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Date

22. 1.2017 17:12:50

Editor

Cronin, B. u. C.R. Sugimoto

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Classification

303.48/33 22

DDC

303.48/33 22

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.1, S.151-152 (R. Gazan): "Anyone who has ever struggled to describe social informatics to a skeptical colleague or a room full of students will appreciate this clear and well-organized introduction to the field. It is at once a literature review, a teaching guide, and an outreach manifesto for integrating the social aspects of information and communication technologies (ICTs) into system design, analysis, and research. The context of this book is of particular importance. Rob Kling founded social informatics as a research field, and led the creation of the Center for Social Informatics at Indiana University. Kling pinpoints 1996 as the year when his long-simmering ideas coalesced into social informatics, though in the Foreword, William H. Dutton argues that the birth date of the field was actually more than a decade earlier. Kling, Howard Rosenbaum, and Steve Sawyer worked on this book intermittently for years, but upon Kling's death in May 2003, Rosenbaum and Sawyer completed the work. Under the circumstances, the book could easily have become a festschrift or celebration of Kling's career, but the authors maintain tight focus on the findings and applicability of social informatics research throughout. While much of Kling's work is cited, and very little of it critiqued, overall there is a good balance and synthesis of diverse approaches to social informatics research. Creating a conceptual critical mass around an idea like social informatics is only the first phase in its evolution. The initial working definition of social informatics-"the interdisciplinary study of the design, uses and consequences of ICTs that takes into account their interaction with institutional and cultural contexts" (p. 6)-was developed at a seminal 1997 workshop, and background information about the workshop's participants and process is summarized in two brief appendices. The results of this workshop yielded a raft of empirical studies, and at this point in the development of social informatics, the authors' focus on applying and extending the results of these initial studies is particularly well-timed. The authors identify a disconnect between popular, professional, and scholarly discourse on how ICTs coevolve with organizations, institutions, and society, and they aim to bridge this gap by providing a "pointer to the practical value of the scholarship on organizational and societal effects of computerization" (p. 3).
In the authors' view, the primary means to more widespread acceptance of social informatics is to integrate it with the more traditionally technical curricula of ICT oriented students in computer science and related fields, and this is the focus of Chapter 5. Here the book delivers on its promise of providing a clear framework for both understanding and teaching social informatics. The goal is not simply to learn how to build systems, but to learn how to build systems that account for the context in which they are used. The authors prescribe field experience problem-driven learning techniques embedded in the needs of particular organizations, and a critical, reflexive orientation toward ICT design and construction. In a chapter endnote, the authors mention that a socia informatics perspective would also be useful to students in other fields such as communication and education, but that space limitations required a focus on computer science. Though an understandable choice, if the goal is to convince those outside the field of the value of a social informatics perspective, it would seem natural to include management or economics curricula as fertile ground to analyze some of the tangible effects of a failure to account for the social context of system implementations. Chapter 6 is something of an outreach manifesto, a treatise on communicating social informatics research to professional and research communities, and an explicit call for social informatics researchers "to shoulder the responsibility for communicating the core of social informatics . . . to ICT professionals and other research communities" (pp. 106-107). The authors are not shy about framing social informatics less as a research field and more as an up-and-coming competitor in the marketplace of ICT-oriented ideas; achieving more widespread acceptance of social informatics is presented almost as a sales and marketing challenge, the goal being "getting to yes" in the minds of ICT professionals. It is an effective presentation strategy, but one that comes with a cost.
Throughout the book, the authors portray social informatics research as being underutilized and misunderstood outside the field, and they should be commended for acknowledging and addressing these problems head-on. Yes, there is resistance from ICT professionals and faculty and students in technical disciplines, most of whom have not been trained to consider social and institutional issues as part of their work. However, this stance sometimes results in a defensive tone. Social informatics research is repeatedly described as "systematic," "rigorous," and "empirically anchored," as if in preemptive response to doubts about the seriousness of social informatics scholarship. Chapter titles such as "Perceptions of the Relevance of Social Informatics Research" and "Raising the Profile of Social Informatics Research" contribute to this impression. Nonscholarly observers are dismissed as "pundits," and students who lack a social informatics perspective have "typically naïve" conceptualizations (p. 100). The concluding chapter ends not with a powerful and memorable synthesis, but with a final plea: "Taking Social Informatics Seriously." The content of the book is strong enough to stand on its own, but the manner in which it is presented sometimes detracts from the message. The book's few weaknesses can be viewed simply as the price of attempting both to survey social informatics research findings and to articulate their importance for such a diverse set of audiences, in such a brief volume. The central tension of the book, and the field of social informatics as a whole, is that on the one hand the particular-use context of an ICT is of critical importance, but furthering a social informatics agenda requires that some context-independent findings and tools be made evident to those outside the field. Understanding and Communicating Social Informatics is an important and worthwhile contribution toward reconciling this tension, and translating social informatics research findings into better real-world systems."

