt für diese Datenbank ist die seit 1925 im Hiersemann Verlag in Einzelbänden erscheinende Druck-Version des "Gesamtkatalogs der Wiegendrucke", die weltweit sämtliche Drucke des 15. Jahrhunderts in alphabetischer Form nachweist. Der Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke wird seit fast 100 Jahren in der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin redaktionell bearbeitet. Bisher erschienen zehn Bände, die die Alphabetteile "A-H" umfassen. Dieses Material sowie die umfangreiche Materialsammlung der Redaktion, die nunmehr auch den Alphabetteil "I-Z" umfasst, wurde in den letzten Jahren mit Hilfe der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) elektronisch aufbereitet. Die Datenbank enthält unter anderem Angaben zum Umfang, zur Zeilenzahl, zu den Drucktypen sowie teilweise auch die Besitznachweise von Wiegendrucken. Anhand eines Verzeichnisses aller inkunabelbesitzenden Bibliotheken lassen sich die zum Teil spannenden Wege von Inkunabel-Sammlungen nachvollziehen. Die Suchmaschine ist keine übliche Web-Applikation. Sowohl Server als auch Klient laufen auf einem Applikations-Server in der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin.
    Date
    21. 8.2004 18:42:22
  4. Stella, K.: Brigitte Reimann : kommentierte Bibliografie und Werkverzeichnis (2014) 0.02 
    0.023967117 = product of:
  0.047934234 = sum of:
    0.047934234 = product of:
      0.07190135 = sum of:
        0.035408445 = weight(_text_:c in 1488) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.035408445 = score(doc=1488,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15484828 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.22866541 = fieldWeight in 1488, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.4494052 = idf(docFreq=3817, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1488)
        0.036492907 = weight(_text_:22 in 1488) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.036492907 = score(doc=1488,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15720168 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 1488, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1488)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Abstract
    Im Aisthesis Verlag ist der erste Teil der Bibliografie Brigitte Reimann von Kristina Stella erschienen. Die Bibliografie ist das Ergebnis der jahrelangen Recherchen Stellas in Bibliotheken und Archiven. Das umfangreiche Nachschlagewerk ermöglicht erstmalig einen vollständigen Überblick über das Werk der DDR-Schriftstellerin und dessen Rezeption. Teil A verzeichnet die Primärliteratur und enthält zahlreiche Hintergrundinformationen zu den Werken und deren unterschiedlichen Ausgaben. Der Nachweis der Originalmanuskripte und der umfangreichen Korrespondenz Brigitte Reimanns mit Privatpersonen und Institutionen bietet eine umfassende Übersicht über die in den Archiven vorhandenen Dokumente. Bühnenwerke, Rundfunksendungen, Fernsehsendungen und Veranstaltungen mit Beteiligung von Brigitte Reimann werden in Auswahl nachgewiesen. Teil B dokumentiert die Sekundärliteratur zu den Texten Reimanns sowie die auf die Person Brigitte Reimann bezogenen Publikationen. Der Nachweis der Originaldokumente im Sekundärteil verzeichnet unter anderem die der Forschung zugänglichen Akten des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit. Bühnenwerke, Rundfunksendungen, Fernsehsendungen und Veranstaltungen über Brigitte Reimann werden in Auswahl nachgewiesen. Teil C bietet mittels zahlreicher Register und Verzeichnisse umfangreiche Sucheinstiege für den Primär- und Sekundärteil. Er enthält zudem die Auflistung von nach Brigitte Reimann benannten Preisen, Wettbewerben, Institutionen und Straßen.
    Series
    Bibliographien zur deutschen Literaturgeschichte ; 22
  5. Heydrich, J.: Bibliographie der Bibliographien für Leitbibliotheken (1981) 0.02 
    0.018815555 = product of:
  0.03763111 = sum of:
    0.03763111 = product of:
      0.11289333 = sum of:
        0.11289333 = weight(_text_:i in 4313) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.11289333 = score(doc=4313,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16931784 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.6667539 = fieldWeight in 4313, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4313)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Type
    i
  6. Berghoeffer, C.W.: Gesamtkatalog und einheitlicher Zetteldruck : I. Zur Organisation des Unternehmens (1906) 0.02 
    0.018815555 = product of:
  0.03763111 = sum of:
    0.03763111 = product of:
      0.11289333 = sum of:
        0.11289333 = weight(_text_:i in 6017) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.11289333 = score(doc=6017,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16931784 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.6667539 = fieldWeight in 6017, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6017)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
  7. Zeitschriften in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken : Grundbestandsliste (1992) 0.02 
    0.016463611 = product of:
  0.032927223 = sum of:
    0.032927223 = product of:
      0.09878167 = sum of:
        0.09878167 = weight(_text_:i in 3820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.09878167 = score(doc=3820,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16931784 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.58340967 = fieldWeight in 3820, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3820)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Type
    i
  8. Pflug, G.: ¬Das Internationale Biographische Informationssystem (1994) 0.02 
    0.016463611 = product of:
  0.032927223 = sum of:
    0.032927223 = product of:
      0.09878167 = sum of:
        0.09878167 = weight(_text_:i in 7389) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.09878167 = score(doc=7389,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16931784 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.58340967 = fieldWeight in 7389, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=7389)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Type
    i
  9. Bezzel, I.: ¬Das 'Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachkreis erschienenen Drucke des 16. Jahrhunderts' (VD16) im Spiegel der Rezensionen (1986) 0.02 
    0.016463611 = product of:
  0.032927223 = sum of:
    0.032927223 = product of:
      0.09878167 = sum of:
        0.09878167 = weight(_text_:i in 1641) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.09878167 = score(doc=1641,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16931784 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.58340967 = fieldWeight in 1641, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1641)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
  10. Hilger, H.: 40 Jahre Zentralkatalog Baden-Württemberg : Rückschau und Ausblick (1996) 0.02 
