Search (12 results, page 1 of 1)

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Date

22. 7.2000 19:17:40

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Date

6. 1.1999 10:29:22

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Date

6. 1.1999 10:22:45

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Editor

Heyer, G. u. C. Wolff

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Date

22. 4.2007 12:21:29

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Source

Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon

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Classification

I 010

KAB

I 010

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Issue

Hrsg. u. übers. aus dem Amerikanischen von J. Grabowski u. C. Fellbaum.

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Content

Concepts and Language: The Role of Conceptual Structure in Human Evolution (Keith Devlin) - Concepts in Linguistics - Concepts in Natural Language (Gisela Harras) - Patterns, Schemata, and Types: Author Support through Formalized Experience (Felix H. Gatzemeier) - Conventions and Notations for Knowledge Representation and Retrieval (Philippe Martin) - Conceptual Ontology: Ontology, Metadata, and Semiotics (John F. Sowa) - Pragmatically Yours (Mary Keeler) - Conceptual Modeling for Distributed Ontology Environments (Deborah L. McGuinness) - Discovery of Class Relations in Exception Structured Knowledge Bases (Hendra Suryanto, Paul Compton) - Conceptual Graphs: Perspectives: CGs Applications: Where Are We 7 Years after the First ICCS ? (Michel Chein, David Genest) - The Engineering of a CC-Based System: Fundamental Issues (Guy W. Mineau) - Conceptual Graphs, Metamodeling, and Notation of Concepts (Olivier Gerbé, Guy W. Mineau, Rudolf K. Keller) - Knowledge Representation and Reasonings: Based on Graph Homomorphism (Marie-Laure Mugnier) - User Modeling Using Conceptual Graphs for Intelligent Agents (James F. Baldwin, Trevor P. Martin, Aimilia Tzanavari) - Towards a Unified Querying System of Both Structured and Semi-structured Imprecise Data Using Fuzzy View (Patrice Buche, Ollivier Haemmerlé) - Formal Semantics of Conceptual Structures: The Extensional Semantics of the Conceptual Graph Formalism (Guy W. Mineau) - Semantics of Attribute Relations in Conceptual Graphs (Pavel Kocura) - Nested Concept Graphs and Triadic Power Context Families (Susanne Prediger) - Negations in Simple Concept Graphs (Frithjof Dau) - Extending the CG Model by Simulations (Jean-François Baget) - Contextual Logic and Formal Concept Analysis: Building and Structuring Description Logic Knowledge Bases: Using Least Common Subsumers and Concept Analysis (Franz Baader, Ralf Molitor) - On the Contextual Logic of Ordinal Data (Silke Pollandt, Rudolf Wille) - Boolean Concept Logic (Rudolf Wille) - Lattices of Triadic Concept Graphs (Bernd Groh, Rudolf Wille) - Formalizing Hypotheses with Concepts (Bernhard Ganter, Sergei 0. Kuznetsov) - Generalized Formal Concept Analysis (Laurent Chaudron, Nicolas Maille) - A Logical Generalization of Formal Concept Analysis (Sébastien Ferré, Olivier Ridoux) - On the Treatment of Incomplete Knowledge in Formal Concept Analysis (Peter Burmeister, Richard Holzer) - Conceptual Structures in Practice: Logic-Based Networks: Concept Graphs and Conceptual Structures (Peter W. Eklund) - Conceptual Knowledge Discovery and Data Analysis (Joachim Hereth, Gerd Stumme, Rudolf Wille, Uta Wille) - CEM - A Conceptual Email Manager (Richard Cole, Gerd Stumme) - A Contextual-Logic Extension of TOSCANA (Peter Eklund, Bernd Groh, Gerd Stumme, Rudolf Wille) - A Conceptual Graph Model for W3C Resource Description Framework (Olivier Corby, Rose Dieng, Cédric Hébert) - Computational Aspects of Conceptual Structures: Computing with Conceptual Structures (Bernhard Ganter) - Symmetry and the Computation of Conceptual Structures (Robert Levinson) An Introduction to SNePS 3 (Stuart C. Shapiro) - Composition Norm Dynamics Calculation with Conceptual Graphs (Aldo de Moor) - From PROLOG++ to PROLOG+CG: A CG Object-Oriented Logic Programming Language (Adil Kabbaj, Martin Janta-Polczynski) - A Cost-Bounded Algorithm to Control Events Generalization (Gaël de Chalendar, Brigitte Grau, Olivier Ferret)