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Content

Inhalt: Chapter 1. Background -- Chapter 2. Definitions -- Chapter 3. Aims, Objectives, and Methodology -- Chapter 4. Setting the Scene -- Chapter 5. Information Society -- Chapter 6. Drivers for Change -- Chapter 7 A Dysfunctional STM Scene? -- Chapter 8. Comments on the Dysfunctionality of STM Publishing -- Chapter 9. The Main Stakeholders -- Chapter 10. Search and Discovery -- Chapter 11. Impact of Google -- Chapter 12. Psychological Issues -- Chapter 13. Users of Research Output -- Chapter 14. Underlying Sociological Developments -- Chapter 15. Social Media and Social Networking -- Chapter 16. Forms of Article Delivery -- Chapter 17. Future Communication Trends -- Chapter 18. Academic Knowledge Workers -- Chapter 19. Unaffiliated Knowledge Workers -- Chapter 20. The Professions -- Chapter 21. Small and Medium Enterprises -- Chapter 22. Citizen Scientists -- Chapter 23. Learned Societies -- Chapter 24. Business Models -- Chapter 25. Open Access -- Chapter 26. Political Initiatives -- Chapter 27. Summary and Conclusions -- Chapter 28. Research Questions Addressed

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Editor

Cronin, B. u. C.R. Sugimoto

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Footnote

Rez. in: Mitteilungen VOEB 59(2006) H.4, S.74-76 (M. Katzmayr): "Information Literacy (IL) bzw. Informationskompetenz ist in aller Munde, wird sie doch als Schlüsselqualifikation angesehen, um an der so genannten Informationsgesellschaft teilzuhaben. Susie Andretta, Dozentin für Informationsmanagement an der London Metropolitan University, hat nun einen praxisorientierten Leitfaden zur IL vorgelegt, worin zwei Aspekte im Vordergrund stehen: einerseits die Vermittlung der IL in der universitären Lehre, womit andererseits auch ein erfolgreiches lebenslanges Lernen nach Verlassen der Universität ermöglicht werden soll. Das Buch beginnt mit einer theoretischen Einführung. Dort ist zu lesen, dass sich die Vermittlung von IL aus Kursen zur Bibliotheksbenutzung entwickelt habe - doch während letztere traditionell den effektiven Umgang mit Bibliotheksressourcen vermitteln und somit auf die Bibliothek beschränkt seien, beinhalte IL auch Herangehensweisen zur Lösung komplexer Problemstellungen. Drei prominente IL-Konzeptionen folgender Organisationen werden anschließend ausführlicher vorgestellt und verglichen: die der US-amerikanischen "Association of Colleges and Research Libraries" (ACRL), des "Australian and New Zealand Institute for information Literacy" (ANZIIL) und der britischen "Society of College, National and University Libraries" (SCONUL). In allen drei besteht IL zumindest aus dem Wahrnehmen eines Informationsbedarfes, Methoden zum Erhalt dieser Information und schließlich ihrer Bewertung, um die Fragen zu beantworten, die zum Informationsbedarf geführt haben. Alle drei gehen über die rein technologische Kompetenz (IT-Kompetenz) hinaus und umfassen u. a. Medien-, Bibliotheks-, und Recherchekompetenzen, um nur einige zu nennen. Allerdings gehen zwei dieser Konzeptionen noch wesentlich weiter - so fordert die ANZIIL von einer informationskompetenten Person u.a. folgende Fähigkeit: "the information-literate person applies prior and new information to construct new concepts or create new understandings" (S. 157), der Lernzielkatalog der SCONUL beinhaltet: "The ability to synthesise and build upon existing information, contributing to the creation of new knowledge" (S. 162).
Die praktischen Erfahrungen der Autorin in der Lehre von IL werden mittels zweier Fallstudien beschrieben. Die erste behandelt IL im sozialwissenschaftlichen Grundstudium, wobei die Schwerpunkte auf IT-Kompetenz und Webrecherche lagen. Die zweite hat die Vermittlung von IL im postgradualen informationswissenschaftlichen Studium zum Thema - nicht zuletzt, um den sich verändernden Berufsbildern im Bibliothekswesen und verwandten Bereichen gerecht zu werden. Die Aufgabe der Studierenden war es, einen Forschungsantrag zu schreiben und zu präsentieren, wozu ein breites Spektrum an Informationskompetenzen erforderlich war. Beide Fallstudien beschreiben detailliert die Lehrpläne, Ergebnisse und daraus gewonnene Erfahrungen. Sie dokumentieren eine insgesamt erfolgreiche Vermittlung der IL im universitären Kontext und liefern äußerst wertvolle Anregungen und Hilfestellungen. Im sehr umfangreichen Anhang sind die besprochenen TL-Konzeptionen vollständig abgedruckt. Daneben sind u. a. auch Fragebögen zum Abschätzen der Informationskompetenz dargestellt; diese können nach einiger Anpassung für eigene Zwecke verwendet werden. Ein umfassendes Literaturverzeichnis und ein thematisches Register beschließen den Band. Fazit: Dieses Buch wird seinem Titel durchaus gerecht und kann als kompakter, übersichtlicher und hilfreicher Leitfaden für all jene dienen, die Lehrveranstaltungen zur IL konzeptionell gestalten und durchführen. Allerdings: gemessen am äußerst stolzen Preis dürfte es auch um keinen Deut schlechter sein."