    0.01621907 = product of:
  0.03243814 = sum of:
    0.03243814 = product of:
      0.09731442 = sum of:
        0.09731442 = weight(_text_:22 in 1135) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.09731442 = score(doc=1135,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15720168 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 1135, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1135)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Date
    21. 9.1996 16:03:22
  11. Boden, H.: Bibliographische Ermittlungsaufgaben : Gruppenaufgaben 01-35 (1980) 0.02 
    0.01621907 = product of:
  0.03243814 = sum of:
    0.03243814 = product of:
      0.09731442 = sum of:
        0.09731442 = weight(_text_:22 in 3679) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.09731442 = score(doc=3679,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15720168 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 3679, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3679)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Date
    22. 5.1999 18:14:05
  12. Wollschläger, H.: Welt-Archiv der Vergangenheit (1994) 0.01 
    0.014191686 = product of:
  0.028383372 = sum of:
    0.028383372 = product of:
      0.085150115 = sum of:
        0.085150115 = weight(_text_:22 in 8997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.085150115 = score(doc=8997,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15720168 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 8997, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=8997)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Source
    Süddeutsche Zeitung. Nr.xx vom 21./22./23.5.1994, S
  13. Bibliodata - Die Deutsche Bibliographie online (1988) 0.01 
    0.014191686 = product of:
  0.028383372 = sum of:
    0.028383372 = product of:
      0.085150115 = sum of:
        0.085150115 = weight(_text_:22 in 4006) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.085150115 = score(doc=4006,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15720168 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 4006, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4006)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Date
    22. 8.1999 20:13:43
  14. Schneider, A.: ¬Die Verzeichnung und sachliche Erschließung der Belletristik in Kaysers Bücherlexikon und im Schlagwortkatalog Georg/Ost (1980) 0.01 
    0.014191686 = product of:
  0.028383372 = sum of:
    0.028383372 = product of:
      0.085150115 = sum of:
        0.085150115 = weight(_text_:22 in 5309) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.085150115 = score(doc=5309,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15720168 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 5309, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5309)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Date
    5. 8.2006 13:07:22
  15. Gerber, B.: Elektronische Zeitschriften : Das 6. Hamburger Kolloquium im Zeichen der Neuen Medien (2001) 0.01 
    0.014191686 = product of:
  0.028383372 = sum of:
    0.028383372 = product of:
      0.085150115 = sum of:
        0.085150115 = weight(_text_:22 in 5669) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.085150115 = score(doc=5669,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15720168 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 5669, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5669)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Date
    22. 3.2001 12:14:06
  16. Lang, L.; Dikovich, W.; Labner, J.: ÖZDB-Compact, Version 1.0 (1994) : die ÖZDB auf CD-ROM (1995) 0.01 
    0.014191686 = product of:
  0.028383372 = sum of:
    0.028383372 = product of:
      0.085150115 = sum of:
        0.085150115 = weight(_text_:22 in 3903) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.085150115 = score(doc=3903,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15720168 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 3903, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3903)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Source
    Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 48(1995) H.1, S.22-29
  17. Informationsmittel für Bibliotheken (IFB) : Besprechungsdienst und Berichte (1995) 0.01 
    0.014111667 = product of:
  0.028223334 = sum of:
    0.028223334 = product of:
      0.08467 = sum of:
        0.08467 = weight(_text_:i in 1179) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.08467 = score(doc=1179,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16931784 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.50006545 = fieldWeight in 1179, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1179)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Type
    i
  18. Illmer, I.: ¬... zur IBZ ... (genauer Titel nicht bekannt) (1995) 0.01 
    0.014111667 = product of:
  0.028223334 = sum of:
    0.028223334 = product of:
      0.08467 = sum of:
        0.08467 = weight(_text_:i in 2594) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.08467 = score(doc=2594,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16931784 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.50006545 = fieldWeight in 2594, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=2594)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
  19. Bärmann, U.: Neue CD-ROM Der Deutschen Bibliothek : DNB-CD retro (1995) 0.01 
    0.014111667 = product of:
  0.028223334 = sum of:
    0.028223334 = product of:
      0.08467 = sum of:
        0.08467 = weight(_text_:i in 5852) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.08467 = score(doc=5852,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16931784 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.50006545 = fieldWeight in 5852, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5852)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Abstract
    Enthält Titel aus dem AK I der DB mit Berichtszeitraum 1945-1965
  20. Informationsmittel für Bibliotheken (IFB) : Besprechungsdienst und Berichte (1996) 0.01 
    0.014111667 = product of:
  0.028223334 = sum of:
    0.028223334 = product of:
      0.08467 = sum of:
        0.08467 = weight(_text_:i in 3041) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.08467 = score(doc=3041,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16931784 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.044891298 = queryNorm
            0.50006545 = fieldWeight in 3041, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.7717297 = idf(docFreq=2765, maxDocs=44218)
              0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3041)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(1/2)
    Type
    i

Authors

Years

Types

  • a 41
  • i 12
  • m 8
  • el 6
  • b 5
  • x 5
  • s 3
  • z 2
  • r 1
  • u 1
  • More… Less…

Themes

Subjects

Classifications