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Content

Schon Gottlob Frege sagt im Vorwort zu seiner "Begriffsschrift": "Wenn es eine Aufgabe der Philosophie ist, die Herrschaft des Wortes über den menschlichen Geist zu brechen, indem sie die Täuschungen aufdeckt, die durch den Sprachgebrauch über die Beziehungen der Begriffe oft fast unvermeidlich entstehen, indem sie den Gedanken von demjenigen befreit, womit ihn allein die Beschaffenheit des sprachlichen Ausdrucksmittels behaftet, so wird meine Begriffsschrift, für diese Zwecke weiter ausgebildet, den Philosophen ein brauchbares Werkzeug werden können." Aus dem "Wenn"-Satz Freges wird dann eine kategorische Behauptung und schon für Russell besteht die wichtigste Aufgabe der Philosophie "in criticizing and clarifying notions which are apt to be regarded as fundamental and accepted uncritically. As instances I might mention: mind, matter, consciousness, knowledge, experience, causality, will, time." Und Carnap schreibt im Vorwort zur 2. Auflage seines Buches "Der logische Aufbau der Welt": "Die neuen Bestimmungen [der Begriffe] sollen den alten in Klarheit und Exaktheit überlegen sein und sich vor allem besser in ein systematisches Begriffsgebäude einfügen. Eine solche Begriffserklärung, heute oft "Explikation" genannt, scheint mir immer noch eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben der Philosophie zu sein." Für Wittgenstein ist schon im "Traktat" alle Philosophie Sprachkritik und in den "Philosophischen Un-tersuchungen" ist Philosophie nichts anderes als ein ständiger Kampf gegen die "Verhexung unsres Verstandes durch die Mittel unserer Sprache"." Für viele Anhänger der Ordinary-Language-Philosophie endlich bedeutet die Hinwendung der Philosophie zur Sprache, der "linguistic turn", die große Revolution der modernen Philosophie. So sagt Austin: ". . . it cannot be doubted that they [diese Methoden der Sprachkritik] are producing a revolution in philosophy. If anyone wishes to call it the greatest and most salutary in its history, this is not, if you come to think of it, a large claim."

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Abstract

Neuere Entwicklungen auf kognitionswissenschaftlichem Gebiet zeigen jedoch, daß eine empirisch ausgerichtete computerlinguistische Semantikforschung einzelwissenschaftliche Ansätze auf diesem Gebiet integrieren und Lösungen gerade in bezug auf solche Probleme anbieten kann, die sich aus einer der augenfälligsten Besonderheiten natürlichsprachlicher Bedeutungen als dem Resultat regelgeleiteter Verwendung von Sprachzeichen in Kommunikationssituationen ergeben: der Vagheit. Nach der einleitenden, aus semiotischer Sicht formulierten Kritik an der strukturalistischen Statik linguistischer Theorien und Bechreibungsmodelle (Kapitel I) werden vor diesem Hintergrund im ersten Teil der Arbeit die zusätzlichen Begründungszusammenhänge für eine den Prozeß der Sprachverwendung einbeziehende empirische Modellbildung in der Semantik entwickelt, die sich aus den bisherigen Ergebnissen Kognitions-theoretischer und Informations-verarbeitender Forschungsansätze ergeben. In einem Überblick über die bisherige sprachphilosophische, sprachlogische und sprachwissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit dem Phänomen semantischer Unschärfe (Kapitel II und III) und einer methodologischen Grundlegung Performanz-linguistischer Untersuchungen anhand statistischer Corpusanalyse, des Problems der Repräsentativität und des Computereinsatzes (Kapitel IV) wird nachfolgend eine kritische Bewertung der bisher einschlägigen Ergebnisse versucht (Kapitel V) die im Umkreis vornehmlich der experimentellen Psychologie mit ihrer Kognitions- und Verstehens-Forschung sowie der künstlichen Intelligenz mit ihren natürlichsprachlichen Systemen und Modellen zur Wissensrepräsentation entstanden.